Osteoporosis, Hypothyroidism..... Not Just a Woman's Disease By Ms.Prema Kodical This is part of the HELP Talk series at HELP,Health Education Library for People, the worlds largest free patient education library www.healthlibrary.com

1. Osteoporosis..
Hypothyroidism..
Anemia - not just
a woman’s disease
Presented by
Prema Kodical
Weight Management Consultant

2. More common in women
•Hypothyroidism
•Anemia
•Osteoporosis
•Rheumatoid Arthritis
•Gallbladder Stones

3. Thyroid - most
ignored gland in
the body

4. Thyroid hormones
control
• metabolism
• brain function
• proper sexual development
• normal growth of bones
Hormones released:
• T4 – 80%
• T3 – 20%

5. Thyroid gland functioning
is affected:
• Hypothyroid - more common - 6 to 8 %
Hypothyroidism is an underactive thyroid
gland. Hypothyroidism means that the
thyroid gland can’t make enough thyroid
hormone to keep the body running
normally.
• Hyperthyroid – 1%

6. Signs of
Hypothyroidism
Signs of hypo
• Slow reflexes and movement
• Low body temp
• Slow heartbeat
• BP irregularities
• Dry skin
• Dull facial expression
• Hoarseness of voice
• Swelling in the neck

7. Symptoms of Hypothyroidism
• Obesity/weight gain/inability to lose weight
• Constipation
• Muscle and joint pain and aches
• Low body temp, feeling cold
• Fatigue and weakness
• Slow pulse, low BP..at times, high BP
• Delayed sexual development, delayed menstruation, heavy
flow leading to anemia, problem conceiving a baby
• Puffiness and swelling
• Low husky and hoarse voice
• Imbalance in prolactin hormone – lactation in a woman who
is not breastfeeding
• Mood, depression
• Low sex drive

8. Hypo Causes:
• Too much or too little iodine – dietary
intake – 150 mcg/day
• Autoimmune disease – TPO antibodies
(Thyroid Peroxidase AB): these are
antibodies that attack the thyroid instead of
bacteria and viruses, they are a marker for
autoimmune thyroid disease, which is the
main underlying cause of hypothyroidism and
hyperthyroidism

9. •Thyroiditis - autoimmune attack or
by a viral infection
•Surgical removal of part or all of the
thyroid gland – in thyroid cancer or
hyperthyroidism
•Radiation treatment - in thyroid cancer
or hyperthyroidism
•Congenital hypothyroidism – babies
born without or partly formed thyroid
gland

10. •Medication – Lithium – to
treat depression
•Damage to the pituitary
gland – tumor,radiation or
surgery – have Low T4 and
normal or low TSH

11. Obesity and
hypothyroidism:
•Childhood weight gain and obesity are
associated with adult hypothyroidism
and autoimmune thyroid disease in women
•But childhood obesity at 14 associated
with occurrence of adult hypothyroidism
in both sexes

12. Obese Adults
• Obesity associated with
increased levels of TSH into the
hypothyroid range
• Obese adults are more likely to
have positive TPO antibodies than
do normal weight adults.

13. Hyperthyroidism – Grave’s
disease - autoimmune disease -
thyroid goes into uncontrolled
hormone overproduction

14. Planning pregnancy
• Thyroid disease during pregnancy
- miscarriage, pre-term delivery,
brain abnormalities in the baby
and postpartum thyroid
inflammation in the mother

15. • Women with a history of thyroid
disease, thyroid autoimmunity or a
family history of thyroid disease
– evaluate their thyroid health d
before planning pregnancy and again
after getting pregnant
• Those on thyroid hormone
replacement - 30-50% increase in
their dose when pregnant
• Fetal development dependent on
adequate maternal T4 levels

16. Consequences
Hypothyroid woman
• inadequate treatment – child of low
IQ
• Untreated – high BP, ruptured
placenta, anemia
Hypothyroid woman
• uncontrolled– premature
delivery/fetal
malformation/hyperthyroid baby

17. Iodine intake
Iodine for increased thyroid hormone
and Iodine
• Foetus takes Iodine from maternal
blood in the first 3 weeks
• Foetus requires Iodine to make its
own thyroid hormone
Optimal iodine nutrition important
during pregnancy and lactation -
Total daily iodine intake 220
mcg/day for pregnant women and 290
mcg/day for lactating women

18. No cure, Only control
Hypothyroidism can’t
be cured. But in
almost every patient,
hypothyroidism can be
completely controlled.

