1. WIRLESS NETWORK CLOUD /MOBILE CLOUD
COMPUTING (MCC)
Student Name-Aashish Pande
Student ID-39920573
ABSTRACT
With the growth of the mobile communication network,from third-generation to fourth-
generation networks,technologies in the mobile industry continue to consider advanced
wireless network architecture that have the potential to reduce networking costs and
provide increased flexibility with respect to network features.In this report,we propose
the Wireless Network Cloud (WNC),a wireless system architecture for a wireless access
network.This system makes use of emerging cloud-computing technology and various
technologies involved with wireless infrastructure.Mobile cloud applications move the
computing power and data storage away from the mobile devices and into powerful and
centralized computing platforms located in clouds,which are then accessed over the
wireless connection based on a thin native client.
SUMMARY
Based on open information technology architecture,the WNC provides all the necessary
and processing resources for a wireless access network operating in a cloud mode.Note
that it is useful to separate the hardware and software for different wireless standards
and various services and business models,as well as to meet the new system
requirements for emerging wireless technologies,such as collaborative processing at
different scales of network use.We analyze several imporatant system challenges
involving computational requirements of virtual base stations,I/O throughput and timing
networks for synchronization.Based on current information technologies,we make
several suggestions with respect to future system design.We further discuss the
application,issues and advantages related to Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC).

2. INTRODCUTION
Radio Access Network (RAN) is the key infrastructure in mobile communication
network.Todays wireless towers send data to mobile devices over Radio Access
Network (RAN).Each RAN base station can only connect with a limited number of
antennas (which is the leading reason for dropped calls between stations).
Ripping,replacing,or even just updating these base stations is costly,a single station can
cost upwards of $100,000.In addition,network voice call load-what the base stations
were originally built to manage is low and underutilized,while the network can’t meet the
growing demand for services offered through mobile devices.Furthermore,base stations
typically don’t communicate well with one another because they’re proprietary,and
different generations of systems must meet different regulatory standards.
WNC changes this existing wireless communication infrastructure by integrating multi-
core processors,high speed system interconnects,virtualization technology and cloud
computing.It provides consolidated support for todays multi-standard and multi-system
software radio communication on a cluster of general purpose servers.That means radio
frequencies will be generated by software,rather than by todays incompatible RAN base
stations.
Figure below shows how the servers are interconnected in a cloud controlling the base
stations for the different services using the respective softwares.
Mobile devices face many resource challenges (battery life,storage,bandwidth
etc).Mobile cloud computing provides mobile users with data storage and processing
services in clouds,obviating the need to have a powerful device configuration (eg CPU
speed,memory capacity etc),as all resource-intensive computing can be performed in
the cloud.
GSM RF header
WiMAX RF header
WCDMA RF header
WCDMA RF header
GSM RF header
LTE RF header
Resource
manager
Server for BS
LTE
WiMAX
GSM
WiMAX
WCDMA
WCDMA
WCDMA
GSM
GSM
Server for Access
GW
Timing Network
over IP/Eth
Server for Access
GW

3. WIRELESS NETWORK CLOUD ARCHITECTURE
The wireless signal-processing of the base station are handled by the Open Wireless
System Cloud (OWSC) framework as well as related management functions in the core
network.
OWSC framework
The virtual base stations (VBS) in the cloud replace the traditional base stations.

4. The Remore Radio Header (RRH) is used to decouple the radio header from the base
station.
The radio header is equipped with a transceiving device as well as digital/analog (D/A)
signal and analog/digital (A/D) converters,which convert radio frequency (RF) to digital
intermediate frequency signals (IF).IF signals from different base stations are
backhauled to the computing center using optical fibre. A direct or one-hop connection
to an optical network is provided for each radio header.There are several ongoing
standards which define the transmission protocols between RRH and BS,such as Open
Base Station Architecture Initiative (OBSAI) and Common Public Radio Interface
(CPRI).This structure matches the evolution of the Internet.
The hierarchical structure of traditional networks is being flattened by the cloud.The
distance of the optical backhaul between the RRH and the cloud computing center
would be determined by the size of the centralization scale.Since the cost of the fibre
network is reduced significantly nowadays,the cost to provide the optical backhaul is
realizable.Actually,in current wireless network deployment,the optical backhaul is also
the technical trend.This infrastructure is based on high performance software defined
radios (SDR) running on commercial off the shelf platforms in the cloud.
SDR
BaseStation Pool
Antenna + Remote
Radio Header
Fiber (> 10Km)

