This document provides an introduction to research. It defines research as diligent, systematic inquiry to discover or revise facts and theories. The goal of research is to understand its basic aspects and conduction. Some key points made include that research is done to solve problems, face challenges and gain intellectual joy. Research methodologies include quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods approaches. The scientific method uses deductive and inductive reasoning. Steps in conducting research involve determining a theory, literature review, defining variables, developing hypotheses, participant selection, testing, analysis, determining significance and communicating results. Research is governed by ethical standards.

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2. INTRODUCTION
TO RESEARCH
WESAM TALAL ABUZNADAH MD MED FRCS(C) RPVI
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, CONSULTANT VASCULAR & ENDOVASCULAR SURGERY
HEAD, RESEARCH PROMOTION& EDUCATION
KING ABDULLAH INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER
KING SAUD BIN ABDULAZIZ UNIVERSITY FOR HEALTH SCIENCES
KING ABDULAZIZ MEDICAL CITY -JEDDAH
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3. GOAL
Understand the basic aspects of research and its conduction
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4. OUTLINE
 Introduction and background to research.
 Why do research….?
 Strategies of inquiry.
 Research methodologies.
 Steps in conducting research.
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5. WHAT IS RESEARCH ??????
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6. RESEARCH IS……
“DILIGENT AND
SYSTEMATIC INQUIRY OR
INVESTIGATION INTO A
SUBJECT IN ORDER TO
DISCOVER OR REVISE
FACTS, THEORIES, APPLICA
TIONS, ETC.”
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7. IN SIMPLE TERMS….
RESEARCH IS FINDING
OUT WHAT YOU DON’T
ALREADY KNOW
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8. WHAT ARE THE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH?
ORGANIZED
STRUCTURED
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9. A WISEMAN ONCE SAID…..
“IF YOU HAVEN'T LEARNED
MORE THAN YOUR AUDIENCE
ALREADY KNOWS, THERE IS
NOTHING FOR YOU TO
SHARE………………………….
THUS YOU DO RESEARCH”
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10. WHY DO RESEARCH?
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11. WHY DO RESEARCH?
• To get a degree
• To get respectability
• To serve society
• To solve a problem
• To face a challenge
• To get intellectual joy
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12. HISTORY
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13. DEDUCTIVE REASONING
General
Specific
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14. DEDUCTIVE REASONING
Green vegetables are a source of fiber
Spinach is a green vegetable
Spinach is a source of fiber
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15. INDUCTIVE REASONING
Specific
General
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16. INDUCTIVE REASONING
Spinach, lettuce, and broccoli are sources of fiber
Spinach, lettuce, and broccoli prevent constipation
Fiber prevents constipation
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17. SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Deductive reasoning
Develop a theory
Inductive reasoning
(to support theory)
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18. SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Fiber prevents constipation
Spinach, lettuce, and broccoli are sources of fiber
Rice, bread, and pasta are poor sources of fiber
Spinach, lettuce, and broccoli prevent constipation
Rice, bread, and pasta do not prevent constipation
Fiber containing foods prevent constipation more
than foods which are a poor source of fiber
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19. STRATEGIES OF INQUIRY
General procedures of research
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20. STRATEGIES OF INQUIRY
Quantitative
Qualitative
Mixed Methods
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21. STRATEGIES OF INQUIRY
Quantitative Qualitative Mixed
Methods
Non-experimental Narratives Sequential
designs
Phenomenologies Concurrent
Experimental
designs Ethnographies
Grounded theory
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22. METHODS
Detailed procedures of data collection, analysis, and writing
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23. Quantitative Qualitative Mixed Methods
• Predetermined • Emerging methods • Both
predetermined
• Instrument based • Open-ended and emerging
questions questions methods
• Performance • Interview data, • Both open- and
data, observation data, closed-ended
observational document data & questions
data, audiovisual data
and census data • Multiple forms of
• Text and image data drawing on all
• Statistical analysis possibilities
analysis
• Statistical & text
analysis
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24. STUDY DESIGN
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25. STUDY DESIGN
• Systematic review and meta-analysis
• Randomized controlled trial
• Cohort study
• Case-control study
• Cross sectional survey
• Case report/series
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26. STEPS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH
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27. DETERMINE
A THEORY
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28. PERFORM A
LITERATURE
SEARCH
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29. DEFINE THE
VARIABLES
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30. DEVELOP
THE
HYPOTHESIS
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31. SELECT YOUR
PARTICIPANTS
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32. TEST YOUR
PARTICIPANTS
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33. ANALYZE
THE
RESULTS
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34. DETERMINE
THE
SIGNIFICANCE
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35. COMMUNICATE
THE RESULTS
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36. REPLICATE
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37. WHAT GOVERNS RESEARCH?
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38. QUESTIONS
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39. THANK YOU
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