3. General Psychiatry
Delusion is a disorder of thought-
Obsession is a disorder of thought-
Hallucination is a disorder of-
MC delusion:
Capgras-
Fregoli -
DeClerembaut syndrome-
Othello syndrome-
Cotard syndrome-
Ganser syndrome-
Transference
MC obsession:
MC compulsion:
Association of OCD, anorexia:
ORIENTATION ATTENTION CONCENTRATION
Digit span test Serial 7 subtraction
OCD:
D-Displacement
U-Undoing
R-Reaction formation
I-Inhibition
I-Isolation of affect
CAGE:
SCOFF:
PANSS:
Confusion assessment method (CAM):
SPIKES:
PEARLS:
4. GOOD PROGNOSTIC FACTORS BAD PROGNOSTIC FACTORS
Acute onset Insidious onset
Advanced age at onset (>35 yrs) Early onset (<20 yrs)
Catatonic, paranoid subtype Simple, disorganised,
hebephrenic
Female sex Male sex
Prominent positive symptoms Prominent negative symptoms
Presence of affective symptoms Absence of affective symptoms
Family history of mood disorders Family history of schizophrenia
DOC:
RESISTANT: OCD-related disorders:
Hoarding disorder
Body dysmorphic D
Olfactory reference D
Body focused repetitive behavior D:
Trichotillomania
Excoriation D
AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
-Social interaction impaired
-Repetitive behaviors
+/- Language delay
Vaccine:
Regression in girl >6mon:
Gene:
Drug:
Regression in any gender >2yrs:
Vs catalepsy
5. Psychi-pharmacology
-Max EPS :
AD
A
P
T
-Min EPS, Max metabolic s/e, DOC for refractory psychoses:
-Seizure, Myocarditis,Agranulocytosis :
-QT prolongation, Retinal pigmentation:
-PD induced psychosis DOC:
-Mc side effect of SSRI:
-SIADH, vivid dreams, dry mouth, sweating:
-SPARI:
-Serotonin modulator-5HT1A +, 1B PA, 1D, 3, 7-)
-Antidepressant of choice in pregnancy:
-Min sexual s/e:
-Min wt gain, sedation, Seizures in bulimic, Anti-smoking:
-Priapism:
-TCA toxicity DOC: Hemodialysis:
-Approved for Postpartum depression:
-Drugs with anti-suicide ability:
-Lecanemab:
5HT2A-:
5HT2c-:
31. Glaister-keene rods:
Posterolateral (4-7) hymenal tear:
Medicolegal autopsy, accused examination, emergency:
Res ipsa loquitor:
Doctrine of common knowledge:
Medical maloccurence:
Res Judicata:
Heat stroke:
Abrasion, Contusion, Laceration:
Haase, Morrison rule-
Ashley rule-
Durhan (Product test), Curren, Brawner-
Leading questions-
Superfetation VS Superfecundation:
Barberio test-
Paradoxical undressing-
Charring
Singeing
Blackening
Blisters+
Splashing+
Line of redness+
Ulcers+
Distinct
colouration +
Police inquest: Minimum rank
Sub-inspector-Sexual offences
Head constable-Others
Custodial death/ rape/ disappearance:
Dowry death:
Exhumation:
Sexual Assault case: Duties of doctor
1) Inform police
2) Consent for examination-Age:
3) Psychological counselling
4) Written refusal
5) Provide diagnosis and treatment
Time limit:
Vaginal swab-
Semen sample-
32.
33.
