The document presents a concept for harnessing hydro kinetic renewable energy from river flows in India, specifically from the Western Ghats region. It describes the large potential energy resource from monsoon rains, estimates energy potential from a sample catchment area, and proposes a novel linear power turbine device to extract energy from river flows in a sustainable way without needing large dams. Initial analysis suggests the concept could generate over 1 TWh of energy annually from the sample area and have a payback period of 5 years, making it a viable and affordable renewable energy option for India.

1. S-W Monsoon driven
Hydro Kinetic Renewable Energy Resource
A Novel India Specific Concept
A Presentation at Exploring Energy Frontiers:
an interactive summit from IITBAA-GABF
Miramar, Goa September 21, 2014
With a Focus on
“Improving energy self sufficiency for the country
by harnessing the transformative potential of IITians
(alumni, faculty and students) as change agents”
By
Dr. Shrikrishna Sane
IITB Alumnus (1964 Batch M. Tech., Mechanical) and Former Professor,
Centre for Aerospace Systems & Engineering, Department of Aerospace Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai (1971-2004).
Since 2007, Advisor, Science & Technology, Nostrum Energy LLC (NJ, USA),
operating from Powai, Mumbai (India).
Email: sane0484@gmail.com; Websit: www.nostrumenergy.com
10/10/2014 © Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE LLC (NJ, US)

2. Presentation Outline
• Tropical Monsoon: a BOON and an OPPORTUNITY
• Western Ghats: Hydro Kinetic Renewable
Energy Resource Assessment
• Energy Conversion Devices: Linear Power Turbine
• Changing Paradigms: Sustainability of Society & Environment
• Pilot Case Study: Resource Potential
• Pilot Case Study: Techno-Economic Assessment
• Conclusions & Recommendations
• Tasks Ahead: Start Detailed Project Definition
 Feasibility Report  Field Demonstration
10/10/2014 © Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE LLC (NJ, US) 2

3. ENERGY RESOURCE: RENEWABLE OR NON-RENEWABLE
Energy Resource, by definition, must be:
Abundant and Accessible,
Reliable,
Predictable,
Technically Feasible,
Economically Competitive,
and
must have
Net Positive Benefit over its Life Cycle.
10/10/2014 © Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE LLC (NJ, US) 3

4. Renewable: Rainfall/Snow Melting
WATER RESOURCE & HYDRO KINETIC ENERGY RESOURCE : P  V3
Just Rainfall is not a Hydro Kinetic Energy Resource. Wind blowing at 6 m/s 24x365 is not a
Wind Energy Resource. Rainfall in US & Indian S-W Monsoon are different.
10/10/2014
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© Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE LLC (NJ, US)

5. Renewable: Tropical Monsoon
Sorry, Cannot help Boundary Distortions
This Map tells
many things,
which need
urgent
recognition
Tropical Monsoon Regions: (indicated in blue).
Monsoon in Indian Subcontinent is special because
of Great Himalayan Wall in the North.
S-W Monsoon brings 3.5 – 10 m rainfall in 60-120 days
almost in equal measure year after year: an opportunity.
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© Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE LLC (NJ, US)

6. 10/10/2014 6
Case of : Western Ghats of Peninsular India
The Unexploited Opportunity
Miramar
What experts say:
“Though the west-flowing rivers draining the
western aspect of the Western Ghats have
substantial run-off, the spatial scope for their
wider utilization is limited.” [3] But no more.
© Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE
LLC (NJ, US)
Kondbhairav

7. Western Ghats of Peninsular India
Gross Hydro Kinetic Energy Resource Potential
• Consider some Realistic Numbers:
• Catchment Area: 100000 km2 out of 180000 km2;
• Usable Rainfall: 4.5 m out of 7.5 m with 0.6 runoff;
• Duration of Stabilized Flow: 45 days minimum;
• Usable Gravitational Head: 100 m out of 1000;
• Gross Flow: 70000 m3/s @ Usable Head: 1 MPa;
• Gross Hydro Kinetic Power: 70 GW;
• Gross Energy Available: 75 TWh/year;
• Practical Realization of 2% of 75 TWh Energy Potential
will deliver annually: 1.5 TWh of useful energy;
with a decent CUF: 0.123 to 0.37 (45 – 135 days);
10/10/2014
© Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE
LLC (NJ, US)
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8. Western Ghats (WG): Way Forward
• WHAT IT IS: 1.5 TWh/year with CUF=0.13-0.37
• HOW IT COMPARES WITH WIND IN INDIA[1]:
• In 2012 : 14623 installed MW actually delivered
16428 MU or 16.428 TWh at 13% CUF.
• WG are equal to 10 % of Indian Wind Energy.
• Higher the CUF better the economics, but
we need to carefully work it out.
• HOW TO DO IT: Check Dams with
Temporary Storages and
• Multiple Turbine Units
10/10/2014 © Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE LLC (NJ, US) 8

