4. Norms
Roles
Ideologies
Beliefs
Philosophy
Unseen Culture Just below the Surface – behaviour based
Thinking
Courtesy
Concept of Time
Personal Space
Rules of Conduct
Facial Expressions
Non-Verbal
Body Language etc
Ways of life
Laws and customs
Methods
Institutions
Techniques
Rituals
Language
Visible Culture Above the Surface – action based
Doing
Food
Dress
Art
Language
Music
Celebrations etc
Values
Attitudes
Cosmology
Assumptions
Expectations
Myths
Deep Culture Deep below the Surface – value based
Feeling
Concepts of Time
Notions of Modesty
Courtship Practices
Notions of Leadership
Decision Making
Concept of ‘Self’
Ideals of Childrearing
Emotional Load:
High
Emotional Load:
Relatively Low
Emotional Load:
Intense
CULTURE ICEBERG

5. Contacts
When Waiting in a Queue
Handling Problems
Punctuality
www.yangliudesign.com

6. Pouting means?
Develop Cultural Competence
Different Meanings of the Same Gesture
A pose for a photo
Sulking
Showing direction
Having no idea
Saying “no”

10. One tells many Passed on through Relationship Network
Knowledge Transfer
Western Indigenous

13. Biblical
Truth
Personal
Context
Theology
“Every interpretation of the gospel
is embodied in some cultural form”
Impact of Context on
Communicating the Gospel
Lesslie Newbigin

14. Biblical
Truth
Western
Cultural
Context
Theology
Indigenous
Cultural
Context
Theology
Cross Cultural Context & Theology

15. Different Worldviews
Work deals with the immediate
Traditional ways valued
Experience & relationship oriented
Time is cyclic
Focus on persons and relationships
Related to the land
Ownership is communal
Elders are already within kinship
Adapt to environment
Knowledge is owned by people
Decisions made by consensus
Security from interactions in community
Celebrates mystery
Group responsibility
Work is future oriented
Change is good
Time, planning & assessment oriented
Time is linear
Focus on tasks and principles
Buy/own & sell land
Ownership earned by individual hard work
Leadership is decided by voting
Exploit environment
Knowledge is shared and challenged
Decisions are made to a deadline
Security from role or title in society
Explains mystery
Personal responsibility & independence
Western Indigenous

20. • Serve Contexts within Contexts
• Contextualisation
• Be Cultural Allies
• Transformative Learning
The Challenge
We need an authentic commitment to: