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1. Processes in Juvenile Justice Processing
Essay
The individuals who wrote the “processes in Juvenile Justice
Processing,” make a case for carrying out evaluations among juveniles
and sharing their findings with different government agencies. Their
basis for this is that such processes can reveal some problems among
juvenile offenders before they gravitate into crimes. Their main
argument concerning their processes is that it can help prevent criminal
behavior among young people, and most effective and efficient ways of
addressing juvenile offenses and needs that the government can
employ include making interventions at the earliest point possible. This
paper critically reviews the article of these authors “processes in
juvenile justice processing.”
The paper will mainly investigate the assessments among juvenile
offenders. A major obstacle to implementing the findings is the
differences among jurisdictions with regard to both objectives and
timing of evaluations conducted. In addition, the differences
concerning methods of implementation as well as data usage amongst
jurisdictions also impeded the effective implementation of juvenile
assessments. Even though the researchers have backed and advocated
for these course for assessments and connected these initiatives to
reduction of crime rates, the variations in the objectives of intake can
also reduce the effectiveness of such initiatives. This is most likely to
occur if the involved officers have not clarified the purpose of
conducting needs assessments before intake. Moreover, the authors
also note that most probation officers do not see the need of
conducting expensive assessments among all juveniles. These and many
other hindrances would make it difficult to utilize the comprehensive
assessments for all juvenile referrals.

2. In their research, the two authors used multiple sources of data. I
believe this helped a lot to enhance the validity and credibility of their
findings as opposed to solely relying on interviews or surveys. They also
had a diverse sample that included the staff of different programs
dealing with young people, judges, prosecutors, as well as probation
officers. Data collection methods cannot be effective unless they are
based on an appropriate guideline. The researchers stated that they
used credible literature and the perceptions of the respondents
concerning juvenile assessments to guide their surveys and interviews. I
feel that the authors did everything possible to ascertain the credibility
of their methods of collecting and interpreting data. Since Texas had
passed a legislation that mandated assessments amongst juveniles, it
was the most appropriate State for the study.
Qualitative analysis was mainly employed by the researchers to assess
the collected data from the interviews and surveys. This method
assisted the researchers to attain the objective of gaining an in-depth
comprehension of the essence of conducting risks and needs
assessments among juvenile offenders. Nevertheless, the researchers
also set one of their main objectives as provision of information that
could be extrapolated in other states and even nationwide. This
objective cannot therefore be achieved by use of qualitative data only
because it necessitates the generation of data points that depict the
probability of extrapolation. They should therefore have combined a
quantitative method with the qualitative analysis so as to generate
more information. Such information would also have eased
presentation and interpretation because it could have easily been
compiled into a chart or table. Throughout the paper, I found it difficult
to keep track of all the explanations made by the authors. The use of
more graphs and tables would have made this much easier. Despite the
fact that adding the quantitative aspect portended an additional cost, it
would certainly have widened the scope of the study, and resulted in
the generation of more meaningful information. The weakness of the

3. qualitative method chosen lies in the fact that the authors mostly offer
a description of the situation, without providing succinct alternatives or
even solutions.
The authors also highlight that processing is actually an expensive
process, and in effect, point out that policy makers should focus more
on determining the degree to which carrying out risks and needs
assessments can lead to better processing. As a result, the authors did
not explicitly find out that conducting such assessments would make
the processing of juveniles more effective. Additionally, supposing the
findings revealed that the cost of assessments were acceptable, the
limitations of funding and other resources would hinder the
implementation of assessments. The resultant information from the
assessments is an indication of the need for more programs and
resources. I am of the opinion that in the absence of research that
backs the requisition for more resources, there would be no political
mechanisms of having better programs to implement risks and needs
assessments.
There is also no empirical evidence that assessments can enhance
processing among juveniles. Nonetheless, it is neither possible to rule
out the role in increasing the appropriateness and consistency of
processing. Additionally, there could be more inconsistencies during
the processing if the factors that affect the credibility of assessment are
to be considered. Moreover, jurisdictions also disagree on the amount
of emphasis placed in collection of information besides the
assessments. I am of the opinion that despite the fact that this
information can enhance decision-making among different jurisdictions,
it can also create some inconsistencies. The fact that there are no
systems to evaluate the processes of referral and assessment among
other interventions, increases the probabilities of such inconsistencies.
Even though assessments can be utilized in different ways to manage
cases, make dispositional recommendations, as well as other decisions,

4. it is overambitious to perceive that a singular instrument can handle all
of these objectives. Nevertheless, I have doubts with regards to the
concept that the existence of stringent goals and objectives for
assessment would make them more efficient, despite the implications
made by the authors. I also feel that the jurisdictional factors in
question can influence the goals of needs and risks assessment, and
these may cause diversity in the interpretation of objectives. As such,
the setting up of standardized goals cannot guarantee the success of
assessments.
According to the authors, certain factors act as an obstacle to the
sharing and usage of information in diverse jurisdictions and among
different officers in the judicial system. Since most of information
gathered during intake only ends up on shelves, it would only have
been better if the authors could have identified the factors that hinder
the use of this information. Despite making two policy
recommendations at the end of the paper, the authors seem to have
focused only on the needs and flaws, without offering a practical
contribution on the utilization of information from assessments.
The authors are in agreement that most of the current literature is
more skewed and leans towards the formal processing. As such despite
highlighting the knowledge gap that affects the informal processing,
these authors have not done much in the paper to address them. As
they have noted, the perceived cost-benefit imbalance among policy
makers and other practitioners can prevent the implementation of
most programs that would improve juvenile assessments. Even though
they propose that more “attention” should be paid in the highlighting
the essence of informal processing for juvenile, yet do not provide a
strong argument regarding the financial implications or other attributes
that concern informal processing. Actually, although they point out that
the essence lies in the “potential” of the processing, I feel like they
should have provided more information to justify their proposition.

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