9. Hydro Kinetic Renewable Energy Resource Concept
Couple it with ‘Total Water Management Model’
Catchment
LPT UNIT
Area W x B
CDSR: Check Dam Stabilizing Reservoir
CDSR Concept
Site Specific Scenario needs
Careful Requirements Capture
Ask locals (humans, flora, fauna, ……)
as to ‘What is best for them’.
10/10/201 No straight Jacketed Solutions please!
4
© Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE LLC (NJ, US) 9

10. Conventional HKEC Designs – Inappropriate to
specific requirements of hydro kinetic energy resource
Savonius Marine Propeller Type Gorlov Helical 2-Bladed Windmill Type
A mixed ‘DRAG-Lift’ Device
10/10/2014
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© Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE LLC (NJ, US)
An emulation of ancient
Chinese Water Wheel:
Sophisticated AVTAAR:
Mini Linear Turbine Test
at Rakaia River New
Zealand, 4/9/2012

11. We need better Energy Conversion Devices:
Here is a Novel Design.
LPT Concept Demonstration Model
LPT [w1, h1, l1, d1, c, b, V, U, H, DP, , , NoB, RPM, Cp]
Flume [W, D, L, V]
Frame [w, h, l]
Sane, Manmadkar (IN), Mulye , Shukla, Barros (US) US Patent Application Publication, No. US
2011/0115231 A1 May 19 2011, “Hydro Kinetic Energy Conversion System” (Patent pending).
10/10/2014 11
© Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE LLC (NJ, US)
Importance of V:
For Wind
V = 12-13 m/s
For Water
V = 3 m/s
Variables:
W, D, & V

12. Put Turbine in the River rather than
River in the Turbine
Micro Hydro
LPT Concept Demonstration: Sane Nostrum Energy
Practical Action
Hydro Electric Paradigm: Mega, Mini
and even Micro
Rivers must flow as naturally as the rivers want,
do not ‘dam’ them, if you can avoid.
10/10/2014 © Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE LLC (NJ, US) 12

13. If you have not used CFD, nobody will take you seriously.
Wake Vortices in CFD Simulation at Aero. Engg. Dept. IITB
by Prof. Prabhu Ramachandran & Co.
The Blade shapes/motion and topology of wakes tells us,
as to ‘why this machine is likely to be aqua life friendly’
10/10/2014 © Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE LLC (NJ, US) 13

14. IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICS BASED SIMPLE
SIMULATION TOOLS TO PROMOTE
UNDERSTANDING AS AGAINST COMMERCIAL
CFD TOOLS IN ACADEMIC INSTITUTES
Extrapolation by Sane
U/V = 4
10/10/2014 © Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE LLC (NJ, US)
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CASE CPU EXE-TIME Advantage
1-D Laptop 1 s Quick Design Tool
2-D NS i3-cluster 3 months Detailed Wakes
ASK PGM ARUN DRAVID, IF STILL IN DOUBT

15. Changing Paradigms:
• Can Renewables stand on own Legs? NO & YES.
• Distributed Generation and Consumption Model;
(If desirable, is this enmeshed in our thinking and planning? This is going on for a
decade).
• Moving away from age old ‘Hydro Electric
Power’ Mind-Set; US has started the trend [2, 3],
Poor Nations will need 50-100 years more, cannot just shut down existing plants.
• Innovating Power Extraction Devices for fully
confined finite flows;
• Total Water Management Concept:
Empowerment of the People and Environment
10/10/2014
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© Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE LLC (NJ, US)

