1. Stress on Natural Resources
(through Use, Overuse, Misuse and Abuse)
and Resulting Environmental
Disasters
2. โOn it everyone you love, everyone you
know, everyone you ever heard of, every
human being who ever was, lived out their
lives.
The aggregate of our joy and suffering,
thousands of confident religions,
ideologies, and economic doctrines, every
hunter and forager, every hero and coward,
every creator and destroyer of civilization,
every king and peasant, every young
couple in love, every mother and father,
hopeful child, inventor and explorer, every
teacher of morals, every corrupt politician,
every "superstar," every "supreme leader,"
every saint and sinner in the history of our
species lived there โ on a mote of dust
suspended in a sunbeamโ
- Carl Sagan
3. This is our only Habitat
โขHas 125.8 Billion
acres of land and sea
โขBears a human
population of more than
7 Billion
โขAlso provides life to
27 million other species
โขOnly 30.8 Billion acres
of land and sea is
usable by humans and
the other species
5. Can we go onโฆ?
โข What about
โ Overcrowding?
โ Poverty?
โ Pollution?
โ Resource Depletion?
6. This presentation looks at some of the pressing issues
faced by the world today;
โข Population growth
โข Environmental degradation
โข Resource depletion
The objective is to make you a better consultant through
Environmental awareness
8. The Global Scenario
โข World Trade grew from 6 Trillion USD in 1950 to 44.8 Trillion USD
in 2010
โข Only 14 % are enjoying 70% of the world resources
โข The Income Gap is Widening
Population increased from
3 bn in 1960 to 7 bn in 2011
10. The Population Pyramid
World Population isWorld Population is
over 7 Billionover 7 Billion
The Bottom of theThe Bottom of the
Population Pyramid isPopulation Pyramid is
underservedunderserved
11. Poverty
โข The Bottom of the Pyramid
4.0 Billion
(Low Income, underserved, deprived , marginalized)
170 Million (super rich)
2.5 Billion
Read internet article :Bottom of the Pyramid
Less than $1500
U$ 1500-20000
More than $1500
12. Pollution
โข What is pollution
โ Outcome of any activity which disturbs the
earthโs natural eco systems
โข Environmental Pollution is threatening us
with extinction.
13. Pollution
โข About 40 % of deaths worldwide are caused by pollution
โข Environmental degradation, coupled with the population
growth contribute to the malnourishment and disease
susceptibility of 3.7 billion people.
โข 57 % of the population is malnourished, compared with 20
% of a world population of 2.5 billion in 1950.
โข Air alone pollution kills about 3 million people a year.
http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Aug07/moreDiseases.sl.html
According to a survey by Prof. David Pimentel,
University of Cornell..
14. Other effects of Environmental
Pollution
โข Global Warming/Green House Effect/Climate
Change
โข Stratospheric Ozone Layer Depletion
โข Acid Rain
โข Water Stress/Water Quality Degradation
โข Soil Erosion/Soil Contamination
โข Dust/Fumes/SPM
โข Toxic Discharges/Hazardous Materials/POPs
โข Bio Diversity Loss
โข Food Shortage/Food Insecurity
23. Water - availability & quality a rising issueWater - availability & quality a rising issue
If present consumption patterns continue, two out of every three
persons on Earth will live in water-stressed conditions by the year 2025!
25. Facts
โข Almost one fifth of the world's
population (about 1.2 billion
people) live in areas where the
water is physically scarce.
โข Water scarcity affects one in
three people on every continent
of the globe.
27. Some Resources We Are Familiar With
โข Water
โข Air
โข Soil/Land
โข Minerals
โข Oil
โข Trees /Forests
โข Animals
โข Energy (Solar, Thermal, Electrical)
28. Consumption Worldwide
Consumption per Person Canada USA India World
CO2 emissions (tonnes/year) 15.2 19.5 0.81 4.2
Purchasing power ($US/year) 19,320 22,130 1,150 3,800
Vehicles per 100 people 47 57 0.2 10
Paper consumption (Kg/year) 247 317 2 44
Fossil energy use (Gigajoules/year) 250 287 5 56
Fresh water withdrawals (m3/year) 1,688 1,868 612 644
Ecological Footprint 4.3 5.1 0.4 1.8
(hectares/person)
Table 2.4 Consumption characteristics and Ecological Footprints of various countries and
world average (Wackernagel and Rees 1996)
