The document discusses direct and indirect speech. It explains that indirect speech restates what a speaker said without using quotation marks and typically changes pronouns, possessives, and verb tenses. Some examples are provided of changing direct speech to indirect speech based on these rules. Exceptions to the tense rules for universal truths, customary events, and famous quotations are also noted. The document provides a table comparing the typical changes between direct and indirect speech for various tenses and time expressions. It then gives additional examples of converting direct speech to indirect speech.

1. DIRECT &INDIRECT SPEECH

2. • When we want to restate what exactly what a speaker
uttered, we use indirect speech or also called
reported speech.we use no quotation marks and we
frequently change the pronoun and possesive adjective
from one person to another, and we have to follow the
sequence of tenses.
• In an indirect statement we add the conjunction
that.
• In an in imperative, we use “ to infinitive”
• In question yes or No we use if/whether.
• In question word we do not change except in tenses.
DIRECT &INDIRECT SPEECH

3. Direct speech Indirect speech
Present Continuous
S+is/am/are+v1+ing
Past Continuous
S+was/were+verb-ing
Simple Present
S+verb 1
Simple Past
S+verb 2
Simple Past
S+verb 2
Past Pefect
S+had+verb 3
Present Perfect
S+have/has+v 3
Past Perfect
S+had+v3
Present Future
S+will/to be going to+v1
Past Future
S+would/tobe going to +v 1
Modals
Can,may,must+infinitive
Modals
Could, might,had
to+infinitive
The changes of tenses

4. The changes in adverbs
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Here
Now
Ago
Today /tonight
Yesterday
Tomorrow
Last week/last month
Tomorrow morning /afternoon
Next week/month
There
Then
Before/earlier
That day/that night
The day before/the previousday
The following day/the next day
The week before/the month
before
The following morning/afterno
The following week/month

5. We don’t follow the rules of tenses dealing with the
following:
 a.A universal truth
 The little boy said that five and four are nine.
 b.A customary event
 Nani told me that the bus arrives in every fifteen
minutes.
 c.A famous quotation or a familiar saying.
 Franklin Delano said that we have nothing to fear but
fear itself.

6. Example
 1.They said,”We really appreciate your help,Greg.”
 They told Greg that they reallyappreciated his help.
 2.The teacher asked the students,”Why do you come late?”
 The teacher asked the students why they came late.
 3.My uncle asked me,”Can you drive a car?”
 My uncle asked me if/whether I could drive a car.
 4.Jony shouted aloud,”Mark ,give the ball back to me!”
 Jony shouted aloud to Mark to give the ball back to him.
 5.My father told me,”Don’t go to the river alone!”
 My father told me not to go to the river alone.

7. Change into indirect speech!
1.Edy asked me,”Why didn’t you come to Emy’s party lastweek?”
Edy asked me why I had not come to Emy’s party lastweek
2.Gerald said,”I am going to renovate my house.”
Gerald said that he was going to renovate my house.
3.Tom and Gery begged,”Please lend us some money!”
Tom and gery begged to lend some money .
4.The reporter interviewed me,”Did you cath a clear sigth of the robber?”
The reporter interviewed me if I had catch a clear sigth of the robber.
5.Jim asked Pam,”what did you do when I was away on business last Wednesday?”
Jim asked pam what he had done when jim had been away on business
last Wednesday?
6.He suddenly whispered,”Are you here to face your destiny?”
He suddenly whispered if he was here to face my destiny
7.The gardener told us,”Keep away from the wet chair!”
The gardener told us to Keep away from the wet chair.
8.Tino told Bima,”I met a beautiful girl in the mall last night.”
Tino told Bima that he met a beautiful girl in the mall the night before

8. 1. ‘What do you want?’ she asked him.
She asked him what he wanted.
2. ‘Are you coming with us?’ he asked me.
he asked me if he was coming with them.
3. He asked, ‘When do you intend to make the payment?’
He asked when I intended to make the payment.
4. ‘Do you come from China?’ said the prince to the girl.
the prince said to the girl if she came from china.
5. The poor man exclaimed, ‘Will none of you help me?’
The poor man exclaimed if none of us help him.
6. ‘Which way should I go?’ asked the little girl.
The little girl asked which way should she go.
7. Alladin said to the magician, ‘What have I done to deserve so severe a
punishment?’
Alladin said to the magician what he had done to deserve so severe a
punishment.
8. ‘Don’t you know the way home?’ I said to her.
I asked to her if she didn’t know the way home.

9. 9. ‘Do you write a good hand?’ the teacher said to the student.
the teacher asked to the student if he/she wrote a good hand.
10. ‘Have you anything to say on behalf of the accused?’ said the judge finally.
Tha judge finally asked if I had anything to say on behalf of the accused.
11. ‘Have you anything to tell me, little bird?’ asked Ulysses.
12. ‘Who are you, sir, and what do you want?’ they asked.
13. The king was impressed with the magician and asked, ‘What can I do for you?’
14. She asked, ‘What is it that makes you stronger and braver than other men?’
15. ‘Can you solve this problem?’ he asked me.
he asked me if he could solve this problem.

10. THANKYOU
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