16. Total Water Management Concept: a citizen’s charter
must envision and ensure that
• Empowerment rather than Displacement of Humans, Flora
and Fauna, as they are primary stake holders.
• ‘Distributed Generation & Consumption’ Model: Only Excess
Energy & Water to External Consumers & 24x7 electricity in each hospital/school/house.
• Prevent Soil Erosion; Generate Fresh Soil Areas through Temporary Storage
Hydraulic Structures: Check dams/bunds: Help Ground Water Recharging
• Use of Innovative & Appropriate Strategies: Forestation,
Herbal Plantation, Grass patches, Agricultural Ponds.
• Ensure Water for Drinking, Sanitation, Irrigation
and Traditional Industry for the population, tribal
included.
• Generate Revenues and Create Jobs Locally and
Manage Locally at Village Level.
10/10/2014 © Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE LLC (NJ, US) 16

17. Pilot Case Study: Resource Potential
CA near Sangameshwar (Maharashtra)
Catchment Area: 15 x 2.4 = 36 km2.
Height AMSL:
Kondbhairav (360 m); Nivali (180 m);
Nayari (80 m); Hedali (40 m); Total : 320 m.
PROPOSAL FOR
IMPLEMENTATION:
IT WILL NOT COST MUCH.
10/10/2014 © Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE LLC (NJ, US) 17

18. Kondbhairav Pilot Case Study: Resource Potential
• Catchment Area = 36 km2;
• Rainfall Intensity : 4500/6000 mm in 90 days
• Average Cumulative Stabilized Flow in the last 1 to 1.5 km of
catchment zone with runoff coefficient of 0.72 = 15 m3/s;
• Usable Head: 20 / 320 m in Last 1 to 1.5 km
• Flumes: b = 2 m, w = 4 m, d = 1.25 m to ensure V = 3 m/s.
• LPTs: l = 3.2 m, s = 0.75, Rated Power = 16.7 kW @ V = 3 m/s.
• 30 units in 1000 m to generate 500 kW for 90 days.
• Energy Delivered: 1.1 TWh/year.
• Decent CUF of (90/365) ≈ 25 %.
10/10/2014 © Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE LLC (NJ, US) 18

19. Kondbhairav: Pilot Case Study:
Techno-Economic Assessment
• @ INR 4/kWh: Annual Revenue per MW: INR 8.8 million.
• Indirect Revenue of ‘Value Addition’:
- ‘Total Water Management Model
• Estimated Annual Revenue per MW: INR 10 million.
• Payback Period: 5 years
• Limit Capital Costs to: INR 50 million/MW.
• Practically Feasible, but site specific.
• Cheaper Compared to Solar by 100%.
• Cheaper Compared to Micro Hydro by 150 %.
• Prima Facie a Practical/Doable Proposition
10/10/2014
© Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE
LLC (NJ, US)
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20. Conclusions and Recommendations
• A scientifically sound, practically feasible,
sustainable, environmentally & socially
friendly and commercially competitive scheme
to identify, design-develop and exploit
potential Hydro Kinetic Renewable Energy
Resource Sites, wherever these wait unnoticed.
This renewable will have a net positive
benefit.
• Appropriate Power Extraction Device concept
demonstrated in March 2013.
• Support urgent Implementation
10/10/2014 © Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE LLC (NJ, US) 20

21. Conclusions and Recommendations
• Most of the nations in the tropical monsoon
region are not rich and are in need of
Affordable Solutions.
• India should lead from the front to
develop this technology.
• The numbers generated are kept
sufficiently conservative so that the
conclusions remain valid under all
possible uncertainties.
10/10/2014
© Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE
LLC (NJ, US)
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22. Remarks
• Power extraction devices, for Wind and Tidal, operate
in similar singly confined infinite flow domains. But
devices for rivers and canals operate in fully confined
finite flow domains and must look different.
• I consider this sufficiently fish friendly as compared
to conventional rotary ‘choppers’.
• This can be a Value addition to existing Hydro
Electric Power Installations.
• Floating debris is an issue but not insurmountable, so
also sealed bearings operating in muddy water.
10/10/2014
© Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE
LLC (NJ, US)
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23. Tasks ahead …..
I look forward to this gathering to take up
some of the challenges to get the Technology
Details in place: Resource Development &
LPT Technology: ‘pocket belts’, ‘bearings’, ‘rotary/linear
generators with water gap’, ‘composite blades’, ‘debris removal
robots’ to name a few.
• We cannot change the way Sun shines or the way Wind
blows or even the way it rains but we can somewhat
change the way water flows from hill tops to oceans and
let the rivers flow……… ….
10/10/2014
© Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE
LLC (NJ, US)
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24. Epilog
This has been SIX years effort of one individual.
March 24, 2013 was first time in the world that
a classical ‘LIFT’ based Linear Power Turbine
was demonstrated in the water efflux of Tata
Hydro Power Station at Bhivpuri near Karjat
(Maharashtra). Evidence about the effort it took to
reach there can be found in the storm water drain
canal near NCC office and Hydraulics Lab in IIT
Powai campus even today.
A pat on the back by Prof. Kirit Parikh in 2013!
‘Thank You’ to Nostrum Energy is not ap.
10/10/2014 © Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE LLC (NJ, US) 24

