3. Sound produced by person’s larynx
uttered through mouth as speech.
 Voice is a characteristic speech &
thought patterns of thoughts of a 1st
person narrator because voice has so
much to do with reader’s experience of
a work of literature.


4. There are four stages of voice
production as: Compression
 Vibration
 Amplification
 Modification


5. 
Speaking starts with the movement of the air out
of the body through the process of exhalation.
The air we inhale is compressed for exhalation.
The movement begins from the lungs, the place
where the air eventually goes after inhalation.
The air then passes through a pair of bronchial
tubes, a pair of canals which are connected to
the lungs at one end to the windpipe or trachea
at the other end. The windpipe is the canal inside
our neck. Muscles contract and expand the
space occupied by the lungs. This compression is
done with the aid of a membrane separating the
lungs from the intestines. This membrane is called
the diaphragm.

6. 
When the air hits the windpipe or the trachea,
it passes through the larynx or the vocal box,
situated somewhere in the upper part of the
windpipe. The larynx is known as the vibrator.
Inside the larynx are the vocal folds, a pair of
thin membranes which vibrate when air
passes through.
The vibration results in the production of the
initial sound of the voice. This is not the actual
sound of the voice. It is only the beginning of
the sound.

7. 
The initial sound is made loud and amplified into our
true voice by the air chambers in our body called
the resonators. When the sound enters an air
chamber, the sound reverberates and is
consequently multiplied before leaving the air
chamber.
The air chamber of our body that serves as
resonators are:
a. the vestibule – the first air chamber located above
the larynx
b. the pharynx or the throat – the second air
chamber located at the inner end of the mouth
c. the nasal cavities – the chambers of the nose
d. the mouth – a very important resonator

8. 

The sound made loud by the resonators is carved out
into intelligible sounds, the vowels and consonants,
by the modifiers or articulators, those parts of the
body that form speech sound.
The modifiers or articulators are:
a. lips – enunciate the bilabial sounds p, b, w, hw,
and cooperate with the teeth in the f and v sounds
b. teeth – are used for the s. Together with the
tongue, they articulate the soft and hard palate.
C. tongue - is a key modifier. The tongue shapes out
the vowels and helps consonants.
D. jaw - does not produce specific sounds but it is an
important modifier. If we do not use our jaw, we tend
to mumble. We are then said to be eating our words.

9. 1.Audibility:Ability to heard works along with
diaphragmatic breathing.
2.Pleasant quality:Quality & tone of your voice speak
louder than words( non-verbal aspect).
3.Flexibility/Vocal variety:We better enjoy listening to those
who have a variety in pitch, rate, force.

10. Intelligibility: How well you can be understood.
 Articulation- speaking clearly.
 Pronunciation – look up a word if you don’t
know how to pronounce it.
 Dialect regions:@eastern
b.southern
c.midwest.
