CLASSIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF FATS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
smog effect on plant
1.
2. Smog and its Effects on Plants & Food
Presented by:
Zeshan Haider
Department:
Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology
UAF
M.Phil. Biotechnology
4. What is Fog?
Fog is caused when tiny droplets of water are suspended in the air, creating
an opaque sheet that limits visibility. It is essentially a cloud on land.
5. Fog formation can occur in two ways.
1. The air is cooled to the dew point which leads to the formation of fog droplets. When
the air temperature is the same as the dew point temperature, condensation occurs on
tiny particles floating in the air.
2. The second method of fog formation requires water to evaporate from the surface into
the air, raising the dew point until condensation occurs.
6.
7. What is Smog?
• Smog is a type of air pollution.
• The word smog comes from the blend of two words, smoke and fog.
• Mixture of liquid and solid fog and smoke particles.
• It is usually seen as yellowish or blackish fog which suspends in the atmosphere or
forms a ceiling in the air.
• It happens when fume, emissions, and particulates (nitrogen and sulfur oxides and
volatile organic compounds) react in the presence of sunlight to form ground-level
ozone.
Main Causes of Smog:
• Using coal as a fuel
• Vehicular and industrial emissions
• Natural causes
8. Types of Smog:
1. Sulfurous smog/Industrial smog
• High concentration of sulfur oxides in the air
• Greyish in color.
• Reducing in nature.
• Cool & Humid environment
1. Photochemical smog
• High concentration of nitrogen oxides and
hydrocarbon vapors.
• Brownish in color.
• Oxidizing in nature.
• Warm, Dry & sunny environment.
9. Implications of Smog for Plants:
• Deposition of particulate matter containing
toxic metals affects the growth of plants.
• The particulate matter after deposition in plants
leaves block stomata opening of plants and
reduce growth.
• The particulate matter with acid rain decrease
the pH of the soil which makes the soil
infertile.
• Can lead to extensive damage to crops, trees,
and vegetation.
• When crops and vegetables such as wheat,
soybeans, tomatoes, peanuts, cotton and kales
are exposed to smog, it interferes with their
ability to fight infections thus increasing
susceptibility to diseases.
10. Oxidants(Ozone injury to soybean
foliage)
Sulfur Dioxide(Acute sulfur dioxide
injury to raspberry. Injury occurs
between the veins and that the tissue
nearest the vein remains healthy)
Fluoride(Fluoride injury to plum foliage. The
fluoride enters the leaf through the stomata
and is moved to the margins where it
accumulates and causes tissue injury)
Ammonia(Severe ammonia injury to
apple foliage and subsequent recovery
through the production of new leaves
following the fumigation)
Particulate Matter(Cement-dust coating on apple leaves and
fruit. The dust had no injurious effect on the foliage, but
inhibited the action of a pre-harvest crop spray)
11. Solutions to Smog Pollution
• Purchase renewable energy
• Reducing and managing vehicular
and industrial emissions
• Increasing energy efficiency and
conserving energy
• Use of environmentally friendly
consumer products
• Smog detection and monitoring
systems
Editor's Notes
The following crop plants are generally considered susceptible to sulfur dioxide: alfalfa, barley, buckwheat, clover, oats, pumpkin, radish, rhubarb, spinach, squash, Swiss chard and tobacco. Resistant crop plants include asparagus, cabbage, celery, corn, onion and potato.
Studies of susceptibility of plant species to fluorides show that apricot, barley (young), blueberry, peach (fruit), gladiolus, grape, plum, prune, sweet corn and tulip are most sensitive. Resistant plants include alfalfa, asparagus, bean (snap), cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, celery, cucumber, eggplant, pea, pear, pepper, potato, squash, tobacco and wheat.
Flowers, fruit and woody tissues usually are not affected, and in the case of severe injury to fruit trees, recovery through the production of new leaves can occur (Figure 4). Sensitive species include apple, barley, beans, clover, radish, raspberry and soybean. Resistant species include alfalfa, beet, carrot, corn, cucumber, eggplant, onion, peach, rhubarb and tomato.
