მასწ ინგლისურის ტესტი 2012

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          A    B     C     D     E    F
    1
    2
3
pasuxebis moniSvnis instruqcia
pasuxis moniSvnisas
 pasuxebis furcelze moZebneT davalebis Sesabamisi nomeri.
 Tqven mier arCeuli pasuxi aRniSneT X niSniT. magaliTad, Tuki me-3
sakiTxis pasuxad airCieT B pasuxis varianti, maSin pasuxebis
furcelze unda moZebnoT me-3 sakiTxis davalebis rigi da am rigSi,
pasuxis (B) svetis Sesabamis ujraSi dasvaT X niSani. (ix. nimuSi).
gaiTvaliswineT:
 Tqven mier arCeuli pasuxis sworad moniSvnis erTaderTi gza
saTanado ujraSi X niSnis dasmaa.
 dasaSvebia, rom X niSani gamoscdes TeTr
ujras (ix. nimuSi), magram igi ar unda iyos
ujraze mokle.
 TiToeuli sakiTxis Sesabamis rigSi unda
moniSnoT mxolod erTi pasuxi, anu mxolod
erT ujraSi dasvaT X niSani. Tu rigSi erTze
met X niSans dasvamT, am sakiTxis arc erTi
pasuxi ar CaiTvleba sworad.
 Tu gsurT pasuxebis furcelze moniSnuli pasuxis gadasworeba,
mTlianad gaaferadeT ujra, romelSic dasviT X niSani, da Semdeg
moniSneT pasuxis axali varianti (dasviT X niSani axal ujraSi).
eleqtronuli programa arCeul pasuxad mxolod X niSnian ujras
aRiqvams (ix. nimuSi, sakiTxi 2 da 3).
 SeuZlebelia xelmeored airCioT is pasuxi, romelic gadaasworeT.
(anu is pasuxi, romlis Sesabamisi ujra ukve mTlianad gaaferadeT).
amitom gadasworebis win dafiqreba gmarTebT.
pasuxis Cawerisas:
 pasuxebis furcelze, davalebis Sesabamisi nomris gaswvriv
specialurad gamoyofil adgilas, CawereT Tqveni pasuxi.
 SesaZlebelia pasuxis gadasworeba (araswori pasuxis gadaxazva da
gverdze swori pasuxis dawera).
 Tqveni pasuxi ar unda gascdes davalebisaTvis gamoyofil ares.

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TASK 1 LISTENING
You will hear a part of a radio programme about tourist sites and travel. For questions
1-12, choose the best answer A, B or C.
You now have forty-five seconds to look through the task. You will hear the recording
twice.
1. What is the name of the weekly programme?
A. Weekly Diary
B. Traveller’s Guide
C. Traveller’s Diary
2. Helen first went to Scotland
A. two years ago.
B. last year.
C. three years ago.
3. Helen’s visit to Scotland lasted
A. more than two weeks.
B. two weeks.
C. less than two weeks.
4. People from Glasgow and Edinburgh are
A. the same.
B. different.
C. hard to understand.
5. Edinburgh carries its UNESCO title because of the number of
A. film stars.
B. inventors.
C. writers.
6. Helen says the biggest benefit of the country is its
A. low population.
B. rich economy.
C. beautiful scenery.
7. Helen’s favourite place in Scotland is Edinburgh because
A. it has unique history.
B. it has individual character.
C. it has various tourist sites.
8. Which tourist site does Helen remember best from her visit to Scotland?
A. A castle.
B. A lake.
C. An island.

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9. What is the weather like in Scotland?
A. It’s always stormy.
B. It’s always rainy.
C. It’s unpredictable.
10. Helen thinks that Scotland and England
A. are quite different.
B. are quite similar.
C. bear some resemblance.
11. The Museum of Scotland keeps the information about
A. how Scotland and England became one land.
B. how Scotland and England separated.
C. Scotland’s history and weather.
12. Helen says that English is
A. the only language in Scotland.
B. as popular as Gaelic.
C. spoken by most people in Scotland.
Task 2 LISTENING
You will hear four people talking about different things they need while travelling. For
questions 1-4 choose from the list A-F what each speaker needs mostly while travelling.
Use each letter only once. There are two extra letters which you do not need to use.
You now have thirty seconds to look through the task. You will hear the recording twice.
Which speaker mentions the object which
A. is useful from a professional viewpoint?
B. is a good thing on a rainy day?
C. is convenient to carry?
D. can be used in different occasions?
E. is a good thing to enjoy yourself?
F. helps the person not to stay hungry?
Speaker 1 A B C D E F

