A B C of cultivation of documented Medicinal and Aromatic Plants By Allah Dad Khan

3. Cultivation Techniques of
Documented , Medicinal and
Aromatic Plants in Pakistan
A Presentation
By
Mr.Allah Dad Khan
allahdad52@gmail.com

4. Bifurcation of Presentation
1. Awareness about MAP,s
2. Capacity Building and Training
3. Cultivation of Map,s a Technique
4. Package of Technology for MAP,s
5. Winter Season MAP,s Cultivation
6. Summer Season MAP,s Cultivation
7. Shrubs and trees cultivation
8. Some Glimpses of MAP,s
9. Question Answer Session

7. Awareness
About
Medicinal
Plants

10. Medicinal herb in Pakistan
1) In Pakistan almost 2000 medicinal plants exists.However few
are exploited and 90 % of the country medicinal herb
requirement is imported .
2) About 50% populate in Pakistan cure using traditional medicines
3) There are more than 40000 traditional herb practitioners.
4) Agriculture Research and development have been focused
mainly on major crops and to some extent on minor crops .
5) The medicinal herbs and spices have been ignored altogether as
a result this sector is facing problems such as

11. Important medicinal plant species of Khyber Pakhtun Khwa
Province , Kashmir and Baluchistan and Sindh
Plant names Parts used Approximate
Annual Yield (tons)
Aconitum chasmanthum
(Atees)
Roots 5
Aconitum heterophyllum
(Atees)
Roots 1
Acontium sp. (Atees) Leaves 7
Adianthum capillus Whole plant 120
Angelica glauca Roots 7
Artemisia vulgaris Leaves/ shoots 148
Atropa acuminate
(angoori shafa)
Roots 74
Berberis lyceum(Dar
choob)
Roots 300
Dioscorea deltoidea Rhizome 148
Dioscorea deltoidea
(Kartha)
Twigs 233
.

12. Important medicinal plant species of Khyber Pakhtun Khwa
Province , Kashmir and Baluchistan and Sindh
Plant names Parts used Approximate
Annual Yield (tons)
Geranium wallichianum (Lejahari) Roots 18
Myrtus communs Fruits 45
Paeonia emodi( Mamekh) Rhizome 99
Podophyllum emodi (Ban kakri) Rhizome 55
Polygonum amplexicauler(bandok) Roots 27
Rheum emodi ( Rewand chini) Roots 259
Saxifraga ciliate ( Roots 37
Thymus serphyllum ( Ban Ajwain) Leaves 7
Valeriana wallichii ( Muski Bala) Rhizome 148
Zizyphus vulgaris (Unab) Fruits 30
.

13. Issues Faced by Communities in
Production of Medicinal Plants in In
Pakistan
1) Depletion of existing stock and presently most of the
MA plants are found scattered in the distant areas.
2) Threat to genetic erosion due to indiscriminate
exploitation by the collectors .
3) Quality deterioration by stake holders
4) Few species are reported endanger to the extinct.
5) Development of the technology of propagation and
regeneration of MA plants in their natural habitat.
6) Conservation of MA Plants

14. Opportunities for Cultivation of of
medicinal plants
I. Low cost: herbals are relatively inexpensive and the cost
of pharmaceuticals is rising
II. Drug resistance: the need for alternative treatments for
drug-resistant pathogens
III. Limitations of medicine: the existence of ailments without
an effective pharmaceutical treatment
IV. Medicinal value: laboratory and clinical corroboration of
safety and efficacy for a growing number of medicinal
plants
V. Cultural exchange: expanding contact and growing
respect for foreign cultures, including alternative systems of
medicine
VI. Commercial value: growing appreciation of trade and
other commercial economic opportunities represented by
medicinal plants

15. Economics of cultivation of MAP
1. Most of the world's supply of medicinal herbs is
obtained by wild collection (often
called "wildcrafting"), not by cultivation.
2. There are still many minor medicinal plant
species in Country that are abundant in nature
and can be collected in a sustainable fashion.
3. However, because of shrinking wild resources
and a strengthening sentiment that biodiversity
should be preserved, cultivation is becoming
increasingly important.

16. Economic opportunities and
cultivation of MAP
4. Cultivation offers the possibility of not
only preserving economically
important wild plants in their natural
habitats, but also of providing farmers
with new crops.
5. Domestic and foreign markets for
medicinal plants are growing rapidly.

17. Cultivation of
Medicinal
Plants
A Technique

18. Capacity
Building
Training and
Visit

29. Cultivation of
Medicinal
Plants
A Technique

30. MEDICINAL PLANTS CULTIVATION
a. A variety of medicinal plants grow in the
temperate hilly region of Pakistan. These plants
gained importance in the allopathic system of
medicine .
b. Plants such as Digitalis purpurea,Atropa
belladonna, Colchicum sp. (Suranjan talkh), and
many others were used in British and American
pharmacopoeias
c. This has resulted in the depletion of the existing
stock and presently most of the plants are found
scattered in the distant areas.

