Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will tend to increase the dispersion of the seeds. The plant is a shrub.

1. Lab report
Submitted to: Dr. Tausif
Submitted by: Group no 2
Department for advancement of textile technology
University of Engineering and Technology Lahore
Faisalabad campus

2. Cotton Fibre:
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in
a boll, or protective capsule, around the
seeds of cotton plants of the genus
Gossypium. The fiber is almost pure
cellulose. Under natural conditions, the
cotton bolls will tend to increase the
dispersion of the seeds. The plant is a shrub.

3. Macro structure of cotton:
Under a microscope, a cotton fiber appears as a
very fine, regular fiber. It ranges in length from
about 10mm to 65 mm, depending upon the
quality of the fiber. The fiber length to breadth
ratio of cotton ranges from about 6000:1 for the
longest and best types, to about 350:1 for the
shortest .Cotton fibers vary in color from near
white to light. Cotton fibre magnified 100%,the
fibre are hallow like straw.

4. Properties of cotton
Cotton has many special properties including the following:
Cotton can be easily blended with other fibres such a synthetics.
Cotton can be dyed various colors. Cotton is one of the easiest
fabrics to dye, because it’s white in color and very absorbent.
Stains can be easily removed from cotton.
Cotton keeps the body cool in summer and warm in winter because
it is a good conductor of heat .
Cotton does not contain any chemicals and therefore is a natural
product.
Cotton has a high absorbency rate and holds up to 27 times its own
weight in water .Cotton becomes stronger when wet.

5. Literature
An organization called Cotton Australia assists in the promotion of
Australian
cotton and has a special way of marking products that contain cotton. It
is called the cotton mark and it can only be attached or put onto products
that are made entirely of cotton. Cotton Australia has also developed
special logo which is called the cotton blend
mark.

6. Literature
Properties
• Australian cotton has length 28.6 mm(1.125 inch).
• Micronaire of the cotton is 3.8-4.2.
• Strength of cotton is 29 g/tex.
• Neps in cotton is less than USA cotton.
Production
Value of cotton lint 2010/11 is $2.66 billion.
Value of cottonseed 2010/11 is 217 million.
In 2010/11 total production of cotton seed is1.22 million tones.
Over the last 20 years Australian cotton yield has increased by 38%.
Production of Australian cotton is 13%.

7. Australian cotton production Statistics
Years Totals Bales Hectares(ha) Bales/ha Kg lint/ha
2010/11 3,999,600 599,630 8.5 2003
2009/10 1,594,850 182,000 8.76 2063
2008/09 1,494,300 161,390 9.26 2102
2007/08 601,810 68,585 8.77 1991
2006/07 1,199,700 134,290 8.93 1763s

8. ISO 2403
International Standard Organization
A method of determining the
micronaire value of loose
disorientated cotton fibres taken
from bales, laps and slivers, or
other sources of lint cotton.

9. BS 3181-1
The method for determine of the cotton fibres
fineness by air flow method.
Status:Revised,Withdraw
Published:30,april,1968
Replaced by:BS3181-1 in 1968

10. ASTM 1448
American society for testing & materials
ASTM was formed in 1898 by
Chemists& Engineers from the
Pennsylvania Rail road.
Schaech:
ASTM,s 1300+Standrad
,1500+books,50,000+Jurnals &
Technical Articles.

11. Experiment
Apparatus:
• Australian Cotton.(5 gram).
• Cotton fineness meter (measured the
micronaire of specimen)
• Balance (It calculate the accurate
value of cotton fibers due to coverage
of sheet. Because there is no external
medium(air pressure) act.)
Introduction:
A cotton fibres specimen of fixed
weight is compressed. Air is passed
through the cotton fibres specimen.
Cotton fineness meter give the value of
micronaire of the cotton fibres.

12. Procedure
• First of all took the 5 gram of cotton fibres which is
weighted by the balance machine.
• Cotton fineness meter was placed on table and its level was
so adjusted that the bubble was with in the centre circle.
• Cotton fibres is immersed in cotton fineness machine which
has compartment for cotton fibres test and locked the valve.
• After that air is drawn through the cotton fibres where
pressure and volume kept constant.
• Noted the reading of the cotton fibres.
• Conditions:
• Temp. :20-22co
• RH: 60-64%
• Result:
• The value of air permeability of cotton fibres was found to
be 3.8cm3/s/cm2.

13. Cotton fineness meter
Specification
Physical:
Width 13cm
Depth 24cm
Height 57.5cm
Weight 9 kg
Weight of specimen 5 grammas
Model: F019A
Type: cotton fineness Meter
Name: SDLATLAS
It based on three standards Method
Iso2403
BS 3181
ASTM D 1448

14. Diagram
Parts of machine:
a:Manometer
b:Levelling Screw
c:Instrunct
f:Upper index mark
g:Adjusting Screw
h:Manometer scale
k:Control valve
j:lower index mark
i,m:Calibration marks
z, motor
c
b
k
m
i
j
f
h
g
a
z