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TASK 3 READING
You are going to read an article about Alfred Nobel. Six sentences have been removed from
the article. Choose from the sentences (A-H) the one which best fits each gap (1-6). There
are two extra sentences which you do not need to use.
Alfred Nobel
Alfred Nobel, the famous Swedish chemist who founded the Nobel Prize, was still young when
his family moved to St. Petersburg, where Alfred Nobel’s father, Immanuel, started a business.
Soon he went bankrupt and the family decided to leave St. Petersburg and go to America.
(1) _______. Immanuel also experimented with nitroglycerin with his sons. Explosions often
occurred in the laboratory one of which killed Alfred Nobel's younger brother Emil and several
other people in 1864.
Working alongside his father, Alfred Nobel had acquired most of his father’s knowledge of
chemistry. Numerous scientists had been intrigued by nitroglycerine but only Alfred Nobel
managed to turn this dangerous substance into a safe and useful explosive. (2) _______ . Alfred
Nobel, the owner of 355 patents, was a dedicated scientist whose main inventions were
connected to dynamite and explosives. He felt responsible for creating something which would
kill people. (3) _______. In 1888, Nobel’s death announcement was published by mistake by a
French newspaper. (4) _______. It is believed that after reading the death announcement, Nobel
decided to set up The Nobel Prize Foundation. The foundations of the Nobel Prize were laid in
1895 when Alfred Nobel wrote his last will, leaving much of his wealth for its establishment.
He made a special condition that this prize had to be awarded annually without distinction of
gender and nationality. (5) _______ .
Surprisingly, there is no Nobel Prize for mathematics. A common legend states that Nobel
decided against a prize in mathematics because a woman - said to be either his fiancée or
mistress - rejected him for a famous mathematician. (6) _______. However, Nobel was never
married. Nobel died on December 10, 1896 in Sanremo, Italy.
A. There is no historical evidence to support the story.
B. He felt guilty too, which led him to leave his millions to reward individuals who made
substantial contributions to certain areas of science.
C. Since 1901, the Prize has been awarded to scientists internationally for their remarkable
achievements.
D. In his will he set aside a greater part of his estate to establish the Nobel Prizes.
E. The elder Nobel never managed to become rich despite his natural inventive spirit.
F. Jobless and penniless, Immanuel decided to test his theories of explosives in a laboratory
set up in the house.
G. In it he was accused of inventing dynamite.
H. More than that, Alfred Nobel succeeded in developing this substance commercially.

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TASK 4 READING / LANGUAGE IN USE
Read the text below. Use the word given in brackets to form a word that fits into the space.
One example is given.
Talent
I love poetry and write some poems myself too, but I am a big music lover (0.LOVE) as well.
I can listen to classical music for hours. My …….……... (1.FAVOUR) composer is Mozart
and I am fortunate enough to have a cousin who is also a very gifted pianist. As a ………..…….
(2.PROFESSION) musician, she strongly believes that the……………..... (3.MUSIC) ability is
mostly something one learns, not a characteristic that one is born with. She thinks that
industrious and hard-working people can improve their ability enormously. I feel really
…………..….. (4.ENVY) when I hear my cousin perform and the response that she gets from
her audiences at the end of a ……..…..……. (5.PERFORM). Both the public and critics agree
that she is one of the country’s most ……………. (6.TALENT) artists. The huge amount of
money she earns gives her ………..…... (7.FREE) to do almost anything she likes, which I, with
my average talent in ………....…. (8.POET), cannot compete with.