19. Diet
Boost Your Thyroid Function
• Eat more of these great sources of
iodine to enhance thyroid function
Low fat cheese & yogurt, Cow’s milk,
Eggs, Saltwater fish, Shellfish
• Eat selenium-rich foods
Mushrooms, garlic, onions, eggs, beef,
liver, shellfish, wheat germ, sunflower
seeds,sesame seeds

20. Eat less of these
foods
They slow down your thyroid - block your
thyroid hormone and your medication from
producing thyroid hormone properly
• Almonds,Cauliflower,Millet,Pears,Corn,Musta
rd & Mustard Greens,Pinenuts,Cabbage,Peach,
Peanuts,Spinach,Flaxseeds,Lima Beans,Sweet
Potato,Citrus fruits,Parsley,Onions,
Wheat Sprouts,Red wine,Beer
Blocks Iodine uptake
• Soya

21. Exercise
• Hypothyroid – fatigue
• Hyperthyroid – fatigue.
cannot increase workload.
Heart and skeletal muscles
require more energy

22. Anemia
Reduced
Haemoglobin
in blood

23. Reasons:
• Nutritional Deficiency –
Iron, Vitamin B12, Folic
Acid deficiency
Most common of the three
• Iron Deficiency Anemia -
serum iron is low

24. DAILY REQUIREMENT
Iron requirements/day:
• Adult men and non-menstruating
women - about 8 mg iron/day
• Menstruating women - 18 mg/day
• Pregnant women - increased need

25. Iron Deficiency
Anemia
Reasons
• Amount of iron in diet inadequate
• Malabsorption
• Excessive iron loss like in
bleeding - colon cancer, stomach
ulcers, piles, parasites like
hookworms, drugs like aspirin

26. IRON SOURCES
• LIVER
• MEATS
• EGG YOLK
• DARK GREEN VEGETABLES
• LEGUMES
• NUTS

27. Other causes of
Anemia
• Folic Acid deficiency -
Megaloblastic Anemia (10 mg/day)
• Vitamin B12 deficiency -
Pernicious Anemia (2 mcg/day)
• Hemolytic Anemia - RBC
destruction
• Cancers of the bone marrow

28. FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY
Folic Acid deficiency –
• Dangerous in pregnant women
• Rich sources of Folic Acid:
LIver, Broccoli, Bananas,
Lima Beans, Green Leafy
Vegetables, Legumes, Yeast
Note:Folic Acid with B12
boosts production of RBCs•

29. Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a condition of the skeletal
system, common in middle aged and older
individuals, mainly caused by the body’s
attempt to correct an unhealthy
biochemical imbalance by utilizing the
calcium that should normally remain in the
bones, causing bone density loss. However,
unless certain abnormal endocrine and/or
gastrointestinal conditions are present,
the biochemical imbalance may be corrected
by diet and lifestyle changes

30. Risk Factors
• Hyperparathyroidism (excessive parathyroid hormone production
causes too much calcium to be removed from the bone)
• Hyperthyroidism
• Long-term use of certain medications - heparin (a blood thinner),
antiseizure medications
• Thin and small body frames
• Family history of osteoporosis
• Cigarette smoking
• Excessive alcohol consumption - inhibits Ca absorption and bone
formation
• Lack of exercise
• Poor nutrition and poor general health
• Too much salt –increases urinary excretion of Ca
• Too much animal protein –increases Ca loss from bones
• Malabsorption
• Low estrogen levels
• Immobility

31. Acidic Food
Serum Ca levels - 8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL
(deciliter)
• Bone loss occurs when there is
excessive accumulation of acid waste
• Body pH 7.35 and 7.45
• If Serum Ca level falls, it takes it from
the bones
(With age, a slight decrease in bone density is

32. DEXA
T-score
• Normal: > -1
• Osteopenia: between -1 to
-2.5
• Osteoporosis: < -2.5

33. Supplements to build
strong bones
Minerals
• Calcium: 1,200 - 1500 mg; Dairy products.
• Phosphorus 700 mg; Meat, Dairy products
• Magnesium: 200-400 mg – helps Calcium get into bones and
converts vitamin D into its active form. Wheatgerm, nuts,
seafood, dairy products, green leafy veg
• Boron: 3 mg daily – plugs the Ca leak. May reduce urinary
excretion of Ca and Mg. Fruits and veg
• Zinc: 8 mg for women and 11 mg for men; eggs, milk, seafood,
meat, wholegrains.
• Copper: 0.9 mg; liver, wholegrains, legumes, nuts
• Manganese: (Deficiency found in woemn with osteoporosis)
1.8 mg for women and 2.3 mg for men; fruits, wholegrains,
legumes, nuts, vegetables, soya
Note: Mn deficiency found in women with osteoporosis

34. Some more supplements
Note: Zn, Cu, Mn work together for stronger bones
Vitamins:
• Vitamin D: 400 IU up to age 70, and 600 IU for
those older than 70. Ability of the skin to
synthesize it decreases with age; fish oils,
fatty fish, and to a lesser extent in beef
liver, cheese, egg yolks
• • Vitamin K: 70 mg for women and 80 mg for men.
Enables proteins in bones to hold on to Calcium.
Osteoporotic women have low vitamin K levels;
fruits, leafy greens, dairy products, seeds,
root vegetables
• Vitamin C: 500 mg – building collagen;dark
leafy vegetables, potatoes citrus fruits,
cabbage

35. Some more supplements
• Estrogen, Testosterone,
Vitamin D increase
Calcium absorption
•Antioxidants
•Exercise

36. To know more about me, check
out my website
www.weightmanager.in
You can call me
8879410893
or write to
shapeit123@gmail.co
m