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How do Marketers Identify
and analyzeCompetition??
•Competitive Frame of
Reference
The competitive frame of reference defines which other
brands a brand competes with and therefore which brands
should be the focus of a competitive analysis.
Identifying Competitiors
Start by determining category membership
CATEGORY MEMBERSHIP
The products or set of products with which a brand
competes and which function as close substitutes.
Examples
Energy Bars
Luna Bars
(Women)
Balance
(Protein
Bars)
Priya
(Calorie Control Bar
ANALYSING
COMPETITORS
A company needs to gather information about
each competitor’s real and perceived
weakness.
POINTS OF DIFFERENCE AND
POINTS OF PARITY
Points-of-difference (PODs) are attributes or benefits that consumers
strongly associate with a brand, positively evaluate, and believe they
could not find to the same extent with a competitive brand.
EXAMPLES
Easy-to-use
Irreverent attitude
Design
Performance
Innovative Technology
Winning
YOUR BRAND
SHOULD BE
1) Desirable to Customer
2)Deliverable by the Company
3) Differentiating from competitiors
POINTS OF PARITY
 Category points-of-parity are attributes or benefits that consumers view as
essential to a legitimate and credible offering within a certain product or
service category.
 In other words, they represent necessary—but not sufficient—conditions for
brand choice.
VISA has established a strong point
of difference versus American
Express on the basis of its
acceptability.
DISCLAIMER
Created by Ankur Agrawal, IIT Kanpur, during an
internship by Prof. Sameer Mathur, IIM Lucknow.
www.IIMInternship.com

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