Advance system Analysis

1. Information Security & Assurance
An Introduction to Information Systems

2. Basic Questions
• What is information?
• What is a system?
• What is an information system?
• What is it good for?

3. Data vs. Information
DATA
Raw Facts
•Hours Worked
•Pay Scale
•Overtime def
•Overtime Scale
INFO
Useful, valuable
Facts:
•Total Paycheck
Applying
Knowledge
Base

4. Characteristics of Valuable
Information
•Availability
•Purpose
•Mode or
Format
•Decay
•Rate
•Frequency
•Accurate
•Complete
•Economical
•Flexible
•Reliable
•Relevant
•Simple
•Timely
•Verifiable
•Accessible
•Secure

5. System
• A set of elements or components
that interact to accomplish goals

6. Types of Systems
• We can distinguish system on the basis of the
following parameters:
– Elements
– Interactive Behaviors
– Degree of Human Intervention
– Working / Output

7. Classification Chart Systems

8. Types of Systems
• According to Elements
– Abstract Systems
• Also known as conceptual system or Model
• An orderly arrangements of interdependent ideas or
constructs
– Physical Systems
• Set of tangible elements which operate together to
accomplish an objectives

9. Examples of Physical Systems

10. Types of Systems
• According to Interactive Behavior
– Open Systems
• A system that interacts freely with its environment
by taking input and returning output is termed as
‘Open System’
– Closed Systems
• A system that does not interact with the
environment nor changes with the change of
environment is termed as ‘Close System’

12. Types of Systems
• According to the degree of Human Intervention
– Manual Systems
• Where data collection, manipulation, maintenance and
final reporting are carried out absolutely by human efforts
– Automated Systems
• Where computers or microprocessors are used to carry
out all the tasks mentioned above.

13. Types of Systems
• According to working / Output
– Deterministic System
• Operates in a predictable manner wherein the
interaction among the parts is known with certainly.
– Probabilistic System
• Can be described in terms of probable behavior, but
a certain degree of errors is always attached to the
prediction of what the system will do

14. A general model of the system

15. Information System (IS)
• Information System
– A set of interrelated elements or components
that
• collect (input),
• manipulate (process), and
• disseminate (output) data and information
• and provide a feedback mechanism
to meet an objective.

16. Information System Components

17. Information System Components
Input
Boundary
Input: the
activity of
gathering and
capturing raw
data
Processing:
converting or
transforming
data into useful
outputs
Output
Feedback
Output: production
of useful
information:
documents and
reports
Feedback: output
that is used to
make changes to
input or
processing

18. Computer-Based Information Systems
CBIS: Composed of
hardware, software,
databases,
telecommunications,
people, and procedures
that are configured to
collect, manipulate, store,
and process data into
information.

19. CBIS Components
• Hardware
– Computer equipment used to perform
input, processing, and output activities
• Software
– Computer programs that govern the
operation of the computer
• Database
– Organized collection of facts and
information

20. CBIS Components
• Telecommunications
– Electronic transmission of signals for
communications; enables organizations to
link computer systems into effective
networks.
Network
 Connected computers and computer
equipment that enable electronic
communications.

21. CBIS Components
 Internet
 The world’s largest telecommunications
network consisting of thousands of
interconnected networks

22. CBIS Components
• People
– The most important elements in most CBIS
• Procedures
– Strategies, policies, methods, and rules for
using CBIS (Process).

23. Types of IS at different Level

24. Types of IS at different Level
•Operation Support Systems
•Transaction Processing System
•Management Information Systems
•Enterprise Resource Planning Systems

25. MIS: “An integrated user-machine system designed for providing information to
support operational control, management control and decision making functions
in an organization”.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is one of the
latest high-end solutions that seek to streamline and
integrate operation processes and information flows in the
company to
synergize the five major resources of an organization namely
men, money, machine, materials and market.

26. Types of IS at different Level
•Management Support Systems
•Decision Support System
•Executive Information Systems
•Expert Systems

27. Types of IS at different Level

28. TPS
MIS
DSS
ES
Information Systems
• Information Systems assist us in
1. Collecting and storing pertinent information
about our business or organization.
2. Analyzing that information in order to judge
the state of our business or organization.
3. Making difficult decisions regarding our
business or organization.
4. Automating the knowledge and skills of
experts.

29. The Formal Information Systems
• TPS: Transaction Processing System
• MIS: Management Information System
• DSS: Decision Support System
• ES: Expert System
– An artificial intelligence (AI) discipline.

30. Business Information Systems
• Transaction
– Any business related exchange.
• Transaction processing system
– A CBIS used to record completed
business transactions.
–Well suited for for basic business
tasks such as customer billing

31. A Payroll Transaction Processing System

32. Management Information System
– A CBIS used to provide routine
information to managers and decision
makers.

33. Management Information System (MIS)
(Help do things right)
Report on number
of components
produced
Report on number
of components
that need to be
sold
Report on budget

34. Decision Support Systems
• CBIS used to support problem-specific
decision making.
• Well suited to complex problems.

35. Essential DSS Elements

36. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Expert
Systems
• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
– A field that involves computer systems taking on
the characteristics of human intelligence
• Expert Systems (ES)
– Give the computer the ability to make
suggestions and act like an expert in a particular
field.
– Expert’s knowledge and skill is embedded in
system.

37. The Major Elements of Artificial Intelligence

38. Organizing tthhee IITT FFuunnccttiioonn
The information systems department is
responsible for maintaining:
• Hardware
• Software
• Data storage
• Networks

39. Information TTeecchhnnoollooggyy SSeerrvviicceess

40. IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn TTeecchhnnoollooggyy SSeerrvviicceess
IInncclluuddeess SSppeecciiaalliissttss::
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ssooffttwwaarree iinnssttrruuccttiioonnss ffoorr ccoommppuutteerrss
• Systems analysts: TTrraannssllaattee bbuussiinneessss pprroobblleemmss
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oorrggaanniizzaattiioonn
• Information system managers: LLeeaaddeerrss ooff vvaarriioouuss
ssppeecciiaalliissttss

41. IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn TTeecchhnnoollooggyy SSeerrvviicceess
IInncclluuddeess SSppeecciiaalliissttss:: ((CCoonnttiinnuueedd))
• Chief Information Officer (CIO): SSeenniioorr mmaannaaggeerr iinn
cchhaarrggee ooff iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn ssyysstteemmss ffuunnccttiioonn iinn tthhee ffiirrmm
• End users: DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt rreepprreesseennttaattiivveess oouuttssiiddee tthhee
iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn ssyysstteemm ddeeppaarrttmmeenntt ffoorr wwhhoomm
aapppplliiccaattiioonnss aarree ddeevveellooppeedd