North and Central Luzon resources and land forms by province.

1. North & Central Luzon

2. North Luzon

3. Ilocos Region
Physical Environment
❖Ilocos Region comprises coastal provinces such as Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur,
La Union, Pangasinan.

4. Ilocos Norte
Ilocos Norte is located on the northernmost edge of western Luzon. Its boundaries are
formed by the Babuyan Channel on the north and its sister province, Ilocos Norte, on the
south. To the west are the turbulent waters of the South China Sea, while the eastern
borders are formed by part of the Cagayan Valley, Abra and the Mountain Province. A
well-paved coastal highway connects the province with the rest of the country.

5. Ilocos Sur
The province of Ilocos Sur is where the Ilocos Region’s myriad of cultures and histories
converge to become a living museum of a spirited past. A national shrine, a national
landmark, a national museum, heritage museums, ancestral houses, period houses,
cobble-stoned streets – they all share space in the timeless land of Ilocos Sur.

6.  The Northern and western parts of both Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur are both
mountainous.

7. La Union
Situated on the northwestern coast of Luzon, La Union is the gateway to the Ilocos
Region. With its strategic location, the province has become the business, education, and
government center of the Ilocos. Not only is La Union the region’s center for trade but
also of religious devotees who flock to one of the country’s popular pilgrimage
destinations, especially during Lent.

8. Pangasinan
 Pangasinan means “lands of salt” or “place of salt-making”; it is derived from asin, the word for
“salt” in Pangasinan language.
 The Pangasinan people are also called taga- Pangasinan, which means “from Pangasinan” in the
Pangasinan language.
 The Pangasinan people are also called taga- Pangasinan, which means “from Pangasinan” in the
Pangasinan language.

9. Three Important Rivers

10. Laoag River
Laoag River crosses Ilocos Norte and empties its load to China Sea.

11. Abra River
Abra River it flaws north but it turns abruptly westward the province of Abra, outlying
into the China Sea.

12. Agno River
Agno River flaws south to the Central plain but empties into tge Lingayen Gulf.

13. Economic Resources

14. ❖Ilocos Region source of income and food is from agriculture.
❖Rice is the principal crop of the Region.
❖Tobacco is the leading commercial crop.
❖Fishing and salt making is the two important economic activities and this two
economies are favored in dry season.
❖Mining of magnetic iron is also being undertaken along the sandy coast of region.

16. Cultural Aspects
❖ There are no big land holdings and every family owns a piece of land.
❖ The limited cultivable land and the influence of the sea have made the Ilocanos
adventurous and the most migratory of the Filipinos.

17. Cordillera Administrative Region
(CAR)

18. Physical Features
Under CAR there are five provinces; Abra, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga-Apayao,
and Mt. Province.
It is a complex of mountains which has a general north to south pattern.

19. Abra
Abra is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region
in Luzon. Its capital is Bangued, and it borders Ilocos Norte and Apayao on the north,
Ilocos Sur and Mountain Province on the south, Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur on the west,
and Kalinga, and Apayao on the east.

20. Benguet
Benguet is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the southern tip of the
Cordillera Administrative Region in the island of Luzon. Its capital is La Trinidad.
The highland province is known as the Salad Bowl of the Philippines because of its huge
production of upland vegetables.

21. Ifugao
Ifugao was formerly a part of the old Mountain Province. It was created as an
independent province on June 18, 1966 by virtue of Republic Act No. 4695. The name is
derived from the word “IPUGO”. Pugo means “hill” while the prefix “I” means “from”.
The Spaniards changed""Ipugo"" to ""Ipugaw"" and it was finally changed by the
Americans to Ifugao.

22. Kalinga - Apayao
Apayao is basically on a mountainous area traversed by many rivers. Region I, II and
other provinces assemble its boundaries. Plains and valleys are used for farming. Apayao
is basically composed of farmlands.

23. Mt. Province
Mt. Province is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its
capital is Bontoc.
Mountain Province was formerly referred to as Mountain in some foreign references. The name is usually
shortened by locals to Mt. Province. The province was named so for being in the Cordillera Central mountain range
found in the upper realms of Luzon island.