5. In a cloud computing center,SDR provides all the expected functions of a wireless
access network,such as modulation/demodulation,channel encoding/decoding,joint
detection,channel measurements,medium access control (MAC),link layer control
(LLC),radio link control (RLC),radio network control (RNC) etc.Almost all of these
computing tasks are implemented by software on N-core general purpose processors
utilizing high degree of parallelism and specially designed accelerators.Scalable
computing cluster with SDR implementation makes it feasible for cooperative wireless
signal processing amongst the virtual base stations.
ADVANTAGES OF WIRELESS NETWORK CLOUD
 System upgrade becomes a software upgrade.
 Software upgrades for different standards makes the network flexible thus
assisting the telecom operators to reduce their network construction costs and
improve resource utilization.
 Sharing processing capabilities between virtualized base stations could further
reduce interference between base stations,and improves network coverage.
 Deployment is much simpler.
 New protocols or improvement in existing protocols can be deployed very quickly
and with low incremental cost.
APPLICATIONS
 iBSP- IT based Base Station supporting Platform,the system software framework
to support high throughput low latency SDR BS workload on IT platform.
 pFAST- PCIe based FPGA acceleration system to provide the I/O and
processing acceleration with high throughput,low latency.
ISSUES of WNC
 Cloud managed wireless solutions offload their configurationor management
duties to the cloud.If the service is out,unavailable or expired you lose the ability
to make configuration changes to your system until the service is restored.
 Performance of the network depends on the choice of platforms and servers.
Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) Popularity
According to a recent study by ABI research,more than 240 million business will use
cloud services through mobile devices by 2015.That traction will push the revenue of

6. mobile cloud computing to $5.2 billion.Mobile cloud computing is a highly promising
trend for the future of mobile computing.
MCC ARCHITECTURE
Mobile devices are connected to the mobile networks via base stations that establish
and control the connections and functional interfaces between the networks and mobile
devices.
Mobile users’ requests and information are transmitted to the central processors that
are connected to servers providing mobile network services.
The subscribers’ requests are delivered to a cloud through the Internet.In the
cloud,cloud controllers process the requests to provide mobile users with the
corresponding cloud services.

7. ADVANTAGES of MCC
1) Extending battery lifetime: Computation offloading migrates large computations
and complex processing from resource-limited devices (i.e. mobile devices) to
resourceful machines (i.e. servers in clouds).
2) Improving data storage capacity and processing power:MCC enables mobile
users to store/access large data on the cloud.
3) Improving reliability and availability : Keeping data and application in the
cloud reduces the chance of losing them on the mobile devices.MCC can be
designed as a comprehensive data security model for both service providers and
users.With data and services in the clouds,they are always (almost) available
when the users are moving.
4) Dynamic Provisioning:Dynamic on-demand provisioning of resources on a fine
grained,self service basis.No need for advanced reservation.
5) Scalability: Mobile applications can be performed and scaled to meet the
unpredictable user demands.Service providers can easily add and expand a
service.
6) Multi-tenancy:Service providers can share the resources and costs to support a
variety of applications and larfe number of users.
7) Ease of integration: Multiple services from different providers can be integrated
easily through the cloud and the Internet to meet user demands.
MCC ISSUES
1) Mobile communication issue:
 Low bandwidth: One of the biggest issue,because the radio resources for
wireless networks is much more scarce than wired networks.
 Service availability: Mobile users may not be able to connect to the cloud to
obtain a service due to traffic congestion,network failures,mobile signal strength
problems.
 Heterogeneity: Handling wireless connectivity with highly heterogenous
networks to satisfy MCC requirements is a difficult problem.
2) Computing issues: computation offloading
 One of the main features of MCC,offloading is not always effective in saving
energy.
 It is critical to determine whether to offload and which portions of the service
codes to offload

8. 3) Privacy Issues:
 Location based services (LBS) faces a privacy issue on mobile users provide
private information such as their current location.
 This problem becomes even worse if an adversary knows users important
information.
MCC APPLICATIONS
1) Mobile commerce: M-Commerce allows business models for commerce using
mobile devices.
2) Mobile Learning:
 M-Learning combines e-learning and mobility.
 Enhanced communication quality between students and teachers.Creates a
natural environment for collaborative learning.
3) Mobile Healthcare:
 M-healthcare is to minimize the limitations of traditional medical treatment (e.g
Small storage,security/privacy,medical errors etc.)
 M-healthcare offers hospitals and healthcare organizations a variety of on-
demand services on clouds.
4) Mobile Gaming:
 M-game is a high potential market generating revenues for service providers.
 M-game can completely offload game engine requiring large computing resource
to the server in the cloud.
5) Other applications:
 Sharing photos/videos.
 Keyword-based,voice-based,tag-based searching.
 Monitoring a house,smart home systems.

9. CONCLUSION
The cloud provides many options for the everyday computer and mobile user as well as
large and small business.It opens up the world of computing to a broader range of users
and increases the ease of use by giving access through any internet connection.
However,with this increased ease also come drawbacks.We have less control over who
chas access to your information and little to no knowledge of where it is stored.The
cloud is a big target for malicious individuals and may have disadvantages because it
can be accessed through an unsecured internet connection.
REFERENCES
1. Wireless Network Cloud:Architecture and System Requirements.
Y.Lin,L Shao,Z Zhu,Q Wang, IBM Journal of Research and Development.
2. Chetan S.,Gautam Kumar,K. Dinesh,Mathew K.and Abhimanyu M.A. ,:Cloud
Computing for Mobile World”.