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TASK 5 READING
Read the text. Then read the statements (1- 8) which follow and say whether the statements
are true or false. Put a cross (X) in the appropriate box. Then, next to it write the number
of the paragraph where you have found the necessary information. One example is given.
Button Design and Fashion
1. In clothing and fashion design, a button is a small disc- or knob-shaped, typically round object
usually attached to an article of clothing in order to secure an opening, or for ornamentation.
Functional buttons work by slipping the button through a fabric or thread loop, or by sliding the
button through a slit called a buttonhole.
2. Buttons come from ancient times. Archaeologists even found buttons or button-like objects in
pre-historic burial grounds. The Crusaders, returning from battles in the Middle East, are
believed to have introduced the buttons to Europe. Buttons were made from almost every
material found in nature or created by man. Metals are one of the most popular materials,
including everything from iron to gold. Another popular material used in button making is
mother of pearl, or shell of any kind. Bone, ivory, cloth, glass, stone, horn, leather, ceramic,
celluloid and wood, plus any combination of these, have been used to fashion these miniature
works of art.
3. One of the most interesting materials used in buttons is jet. This is a natural mineral with a
carbon base. It is lightweight and fragile, so surviving examples are very hard to come by. Queen
Victoria started a fashion in 1861 by wearing black jet buttons to mourn the death of her husband
Albert. As jet was such a rare and expensive mineral, black glass buttons were often used instead
of jet by the rest of the population for their mourning attire. Consequently, black glass buttons
are still very common today, but are often mislabeled as ‘jet’ buttons. One way to test whether
that black button is jet or glass is by giving it the floating test. Glass buttons will sink to the
bottom in a glass of water, but the lightweight jet buttons will float.
4. Throughout the years, the decorations on buttons have reflected both the fashion and passions
of the time. Nearly everything has been pictured on a button. Animals are one of the most
popular subjects, along with plant life and things like belt clasps and hats. A ‘habitat’ is the name
of a very rare type of button. This button has a metal back covered with a dome-shaped glass
cap. But what makes this kind of button special is the ‘thing’ placed under the glass. These
‘things’ are mostly dried plants and animal material, usually arranged to create a natural looking
scene. Because of their age, these buttons are rarely seen, and are often in poor condition.
5. Architectural objects like buildings, bridges and monuments also decorate many buttons.
People and their many activities is another popular subject. Political candidates, opera stars and
fairy-tale heroes are also richly represented on the buttons. Buttons produced for George
Washington’s inauguration are the most sought-after buttons by collectors in the United States.

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6. Uniform buttons fall into a special category of their own. Most of us automatically think of
the military when we think of uniforms, but there is an amazing variety of uniforms in our
society. Both Police and Fire Departments have their own buttons, as well as airlines and
shipping lines. State employees, hotels, railroads, banks and even schools may have their own
unique buttons as well. A related field is Livery buttons. These buttons were worn by servants in
large households, usually in England, and had the family’s coat of arms or crest on it. The history
of buttons reveals many secrets about the past and the civilizations that used them. One never
knows how valuable a simple button in the old button-box can be in the future.
True False Paragraph
No
Ex. Buttons are usually used for decorating clothes. X 1
1. Buttons with dried plants are rarely found in good condition.
2. One can learn many interesting things from the history of
buttons.
3. It is not possible to find out the difference between black glass
and jet buttons.
4. Uniform buttons unite many types of buttons.
5. Who first brought buttons to Europe is unknown.
6. A lot of good examples of jet buttons can be found.
7. Fashion had a serious influence on the shape and range of
buttons.
8. There is a variety of buttons with famous faces on them.

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TASK 6 WRITING
Some people believe that school has the biggest influence on children’s development. What
is your opinion on this? Give specific reasons to support your answer.
You should write between 180-230 words. Copy your answer on the answer sheet.

_______

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TASK 7 CORRECTION OF MISTAKES
In the letter below, some lines are correct, but some have a mistake in them. Read each line
(1-12) carefully and if you find a mistake in it, write the correct form at the end of the same
line and, next to it, indicate the type of mistake. If the line has no mistake, put a tick (√) at
the end of the line. Two examples are given.
When indicating the type of a mistake use the abbreviations given on the next page.
Corrected
form
Type of a
mistake
Hi Mary,
I’m completely √ a loss what to do after I finish the Caucasus School of
Business. Next month our university is arranging a Job Fair. The representatives
from various of organizations, such as banks, NGOs, state enterprises will attend
the Fair and talked to us about different jobs available. As you know, I do need
money to support my family but if I want to have a successful career in business,
I need to study a lot. The other day I’ve come across an advertisement in the
newspaper about study opportunities in England. I know it will cost a lot to
study there but I also know that there are some organisations which offers
scholarships to families with low income. Do you think I will be eligibly for
that? If I am lucky enough get the scholarship and study abroad, this will be a
wonderful opportunity for me. If I decide to apply at the scholarship, I’ll need
to fill in a lot of forms and documents, which I hate so much. I’ll also need two
references from my professors. You recommend whom? I need to make a quick
decision and I really appreciate your advice on these matters.
All the best,
Anna
0) ___at___
0)___√____
1) ________
2) ________
3) ________
4) ________
5) ________
6) ________
7) ________
8) ________
9) ________
10) _______
11) _______
12) _______
_W.miss_
________
________
________
_________
________
________
________
________
________
_________
________
_________
_________