31. CULTIVATION OF MEDICINAL
PLANTS contd
d. Some other species are also endangered
through indiscriminate exploitation by the
collectors. For quite a few of these valuable
plants, either the quality has deteriorated or
they have become extinct.
e. Development of the technology of propagation
and regeneration of medicinal plants in their
natural habitat is essential for the conservation
of this natural resource.
f. Studies carried out by the Medicinal Plants
Branch have revealed that temperate medicinal
plants acquire perennial habits and therefore
take more time to reach the stage of
commercial exploitation.

32. Advantages of cultivation of medicinal crops has many
advantages. These include:
As compared to the traditional crops,
1. Medicinal crops provide better returns than traditional crops.
2. Have very high domestic and export demand.
3. Fetch better prices in the market.
4. Could be stored for a long time, and sold at a time when
better prices prevail in the market;
5. Some Plants are largely drought tolerant, and not easily
grazed by animals.
6. Have low incidence of pest attacks and diseases.
7. Require minimum resources, therefore the cost of cultivation
is lower compared to the traditional crops.
8. Could be raised as inter-crops, along with traditional crops,
and also on degraded lands.

33. WORLD IN 21st CENTURY
1. 100% increase in World’s population (12 billion
by the year 2035).
2. 50% reduction in forests cover.
3. Life expectancy close to 100 years in most parts
of the world.
4. World resources of fossil fuel will be totally
consumed.
Medicinal Plant products are used through out world
as
i. Foodstuffs
ii. Flavoring agents and spices
iii. Perfumes and cosmetics
iv. Pharmaceutical and biological agents
v. Recreational substances

34. CULTIVATION OF MEDICINAL
PLANTS contd
In country cultivation of medicinal plants is
very intermittent.Definately the medicinal
plants are not alternative in major crops.
These must be included as minor crops.
Cultivation in Rainfed area
Plants as xerophyte are growing there
potential must be exploited through
awareness and training.

35. Cultivation as intercropping in various cropping
system
Various medicinal plants , keeping in view their growth habit
can be inter cropped in orchids, forest and with major crops .
Cultivation of trees
The deciduous natural medicinal plants require more than
10 to 15 years for harvesting and economic return. These
plants may be planted on separate lands, on slope hill sides
,Banks of canal and water resources.
Weeds as Medicinal Plants
There is a need develop agro technologies to keep theses
weeds as a secondary crop. The farmers can earn an
additional income for collecting and selling different parts of
weeds.

36. Package of
Technology for
Cultivation of
MAP’s

37. Package of technology for medicinal herb
plants
1 Climate As per ecological zone
2 Organic Fertilizers Farm Yard manure, compost /biopost
3 Soil
Land Preparation
Loamy Soil preferred
Through one to two Ploughing
Followed by planking
4 Seed Choosing Seeds and seedlings
Next in line comes choosing the seeds. The best
option would be to choose disease resistant varieties

38. Package of technology for medicinal herb
plants Contd
5 Seed availability
Method of seeding/sowing
Through reliable source
Planting Seeds One by One
The Scatter Method/ broadcast
Transplanting Seedlings/ nursery
6 Irrigation Through Taps , Bucket irrigation, Drip Irrigation which ever is
feasible
7 Insect Pests and Diseases To be controlled through expert advice
8 Harvesting Proper maturity level or as directed

39. Package of technology for medicinal
plants contd
9 Collection of seed
/leaves/roots/stem
Collection as directed by expert
And farmers own experience
10 Cleaning/Drying Dry in Sunlight / shade as recommended
By researchers
11 Grading As per demand of the market
12 Packing /Packaging As Per quality and ingredients

40. Package of technology for medicinal plants
contd
13 Store Cool Dry Places
14 Transport to market Immediately or on the time
The dealers desired for it
15 Marketing Local/Provincial/National/International
Seek advice from experts about quantity,
do not compromise on quality, as quality
speaks.

41. Winter
Season
MAP
Cultivation

42. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants
(Winter season) contd
# Name Time of
sowing
Distan
ce
from
Line to
Line
Cm
Flowering
Time
Time of
Harvestin
g
Yield per
Hectare in Kgs
1 Ajwain ( Khurasani) Sept-Oct 36 March May -June 500-550
2 Ajwain desi Sept-Oct 36 March April- May 350-400
3 Alsi Oct-Nov 30 Feb April-May 700-800
4 Kalwonji Sep-Oct 30 March April-May 550-644

43. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants
(Winter season)
# Name Time of
sowing
Distance
from
Line to
Line Cm
Flowerin
g Time
Time of
Harvesting
Yield per
Hectare in
Kgs
5 Tukhume balango Sept-Oct 30 Feb April 450-600
6 Malathi Sept-Oct 100 ----- After three
to 4 years
4000-5000
7 Kuth Oct-Nov
(roots)
Pots --- After 3
Years

44. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Winter
Season Contd
# Name Time of
sowing
Distance
from Line
to Line
Cm
Flowering
Time
Time of
Harvesti
ng
Yield per
Hectare
in Kgs
8 Zeera Sufaid Dec-Jan Broadcast --- Feb 350-375
9 Zeera Kala Sept-
Oct
35 Nov Dec 375-400
10 Coriander Aug-
Sept
Broadcast ---- Oct-Nov 6000-
7000
fresh

45. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Winter
Season Contd
# Name Time of
sowing
Distance
from Line to
Line Cm
Flowering
Time
Time
of
Harves
ting
Yield
per
Hectare
in Kgs
11 Methi July-Aug Broadcast Sept-
Nov
6000-
12 Mehindi June -sept 45 --- March -
June
1500-
3000
13 Aspaghool Sept- Oct 15-20 Feb March -
April
450-500

46. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Winter
Season Contd
# Name Time of
sowing
Distance
from Line
to Line
Cm
Flowerin
g Time
Time of
Harvesting
Yield per
Hectare
in Kgs
15 Rai Oct-Nov 36 Feb March-April 300-350
16 Soyia Oct-Nov 36 Feb March -April 400-500
17 Kali Zeeri Aug-Sept 50 Nov Dec-Jan 200-250

47. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Winter
Season Contd
# Name Time of
sowing
Distance
from Line
to Line
Cm
Flowerin
g Time
Time of
Harvesting
Yield per
Hectare
in Kgs
18 Kao Oct-Nov 36 -- Feb-March 400-450
19 Meethra Sept-Oct 36 --- March-April 400-500
20 Haloon Oct-Nov 36 -- March-April 300-400

48. Summer
Season
MAP,s
Cultivation

49. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants
Summer Season
# Name Time of
sowing
Distance
from Line
to Line
Cm
Flowe
ring
Time
Time of
Harvesting
Yield per
Hectare in
Kgs
1 Adrak March-April 45 --- Dec-Jan 20000-
25000Fresh
2 Gekhwar (Aloe vera
)
March Pots --- After 4 Years 15000
Fresh
3 Choongan(seed) July Pots --- ----
4 Haldi March-April 45 --- Dec-Jan 20000 to
25000
Fresh

50. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants
Summer Season contd
# Name Time of
sowing
Distance
from Line
to Line
Cm
Flowe
ring
Time
Time of
Harvesting
Yield per
Hectare in
Kgs
5 Pudina Feb-March 30 --- 15-20cm
Stage
200-250
6 Saunf March -April 45 --- June-July 1695
7 KilKil Feb-March 50 --- Oct-Nov 160-200

51. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants
Summer Season contd
# Name Time of
sowing
Distanc
e from
Line to
Line Cm
Floweri
ng
Time
Time of
Harvest
ing
Yield per
Hectare in
Kgs
8 Babchi March-
April
40-50 -- July -
Dec
1000-1200
9 Lemon Grass Feb-
March
50 Nov-
Dec
June -
Aug
25000-30000
10 Koortuma March-
April
50 --- June -
July
8000-1000

52. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants
Summer Season contd
# Name Time of
sowing
Distance
from
Line to
Line Cm
Flowerin
g Time
Time of
Harvesti
ng
Yield per
Hectare
in Kgs
11 Kulfa March-
June
25 --- April-Aug 1000 kg
saag
12 Till July 45 Oct-Nov
13 Castor July-Aug 3 meter ---- Nov 800

53. Cultivation of
Shrubs and
Trees

54. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants /trees
Akhroot Alubukhara Apple Apricot
Anjeer Amrood Annarr Aamm
Amla Ashokk Amaltas Angoor
Avacado Ananas Bakian
Badam Ber Bhai Bankhoor
Baikar

55. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants /trees
contd
Chakotra Cheeko Chalghoza Coconut
Falsa Fig
Gul e mohar Gardinia Gule Nishtar Gilgil
Harida

56. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants /trees
contd
Jaman Jatropa
Kikar Kiliari Kachnar Khajoor
Kajoo Kela Lasura Mahrukh
Mitha Malta Moringa
Nimbo Narial Neem Nashpati

57. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants /trees
contd
Papita Pecan Nut Pista Phulai
Persimon Papaya Pecan nut Ritha
Sebakthorn Sohanjna Shaftalo Sharifa
Strawberry Toot Tea Timber

58. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants /trees
Unab

59. Some
Glimpses of
MAP,s

62. Tulsi

63. Aloe vera

64. Lemon Grass

65. Dhania

66. Methi

67. Haldi ( Turmeric)

68. Milk Thistle

69. Rose Mary

70. Parsley

71. Podophyllum

72. Kalonji ( Nigella Sativa)

73. Peppermint

75. Lemon Balm

76. Pot Marigold

77. Tea Tree

78. Fennel

79. Oyster Mushroom

80. Jamun

81. Olive

82. Chamomile

83. Choongan

85. Question Answer Session