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1910s
- 1. The 1910’s By Daria Dlugosz
- 2. World War I • WWI made a very big impact on language development. • It began in 1914 and ended in 1918 November 18th with a ceasefire. • New methods of attack and defence were developed, new weaponry and people even needed new sounds. Such as: • At the battle of the Ypres, poison gas was used for the first time, which initiated the development of gas masks to protect from mustard gas. Creeping barrage Trench mortars Whizz bang was the sound of light shell being fired from one of the smaller calibre field guns as it came to explode.
- 3. WWI- Machinery • There was a very big development of machinery. • Air warfare had a big impact: words such as dogfights and air aces became more common. There was also distinctions made between bomber and fighter planes. • There was also a development of boats, such as: Battle cruiser Carrier
- 4. Home Front WWI • Munitioneers and munitionettes worked day and night in factories making ammunition for the soldiers. • Women also became trained to do typical ‘male jobs’ such as: postmen, milkmen and porters at railway stations. • Those in special serviced occupations like train drivers, and coal miners were left in their profession. • Other men were required to sign up and become recruits to help the war effort and by 1916 all single men aged 18 to 40 were required to conscript in the national service.
- 5. Living conditions during WWI • Rationing was implemented due to food shortages. However, massive effort was put in order to send food parcels to the troops. • Coupon books were allocated to help in rationing. Each person had 60 coupons to use over a year, they were different colours so that they couldn’t be used at the same time. The Government would decide when the next colour could be used. • This was also the first time that civilians were subjected to air raids and blackouts as German Zeps would fly over England.
- 6. Medical Development • Medical knowledge developed rapidly as there were new issues occurring due to the war such as trench foot. • Physics department looked into x-ray research to help with broken bones and to find bullets. • Amputations became more common due to trench foot being untreated due to a shortage of doctors. • In 1913 Lewisohn discovered sodium citrate stopped blood from clotting. • There was also an attempt to develop facial construction, which made a very big progress.
- 7. Titanic 1912 • At 11.40pm on the night of 14 April 1912, en route to New York and on her maiden voyage, the RMS Titanic struck the iceberg that would ultimately lead to her sinking less than 3 hours later. At around 2.20am on the morning of 15 April, RMS Titanic disappeared beneath the surface of the Atlantic Ocean, a disaster that resulted in the loss of more than 1,500 lives, almost two-thirds of the people on board.
- 8. Scientific Development • Albert Einstein followed up his special theory of relativity with a general theory of relativity. The concept of space and time had made it’s first appearance. • Isotope and automatic nucleus were named. In biology department chromosome, gene and vitamins were added.
- 9. Psychological Language • Freudian terminology that began in 1900’s expanded dramatically in 1910’s words such as Oedipus complex, denial, repression and persona psyche are just a few terms developed by Freud and Gustav Jung. • They also developed the concepts of each and explored unknown psychological illnesses such as schizophrenia.
- 10. Entertainment • The cross word was invented. • Cinema was the most popular public entertainment. With silent movies such as Westerns, news reels and cartoons. • Slapstick comedy was very popular. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mc6MV2G41X0 • In the 1910’s most popular forms of dancing were: the bunny hug, the tango, shimmy and the cooch • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VpfSx9zwAIQ
- 11. Fashion • Most popular type of fashion at the Front was the trench coat. • Back home women hobble and split skirts. As well as the development of motor car journeys meant that scarves were used as a head covering. • Bobbed hair was also coming into fashion.
- 12. Other countries • Russia- Russian revolution occurred in February 1917, Nicholas II was forced to abdicate the throne and a Liberal Government was created. Kerensky became a PM and formed a Provisional Government. In October Bolsheviks seized power led by Lenin and Trotsky. In 1918 the Russian revolutionees execute the Czar. • In 1918 Spanish influenza affected the world killing 50 million to 100 million people.
- 13. Language • During 1910’s was the first recorded use of ‘homosexual’ as a noun, this was not accepted however and often would be used around negative connotations such as ‘faggots or poofers’.
Editor's Notes
- WW1 made a very impact on language in the 1910’s, it was important that new forms of methods were found to attack such as the creeping barrage, there was new weaponry invented like the trench mortars which could be used against the enemy within the safety of the trench. Even new words had to be created for sounds such as whizz bang. There was also new chemicals developed that were dangerous such as the mustard gas and which people needed protection from which pushed the development of gas masks forward.
- Plenty of machinery was developed in WW1 in order to fight off the Germans this enabled for boats and planes to progress and to find out what sort of planes and boats are best used for different needs such as you can see in the photographs, the fighter planes were a lot smaller and therefore fatser compared to the bomber planes that needed to be steady in order not to loose any cargo.
- Here we see a clearly see a change in attitudes due to the war, as there was a shortage of men women were required to their jobs and therefore seeing women in men’s typical type of work was a very big progressive step forward. Conscription during the First World War began when the British government passed the Military Service Act in 1916. The act specified that single men aged 18 to 40 years old were liable to be called up for military service unless they were widowed with children or ministers of a religion.
- Doctors were needed at the front and back home in order to help the injured and sick.
- Albert Einstein, in his theory of special relativity, determined that the laws of physics are the same for all non-accelerating observers, and he showed that the speed of light within a vacuum is the same no matter the speed at which an observer travels. Einstein then spent ten years trying to include acceleration in the theory and published his theory of general relativity in 1915. In it, he determined that massive objects cause a distortion in space-time, which is felt as gravity.
- Oedipus complex, in psychoanalytic theory, a desire for sexual involvement with the parent of the opposite sex and a concomitant sense of rivalry with the parent of the same sex; a crucial stage in the normal developmental process. Sigmund Freud introduced the concept in his Interpretation of Dreams (1899).
- To show tango 43 secs into video. To show bunny hug 3.15 into video.