CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHONOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS 2 LAB

1. Cape Peninsula University of Technology
Bellville Campus
Department of Mechanical Engineering
THERMODYNAMICS LABORATORY
BOILER EFFICIENCY & CONDENSERS
By
L. Nyandu
Subject: APT200S
Lecturer: Mr Magoda
Evaluation Criteria
Introduction: (Aim for each lab, Background, List of the
apparatus, Procedure etc)
10%
Result: (Calculations, Correct method, etc) 55%
Explanations (did you explain what you are doing rather than
put formulas.)
10%
Discussion: (Discussion of the results, do they make sense?
Any possible errors,
etc)
10%
Conclusion and Recommendations: (Did we achieve our aims?
What do we need to
do to improve our
results)
5%
Presentation, layout and neatness: (Cover page, Typed/ print
neat, report format,
etc)
10%
Total 100%
Date of submission: 28/10/2014
LAB 1: BOILEREFFICIENCY & CONDENSERS

2. The aim of this experiment is to determine boiler efficiency and equivalent evaporator.
1. Apparatus
 Steam boiler plant.
 Separating and throttling calorimeter and a Measuring beaker.
2. Procedure
 Boiler was switched off, and then switched on.
 The boiler was run for 7 minutes, 31 seconds.
 Take readings from the pressure gauge (740 kPa) and add with the atmospheric
pressure to determine the absolute pressure.
 Take the readings of the thermometer from the feed water.
 Take the readings of the volume of fuel and the steam mass.
3. Results
Determine the mass of the fluid:
𝑀𝑓 = 𝑉𝑓 × 𝜌
= 0.00287×
60
10
× 840 = 14,465 𝑘𝑔/ℎ
Mass of the Steam as read from experiment:
𝑀s = 318.18 𝑘𝑔/ℎ
ℎ0 = 𝐶 𝑃 × 𝑡0
= 4.187× 18
= 75.366 𝑘𝐽/ 𝑘𝑔
Boiler efficiency determined:
ƞ0 =
𝑀𝑠(ℎ 𝑠𝑢𝑝 − ℎ0 )
𝑀𝑓 × 𝐶𝑉
=
318.18× (2860.29 − 75.366)
25.2 × 45 500
= 78.72%
Equivalent Evaporation determined:

3. 𝐸𝐸 =
𝑀𝑠(ℎ 𝑠𝑢𝑝 − ℎ0 )
𝑀𝑓 × 2257
=
318× (2860.29 − 75.366)
14.465 × 2257
= 27.126
𝑘𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚
𝑘𝑔 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙
Rackine efficiency determined:
ƞR =
(ℎ1 − ℎ2 )
(ℎ1 − ℎ3 )
=
(ℎ 𝑠𝑢𝑝 − ℎ 𝑤𝑒𝑡 )
(ℎ 𝑠𝑢𝑝 − ℎ 𝑓@75 )
=
(2860.29− 1987.89)
(2860.29− 384.4)
= 35.23 %
Readings taken from experiment
Reading Units
Volume of fuel 2.87 × 10−6
m3
Time 7 min
Mass flow rate of steam 318 kg/h
CV of fuel 45 MJ/kg
Density of fuel 0.84 kg/L
Figure 3: The above table shows the experimental readings for the boiler efficiency &
condensers lab.

4. 4. Discussion
The efficiency of the boiler is found to be 77.43%, the rankine efficiency is 35.23% and
the equivalent evaporator determined is 15.754. This is what we expected because the
boiler efficiency is greater than 75% and rankine efficiency is less than 40%.
5. Conclusion
Looking at the results of the experiment done for the boiler lab, it was found that the
boiler had the more than 75% of efficiency as it was expected because the reading for
the efficiency is 77.34% which then sows than the experiment was a success. The
Rankin cycle’s efficiency is found to be less than 40% percent and that is what we have
expected based on the literature we know.
6. Recommendations
In order to make results more precisely, the students should be given time to repeat the
lab more than two times to ensure that students get the correct readings. There should
be enough data sheets given for instructions on how to carry the experiment of the
boiler reading with the procedure included and every apparatus.