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Secdomis
tipebi
ganmartebebi da magaliTebi
Ord. Wrong sentence order:  winadadebas aqvs araswori wyoba.
I met him yesterday ‐is nacvlad mocemulia:  Him I met yesterday.

W. miss
Word missing: sityvaa gamotovebuli. He decided to read the letter -is nacvlad
mocemulia:  He decided read the letter. an: This is an interesting story ‐ is nacvlad
mocemulia: This is interesting story.

Ex. W
Extra word:  sityvaa zedmeti.  If you are interested in this -is nacvlad mocemulia:
If you are be interested in this.
Tense
Wrong tense: arasworia gramatikuli dro. I have seen her twice this week –is
nacvlad mocemulia:. I saw her twice this week.
Mood
Wrong mood: arasworia kilo. If he did this job he would be paid well.
‐ is nacvlad mocemulia:  If he does this job, he would be paid well.
Voice
Wrong voice:  arasworia gvari. The building was repaired last year. ‐is nacvlad
mocemulia:. The building repaired last year.
Agr.
Wrong noun-verb agreement. Or any other kind of agreement in person and number:
arasworia SeTanxmeba saxelsa da zmnas Soris an nebismieri sxva saxis
SeuTanxmebloba pirsa da ricxvSi. Tennis and swimming are his favourite sports.-is
nacvlad mocemulia: Tennis and swimming is his favourite sport.an: These are our
children.- is nacvlad mocemulia: This are our children.
Prep.
Wrong preposition:  arasworia windebuli. I look forward to seeing you. -is
nacvlad mocemulia:  I look forward for seeing you.
Art.
Wrong article: Secdomaa artiklis gamoyenebaSi. This is the house we want to buy .-
is nacvlad: This is a house we want to buy.
Adj.
An adjective used instead of an adverb or an adverb used instead of an adjective:
zedsarTavi gamoyenebulia zmnizedis nacvlad an zmnizeda
gamoyenebulia zedsarTavis nacvlad. He is smart enough. -is nacvlad
mocemulia: He is smartly enough. an: He speaks English fluently.-is nacvlad: He
speaks English fluent.

Degr.
  Wrong degree of an adjective or of an adverb: gamoyenebulia zmnizedis an
zedsarTavis araswori xarisxi. He is the most talanted actor I’ve ever seen. ‐ is
nacvlad mocemulia: He is the more talanted actor I’ve ever seen an: He speaks English
better than Ann.-is nacvlad: He speaks English well than Ann.

Pron.
Wrong pronoun: arasworia nacvalsaxeli. I met Tina and Nick and wished them a
happy marriage. - is nacvlad mocemulia: I met Tina and Nick and wished him a happy
marriage.

Mod.
Wrong modal verb:  arasworia modaluri zmna. Yesterday was Sunday, so it must be
Monday today.-is nacvlad mocemulia: Yesterday was Sunday, so it may be Monday
today.

VF
Wrong verb form (incorrect use of infinitive, gerund or participle): arasworia zmnis
forma (Secdomaa infinitivis, gerundivis an mimReobis gamoyenebaSi).  He
enjoys watching soap operas ‐is nacvlad mocemulia: He enjoys to watch soap operas.