29. From where do We get Resources?
โข Limitation of resources in the world
โข Resources
โ Water (.003% of the total water is available for use)
โ Raw material (non renewable resources depleting)
โ Energy sources
โข Petroleum resources (Ever Increasing Oil Prices)
โข Coal (Depleting Coal Mines)
โข Hydro power (Lack of Rain)
โข No serious Scare on Scarce Resources. โWhat do we do when we
run out of oil/coal?โ
โข What are the key factors - Population Increase
- Life Style Change
30. Inputs to Enterprises
โข Any enterprise be it a business
(manufacturing or service),household or a
commercial organization or otherwise
consumes natural resources
โ Raw materials (metals,minerals & organics)
โ Energy (fossil fuel, electricity etc)
โ Utilities (water & air)
โข Resources can be renewable or non
renewable
31. Production / Service Process
Raw Materials
Energy
Water
Finished Goods and Services
Waste Water
Solid Waste
Air Emissions
32. Projected availability of metals
The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies- 2009
13 Years
In
Indium
Predicted Worldโs Fe
supply 150 years
40. Waste - Resource in a Wrong
place
โข 01 Litre of Milk
โ In a Clean glass bottle - It is worth Rs. 50.00
โ In the drain it is not worth a single cent
โ Left in the drain causes bad odour, bacterial
growth, increases BOD level
โข 01 Litre of Drinking water
โ In a Clean bottle - It worth Rs. 40.00
โ In the drain it is not worth Rs. 40.00, but has a
less value for gardening
โ If this water gets collected in a isolated place, it
will be a breeding ground for Mosquitoes, which
will ultimately cause a severe social /
Environmental impact
42. What a Waste !What a Waste !
โข 15-20 %15-20 % of paddy productionof paddy production
lostlost
โข 30 %30 % of vegetable productionof vegetable production
lostlost
โข 50%50% of fruit production lostof fruit production lost
โข 40%40% of fish production is lostof fish production is lost
43. About 93% of materials used in production are
NOT evident in the end product
The Cotton Shirt / Blouse You Wear
About 80% of products are used only once
> How many disposable cups do you use a day?
> Do you reuse A4 Paper?
> What happens to the Fluorescent bulbs after you replace
them with new ones?
About 99% of materials used in the product are
discarded in first six weeks of use
Plastic Wrapping, Paper Wrapping, Bubble Wrap, Cello
Tape, Ink used to print labels, Glueโฆ..
DID YOU KNOW?
46. Think about thisโฆ.
โข We leave the Air conditioner on in a vacant room
How is electricity generated ?
Burn Fossil Fuel Hydro Power
CO2 โ Green house Effect / Increased Global Temperature
SO2 โ Acid Rains
Hydro Carbons โ Respiratory disorders / lung disorders
Dust โ Asthma
High Monthly
Electricity Bill
Other Effects of ACs โ Use of CFC (Ozone depletion)
47. We use other equipment that consume electricity
โขComputers
โขLights
โขPhotocopiers
โขFax Machines
โขRefrigerator
Each equipment will
impact the
environment in its
own way in addition to
the electricity
consumption
48. World is on a path to
Destruction
Through
Human Activity
Causing
Heavy Environmental Pollution
Which
Has exceeded Earthโs Threshold Capacity
What is your Ecological Footprint?
49. Human Carrying Capacity
โข In 2011 the worldโs population passed 7
billion with an annual growth rate of 1.7%,
creating a doubling time of 42 years
โข Wide variety of estimates as to how many
people the world can support
50. The Footprint of an Industry
Ecological Footprint
โข A measure of the total resource consumption
and its impact on the environment (Natural
Capital)
Carbon Footprint
โข A measure of the excess kg of CO2 emitted by
burning of fuels ( Contribution to global
Warming)
Social Footprint
โข A measure of Impact on the society (Anthropo
Capital)
51. Ecological Footprint
A mathematical tool to
indicate the stress we
place on the earthโs
resources for our day to
day living
Calculated on variety of
living aspects of an
individual such as food,
mobility, degraded land,
built environment
52. For some cities, or even
countries, the ecological
footprint can be even larger
than that actual area the city or
nation occupies.
Higher the urbanization higher the footprint
For example, Britain's footprint has
covered many countries, (during its)
imperial days.
Today, London's ecological footprint
has been estimated to be 120 times
the surface area of the city itself
53. Footprint Facts
ยท How much Earth is there?
125.8 billion acres
ยท How much bio-productive land and sea?
30.9 billion acres
ยท Current human population
7 billion
ยท How much do humans on average use
globally? 7 acres
ยท How much bio-capacity is there per person
leaving nothing for the other species?
5.2 acres
ยท Estimated number of species on Earth?
25 million
54. Population
Ecological
Footprint
Available
Resources
Ecological
Debt (-)
Balance (+)
(millions) (global ha/person) (global ha/person)
(global
ha/person)
Bangladesh 146.7 0.5 0.3 -0.2
China 1,311.7 1.6 0.8 -0.9
India 1,065.5 0.8 0.4 -0.4
Japan 127.7 4.4 0.7 -3.6
Korea Republic 47.7 4.1 0.5 -3.5
Malaysia 24.4 2.2 3.7 1.5
Nepal 25.2 0.7 0.5 -0.2
Pakistan 153.6 0.6 0.3 -0.3
Sri Lanka 19.1 1.0 0.4 -0.6
Vietnam 81.4 0.9 0.8 -0.1
56. Ecological Footprint & Ecological
Debt Day
โข Each year Global Footprint Network calculates
humanityโs Ecological Footprint (its demand on
cropland, pasture, forests and fisheries) and
compares it with global bio-capacity (the ability
of these ecosystems to generate resources and
absorb wastes).