24. Best known Landforms
Trinidad Valley Baguio Plateau

25. Highest Peak of the Region
Mt. Pulag is the highest peak of the region.

26. Three Large Streams
Agno River Chico River Magat River

27. CAR Region
The region has cool and invigorating temperature. An adequate amount of
rainfall and the dry seasons last only about three months.

28. Economic Resources

29. Banaue Rice Terraces
The most extensive and considered the eight wonders of the world.

30. ❖The principal agricultural crops are: rice, camote, vegetables, strawberries
and coffee.
❖Fertile Trinidad Valley of Ifugao is known as vegetable garden of the
Philippines.
❖Important economic resources: timber, minerals and water.
❖Valuable resources: gold, copper and silver.
❖Baguio district- is the leading gold producer of the country while Lepanto
copper ore ate being exploited commercially.

31. Ambuklao-Binga Multi-Purpose Dam
Ambuklao-Binga Multi Purpose dam- provides a good source of water that can light the
whole of Northern and Central Luzon as well as National Capital Region. The total
Ambuklao-Binga Project when completely developed will generate more than 400,000
kilowatts.

32. CULTURAL ASPECTS
❖20% are still Pagans, the rest are professing the Christian faith.
❖The natives of the region are collectively known as Igorots, but the name
encompasses several groups including Ibalois, Ifugaos, Bontocs, Kalingas and Isneg
of the provinces of Kalinga and Apayao.
❖Abra populated mostly by Ilocanos and Tingguians.
❖Baguio- summer capital of the Philippines. There are also tourist attractions of the
regions these are waterfalls and spring in Abra, Trinidad Valley which is 300 ft below
Baguio City, the caves in Sagada and Rice Terraces in Banaue.

33. Cagayan Valley
It consists of five provinces occupying the northern-most portion of Luzon, Batanes,
Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya and Quirino.

34. CAGAYAN RIVER
Cagayan River-is the longest and the largest river in the Philippines.

35. Economic Resources
 Batanes is made up of two major island groups: Babuyan and Bataan Islands.
 Y'ami the northernmost island of the country is barely 50 miles away from Taiwan
which is separated from it by the Bashi Channel.

36. Principal Crops
Rice, corn, and tobacco.

37. CULTURAL ASPECTS
 Tuguegarao the capital of Cagayan Province, is the largest town of the region.
 Cagayan River is now trading center of southern Cagayan and northern Isabela.
 Nueva Vizcaya is the twin towns of Bayombong and Solano which are only a
few miles apart.
 The inhabitants of the region are mostly Ibanags, Gaddangs, and Ilocanos.
Cagayan Valley has a bigger population than the Cordillera Administrative
Region.

38. CENTRAL LUZON

39. Physical Environment
 Central Luzon is generally located in the island of Luzon and is bounded on the
north by the province of Pangasinan, on the east by the Sierra Madre, on
Eastern Cordillera; on the south by Manila Bay and the province of Rizal; and
on the west by the China Sea.
 It is subdivided into two geographic units: Western Cordillera and the Central
Plain.

40. Western Cordillera
Western Cordillera - which comprises the provinces of Zambales and Bataan, is a
hilly and rugged region.

41. Central Plain
Central Plain - which is situated east of the Zambales mountain range, is the
largest level low land is the entire country, it is made up of quaternary alluvium.

42. ECONOMIC RESOURCES
 Agriculture, fishing, mining and lumbering
 Main agriculture crops: rice, sugar, coconut and mangoes.
 Zambales has two good harbors situated on the boarders of Subic Bay , those
at Subic and Olongapo.
 Mining and mineral industries are important to the economy of Zambales. Its
chromited deposit is the largest not only in the Philippimes but also in thr
Orient.

43.  Central Plain of Luzon is the rice granary of the Philippines, producing about
one-third of the rice harvest of the country. Rice, sugar, tobacco, corn, peanuts,
sweet potatoes and vegetables are the principal agricultural crops of the Central
Plain.

44.  Iron and limestone deposits are found in Bulacan.
 Tarlac has copper deposits and asbestos.

45.  Pampanga has sizeable deposit of its clay.

46. CULTURAL SETTING
 The provinces of and Zambales are sometimes referred to as the "home of the
aborigines".
 Aborigines means a person, animal, or plant that has been in a country or
region from earliest times.

47. Two important cities of Central Luzon
 Angeles City  Olongapo City