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TASK 8 PRONUNCIATION
For each group of words circle the word which has a stress on the second syllable.
1. A. success B. qualified C. practise
2. A. colleague B. reaction C. atmosphere
3. A. issue B. reflect C. organize
4. A. journey B. problem C. behaviour
5. A. competitive B. estimate C. wedding
6. A. excursion B. exercise C. broadcast
7. A. influence B. resource C. actively
8. A. feedback B. advantage C. certain
9. A. procedure B. challenging C. objects
10. A. adjective B. diary C. activity

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TASK 9 PRACTICAL METHODOLOGY
Match the classroom activites (1-5) with the corresponding aims (A-G). Two aims are
extra.
Classroom activity Aim
1. With the initiative of an English teacher
pupils speak about where to spend the coming
weekend.
2. A teacher asks pupils to arrange the given
parts of the text into the right order.
3. A teacher asks pupils to fill in the crossword
on the theme ‘Free time and hobby’.
4. A teacher gets pupils to write a dictation.
5. A teacher asks pupils to work in pairs and
write a short fairy-tale. In this fairy-tale pupils
have to use 4 words given by the teacher.
A. This activity helps pupils to understand
cohesion and coherence of the whole text.
B. This activity develops pupils’ independent
learning skills.
C. This activity is good for developing pupils’
skill to speak fluently.
D. With this activity pupils practise vocabulary
and spelling.
E. This activity checks pupils’ knowledge of
some vocabulary items.
F. This activity develops students’ listening
skill, also makes them concentrate on the
spelling.
G. This activity helps pupils to use the familiar
vocabulary through writing.

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Match the tasks (1-6) with the types of the tasks (A-D). Some types of the tasks may be
used more than once.
A. Practice on grammar
B. Practice on vocabulary
C. A reproduction type of a task connected to the text
D. A production type of a task
.
2. Put the verbs into the correct form.
a. We ______ (play) football yesterday.
b. They ______ (meet) us tomorrow.
c. .....
6. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate word: always, seldom, never
A. Every morning we drink apple juice for breakfast. We _______ drink apple juice for breakfast.
B. As a rule, my aunt travels by bus or train. She has __________ travelled by plain.
C. .....
1. Write the biography of a famous person you
like most.
_________________________________
_________________________________
4. Have you or any of your friends been abroad?
Tell us about it. Mention the facts given below.
country – duration of the stay – the most imporatnt
impressions – cultural differences with your country
3. Read the text below and fill in the given Form
according to the information given in the text.
‘John Larsen from Oslo, studies at the faculty of
psychology; he has recently moved from Norway to
England…’
Form
Second name: Larsen
First name: (1)
Lives in: (2)
Future profession: (3)
5. Write a short story. Use at least three words
from the words given below.
purse - search - colour - happened - found –
secret……

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Match the classroom activities (1-5) with the pupils actions (A-C). Some of the pupils’
actions can be used more than once.
Classroom activities Pupils actions
1. Pupils play the game ‘guess the profession’. One
pupil says: “I teach mathematics at school. This is my
favourite subject as I like numbers and figures…”
2. Pupils play Bingo Game at the lesson. A teacher
calls out the numbers.
3. A teacher gives pupils the cards with the names of
famous persons written on them, such as Mozart,
Shakespeare, etc. Each pupil speaks about the person
given on his/her card without mentioning the name.
Others try to guess who the famous person is.
4. A class is planning a tour to London. The teacher
asks the pupils to find out what’s the weather like in
England and then, look for the concrete information.
5. A teacher asks his/her seven-year-old pupils to
play an action game. He/She tells them: “Stand up,
stand behind the chair, put your hand on the chair…“
A. Pupils concentrate on understang
every word.
B. Pupils look for specific information.
C. Pupils try to understand general idea.

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Read the tasks below (12.1- 12.4) and mark the correct answers.
12.1 What is the positive side of a small group activity? Mark one answer only.
A. Improves the class discipline.
B. Gives weak pupils the chance to become more active.
C. Gives teacher the chance to help weak pupils.
D. Teacher has the chance to correct every mistake.
12.2 Out of the activities given below, which one develops the skill for selective reading?
A. In the given text underline the name of the main hero’s native town.
B. Match the parts of the text with the corresponding pictures.
C. Read the text and the statements connected to it. Define whether the statements are
True or False.
D. Read five short extracts on page 43 and match the corresponding titles with them.
12.3 Some teachers divide a long listening text into small parts and let the pupils listen to
the text this way. Which statement given below does NOT correspond to the teacher’s aim
in this case?
A. This way of listening increases students’ concentration.
B. This way of listening develops students’ practical communication skills.
C. Students can, on the way, express their opinion.
D. This way of listening makes it possible to repeat what has been listened to.
12.4 Teacher wants to use an authentic material at the lesson. Which material is NOT
suitable for this purpose?
A. Advertisements on job vacancies from a newspaper ‘New York Times’.
B. The menu from one of the Italian restaurants in London.
C. The pictures from Glasgow Arts Festival.
D. A newspaper article about London which is translated from German.