34. PELVIS
All large and wide in
females except:
O
S
A
Features Hanging Strangulation
Direction Oblique Transverse
Continuity Non- continuous Continuous
Level in the neck Above thyroid At or below thyroid
Base Pale, hard,
parchment-like
Soft and reddish
Hyoid fracture Abduction # Adduction #
Change Disease
Complete loss Burns, Celiac disease
Permanent impairment RT, Electrical injury, Leprosy,
Change in distance Acromegaly, Rickets
Ridge alteration Scleroderma, Eczema,
Acanthosis nigricans
SKULL
All large and wide in males except:
-F/P eminence
-Nasal aperture
-Female forehead, orbit, chin round
Putrefaction
delay:
Strychnine,
metallic poison,
Carbolic acid
PM caloricity:
Heat stroke
Pontine
hemorrhage
Sepsis
NOT BURNS
Canthardin
Priapism
Indian red scorpion –
Mesobuthus
Autonomic storm
DOC-
Tactile Hallucination CEA Garlic Odour:
35. CARRY NO RIGHT
No torniquet/incision/cautery/sucking/coffee/alcohol
R-Reassure
I-Immobilize
G-Go to
H-Hospital
T-Tell symptoms Neostigmine + Atropine:
Specific antidote: Polyvalent ASV: effective against Cobra,
Krait, Russel’s viper & Saw scaled viper Given within 4 hrs
41. COMPLICATIONS OF FRACTURES
Dyspnea, Confusion, Petechiae:
Hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, decreased UO post limb trauma:
Wrist flexion leading to spontaneous extension of fingers:
Fasciotomy indication:
Last sign:
Pain and burning of hand with patchy osteoporosis:
H/o Massage:
Stoss therapy:
Supracondylar fracture displacement:
Gunstock deformity:
Fish-tail:
Dinner-fork: FOOSH in:
Order of correction:
Garden-spade: FOOSH in:
42. FABER:
Synovitis
Septic arthritis
Iliotibial band contracture
Anterior dislocation
FADIR:
TB hip arthritis
Posterior dislocation
Phemister’s triad:
Periarticular osteopenia
Erosions
Reduced joint space
O’Donogue triad:
MCL
ACL
Medial meniscus
Terrible triad of elbow:
Elbow dislocation
Radial head #
Coronoid #
BONE FORMATION:
ALP
Osteocalcin
Osteonectin
BONE RESORPTION:
Hydroxyproline
Hydroxylysine
Deoxypridinoline
TRAP
Telopeptide
43. Kites method – Followed
earlier
Ponseti method
now preferred
At birth Manipulation by mother
initial weeks
Manipulation and
cast
Change of cast Every 2 weeks Weekly
Correction order C-A-V-E C-AV-E
Fulcrum while
manipulating
Calcaneocuboid joint Head of talus
Duration of
treatment
6 - 9 months 6 - 8 weeks
50. MR
Depolarising, Hyperkalemia, RSI-
Most cardiostable-
Hoffman elimination(safe in RF/LF)- Byproduct-
Reversal- Sugammadex-
LA: Causing Hypertension:
Most cardiotoxic:
Max dose of lignocaine:
DOC for LAST:
MethHb:
IV anesthetic agents:
DOC for day care/ liver/ kidney/ neuroSx/TIVA/malignant hyperthermia, porphyria
Dissociative anesthesia, DOC in asthma, Cyanotic HD, Shock
CI in hypertension / epilepsy/ glaucoma
DOC in cardiac surgery, S/E Adrenal suppressant
DOC in hyperthyroidism, seizures
MAC 0.2
MAC 0.75
MAC 104
Blood/gas partition coefficient Min:
Max:
Concentration effect, second gas effect, diffusion hypoxia
51. MC circuit in spontaneous:
MC circuit in controlled:
Rate of breathing in CPR
Adults:
Children:
Neonates:
Epinephrine in ACLS:
60. Angle subtended by
topmost letter when
viewed from 6m:
It has 14 lines of 5
Sloan letter
optotypes in each
line in logarithmic
progression. The lines
are of equal difficulty,
and there is a
geometric
progression (LogMar)
in letter size.
70. SCM:
Digastric:
Meatal:
MC:
Indications of Simple Cortical
Mastoidectomy (Schwartz Operation)
CANAL WALL UP
Acute coalescent or masked
mastoiditis
Acute otitis media with reservoir sign
As a initial step to perform:
Endolymphatic sac surgery,
Decompression of facial nerve
Indications of Radical
Mastoidectomy=CANAL WALL DOWN
Residual cholesteatoma
Glomus tumour
Carcinoma middle ear
72. Hyperactive: Same side
Hypoactive: Opp side
Erosion of horizontal SCC
Fenestration surgery
Post-stapedectomy fistula
A false negative fistula :
A false positive fistula :