โข Ecological Footprint accounting can be used to
determine the exact date we, as a global
community, go into ecological overshoot, using
more than the planet can regenerate in a year.
On Ecological Debt Day, we go into global
overshoot for a given year and begin
contributing to our global ecological debt, which
has been accumulating since we first went into
overshoot in the 1980s.
57. Ecological Debt Day
First ecological debt day
was December 19,1987
In 1995 it jumped to
21st
,November
In 2011 It has advanced
to 07th
September
That means now it takes
one year and three
months to regenerate
what we use in a single
year
http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/gfn/page/earth_overshoot_day/
58. Other Footprints
โข Carbon Footprint
โข The amount of carbon dioxide in
Kilograms generated per annum by a
persons or an industry during their day to
day activities
โข Social Footprint
โข The damage caused to the society by the
activities of a person or an enterprise.
59. Ecological Rucksack and MIPS
โข Ecological Rucksack: โThe total weight of
material flow โcarried byโ an item
throughout the course of its life cycle.โ
โข MIPS (Materials Intensity per service unit):
An indicator based on the material flow
and the number of services provided.
โข Reducing MIPS is equivalent to increasing
resource productivity
Read more on Internet about ecological Rucksack
60. Ecological Rucksack
โข Ecological Rucksack (or backpack) is the
total resources moved to produce a
particular product
โข Every product has a huge backpack of
resources shifted, processed or consumed
to manufacture
Question - How heavy is the gold ring on
your finger?
61. Some Ecological Rucksacks
โข Coffee maker 298 kg
โข toothbrush about 1.5 kg
โข plastic bucket 26 kg
โข silver chain 20 kg
โข 12 wine glasses 6 kg
โข 5-gram gold ring 2000 kg
โข wooden beads 0.5 kg
(Simonen 1999)
62.
63. Anuโs Heavy Morning
โข Anu wakes up and puts on her 12.5 kg heavy wristwatch.
She slips into her 30 kg heavy jeans, brews her coffee
with the 52 kg weighing coffee machine and enjoys the
refreshing drink from her 1.5 kg heavy mug.
โข After putting on her 3.5 kg weighing jogging shoes
โข She gets on the way to the office on her 400 kg heavy
bicycle.
โข Once there, she turns on her computer that weighs
several tons and puts in her first call with the help of her
telephone weighing 25 kg.
Anuโs day has begun as usual. Except this time it started
with ecological weights.
(BEYOND CLIMATIC CHANGE,F. Schmidt-Bleek)
64. โข MIPS (Materials Intensity per service unit):
An indicator based on the material flow
and the number of services provided.
Ecological Rucksack of a Product
โข MIPS =
Number of services provided
โข Reducing MIPS is equivalent to increasing
resource productivity
Materials Intensity Per Service Unit
65. Mahatma Gandhi, when he was
asked if he would like to have
the same standard of living for
Indiaโs millions as was then
prevalent in England
โIt took Britain half the resources
of the planet to achieve this
prosperity. How many planets will
a country like India requireโ
66. Solutions
To meet the Total Resource
Consumption by the growing population
in 2050.
โข Reduce Resource Consumption by a
factor of 4/10
orโฆโฆ
67. 1900 21002012 2050
Based on current production & consumption patterns
Two planets needed by 2050 to meet our appetite for
natural resources
Find Four Planets to provide resources
to meet human consumption!!!
68. Or Elseโฆ
Quality of Life
Economic
Development
Resource
Usage
De-link Economic Development and Resource Consumption
69. Factor 4 and Factor 10
โข Factor 4: the idea that resource productivity
should be quadrupled so that wealth is doubled
and resource use is cut in half. โDoing more with
less.โ Result: substantial macroeconomic gains.
โข Factor 10: per capita materials flows in OECD
countries should be cut by a factor of ten.
Requirement to be able to live sustainably in the
next 25-50 years.
โข Note: technology for Factor 4 already exists!!
โข Facto x: Going beyond Factor 4 and Factor 10
71. Understand WHY We waste
โข The Problem is that we do not know
โ Where wastes occur
โ What are the wastes
โ How Much is wasted
72. Less bad is Not Good Enough
โข Reducing environmental impacts delays
the reaction
โข Reducing consumption of non renewable
raw materials extends the availability
โ But one day our future generations will suffer
because of them.
78. What is the world doing
The next presentation will take you to
the timeline and global action in
mitigating the global environmental
problems and resource depletion
through redesigning the next industrial
revolution.
See whether you are part of the
problem or a key to the solution
79. This the ONLY world that we and our future
generations have!
Do we want to be blamed by the future
generations for destroying it!
80. Let this not be
The End
but only
a New Beginning
Thank You