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Teachers often use a role-play at the lesson. Write two positive sides of a role-play activity.
1.
2.
TASK 14
Teachers often give their students project works. What, apart from pupils’ motivation, can
be two positive sides of working on projects?
1.
2.

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TASK 15
Teachers often ask their pupils to re-read their own essays and make possible corrections in them.
What are two positive and two negative sides of this task?
Positive sides
1.
2.
Negative sides
3.

4

Answer Key | Teacher Certification Exam 1
Answer Key
Task 1
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. B
5. C
6. C
7. B
8. B
9. C
10. A
11. A
12. C
Task 2
Speaker 1 - C
Speaker 2 - A
Speaker 3 - F
Speaker 4 - D
Task 3
1. F
2. H
3. B
4. G
5. C
6. A

Task 4
1. favourite
2. professional
3. musical
4. envious
5. performance
6. talented
7. freedom
8. poetry
Task 5
1. T/4
2. T/6
3. F/3
4. T/6
5. F/2
6. F/3
7. T/4
8. T/5
Task 7
1. of -- extra word
2. talk - Tense/VF
3. √
4. came – Tense
5. √/studying/VF
6. offer - agreement
7. eligible - Adj.
8. to – w.miss/VF
9. for – Prep.
10. √
11. who do you recommend/whom you recommend/who will /would you recommend -
W.miss/order

12. √
Task 8
1. A - success
2. B – reaction
3. B – reflect
4. C – behaviour
5. A – competitive
6. A – excursion
7. B – resource
8. B – advantage
9. A – procedure
10. C – activity
Task 9
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. F
5. G
Task 10
1. D
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. D
6. B

Task 11
1. C
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. A
Task 12
12.1
B
12.2
A
12.3
B
12.4
D
Task 13
როლური თამაში
დადებითი მხარეები:
1. ხელს უწყობს სპონტანური საუბრის უნარის განვითარებას
2. ახთენს იმ სიტუაციების სიმულირებას, რომლებსაც შეიძლება წააწყდეს მოსწავლე
(გერმანულენოვან ინგლისურენოვან, რუსულენოვან, ფრანგულენოვან) ქვეყნებში.
3. ხელს უწყობს სიტუაციის აღქმას ინტერკულტურული სწავლის თვალსაზრისით
4. ხელს უწყობს სწავლის მოტივაციის გაზრდას, იმით რომ ჩანს“ სწავლის პრაქტიკული
მნიშვნელობა“

5. კრეატიულ მოსწავლეებს შესაძლებლობა ეძლევათ უკეთ წარმოაჩინონ თავიანთი
გამომსახველობითი უნარი და შემოქმედებითი ნიჭი
6. სხვა ადეკვატური პასუხი
Task 14
პროექტებზე მუშაობა
1. ხელს უწყობს ათვისებული მასალის პრაქტიკაში გამოყენების უნარის განვითარებას
2. ხელს უწყობს დამოუკიდებელ სწავლას
3. ავითარებს ჯგუფური მუშაობის უნარს
4. ხელს უწყობს ინტერდისციპლინარულ სწავლას
5. ავითარებს კვლევითი მუშაობის უნარს
6. სხვა ადეკვატური პასუხები
Task 15
თვითშემოწმება
1. როცა მოსწავლე საკუთარ შეცდომას თვითონ ასწორებს, უკეთ იმახსოვრებს სწორ ვერსიას
2. მოსწავლეების მოტივაცია მატულობს, რადგანაც მათ აქვთ წარმატების შეგრძნება
3, სხვა ადეკვატური პასუხები
უარყოფითი მხარეები:
1. მოითხოვს ბევრ დროს
2. ენის არასაკმარისი ცოდნა არ იძლევა ყველა შეცდომის გასწორების საშუალებას
3. იმ შემთხვევაში თუ მოსწავლემ ვერ შეძლო საკუთარი შეცდომის გასწორება, მას ეკარგება
წარმატების შეგრძნება, უმცირდება მოტივაცია.
4, სხვა ადეკვატური პასუხები

მასწ ინგლისურის ტესტი 2012

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მასწ ინგლისურის ტესტი 2012