25. “Any movement passes through five stages:
Indifference, Skepticism, Criticism,
Suppression and Praise” – Mahatma Gandhi.
Jodi Tor Dak Soone Keu Na Asse, Tobe Ekla Chalo Re!
10/10/2014
© Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE
LLC (NJ, US)
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26. As True Descendants of Bhagirath the Great,
Take up TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION
Let India be first in World in Technology Development for once
Jai Hind !
‘Kondbhairav’ will not need any other ‘Sacrifice’ …. Aadi Shankaracharya
A Dream in 2011: Produced & Directed by – S. Shrikrishna
Dream you must, One of the Dreams can be a Reality.
Constructive Criticism & Suggestions are
Sincerely Solicited to move Forward!!
Thank you !!!
10/10/2014 © Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE LLC (NJ, US) 26

27. Bibliographic Citations
1. India Wind Energy Outlook 2012, page 35, [www.gwec.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/] India-
Wind-Energy-Outlook...
2. Gleick P. H., “The Changing Water Paradigm – A Look at Twenty-first Century Water Resources
Development”, IWRA, Water International, v. 25, n. 1, pp 127-138, March 2000.
3. Bandyopadhyay J., Shama P., “The Interlinking of Indian Rivers: Some Questions on the Scientific,
Economic and Environmental Dimensions of the Proposal”, Paper presented at Seminar on
“Interlinking Indian Rivers: Bane or Boon?”at IISWBM, Kolkata, June 17, 2003.
4. http://keystone-foundation.org/wp-content/
files/Map_of_the_Western_Ghats_for_Save_Western_Ghats_Meet_2010.jpg
5. Micro-hydro power | Practical Action[www.practicalaction.org/page/3660]
6. Surface Flow-Runoff [web.iitd.ac.in/~chahar/Courses/CEL251/Runoff.pdf]
7. Bengtson H. H., Rational Method Hydrologic Calculations with Excel, Course No: C01
[www.cedengineering.com/upload/Rational%20Method%20with%20Excel.pdf]
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1. Sane et al. US Patent No. 7,709,971*, May 2010, “Novel Linear Wind Power Generator”
2. Sane, Manmadkar (IN), Mulye, Shukla, Barros (US): US Patent Application Publication, No. US
2011/0115231 A1 May 19 2011*, “Hydro Kinetic Energy Conversion System” (Patent pending).
3. Sane “Monsoon Driven Hydro Kinetic Renewable Energy Resource- Concept Development”,
submitted for publication on Aug 01 2014 in Springer Open Journal ‘Renewables: Wind Water
and Solar’ as RWWS-D-14-00010.
* - Assignee: Nostrum Energy PTE Singapore, an associated company of Nostrum Energy LLC (NJ, USA).
10/10/2014
© Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE LLC (NJ, US) 27

28. Dr. Nirmal Mulye (Sangameshwar) with President Obama
Meeting in New York on Oct 06, 2010
© Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE
10/10/2014 28
LLC (NJ, US)

29. Cp -TSR for Windmills


Cp – U/V for LPT 
10/10/2014
© Prof. Shrikrishna Sane, Adviser S&T, NE
LLC (NJ, US)
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LPT
Effect of Dynamic Wake
Interactions included
DSSTWWI MODEL by SKSane