The Epidemic Of Tobacco Use Essay

The Epidemic Of Tobacco Use Essay
Salivary Biomarkers
Introduction:
Worldwide, tobacco–use continues to be one of the leading causes of preventable death and has been estimated to kill more than five million people
annually1. Lately, the epidemic of tobacco–use has shifted from developed to developing countries2. It is estimated that by 2030 almost 10 million
people will die from tobacco–use per year, with 70% of these deaths occurring in developing countries. India accounts for one–sixth of the
tobacco–related illnesses worldwide and is estimated to face an exponential increase in tobacco–related mortality from 1.4% of all deaths in 1990 to
13.3% in 20203. In 2010, out of 52.8 million deaths that occurred worldwide out of which 34.5 million deaths were attributable to non communicable
diseases; more than a quarter of these occur in low income and middle income countries4–5. Use of tobacco is one of the major risk factor for
non–communicable disease which is slowly threatening human life5.
Tobacco smoking in any form constitutes a major risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension (HTN), chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), oral, nasopharyngeal, bronchial and other visceral malignancies6 . Smoking 1–4 cigarettes per day significantly increases the risk of
cardiovascular disease7. Smoking also increases the risk of thrombosis8 (8). Smokers are 3 times more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than the non
smokers. Smokeless tobacco users have a higher incidence of diabetes
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Case Study Of Tetra Pak And Nestle
ANSWER NO. 1
Refers to a case examine offered, I came across the problem prevailing between Tetra Pak and Nestle is really a crisis where crisis management has
taken place between both parties. I think, the problem of the crisis I discover the Tetra Pak has lied and attempted to full cover up the problem was
developed by them when Tetra Pak's experience lies in creating safe and responsible presentation for liquid food. In 2005, theprinting ink scare stories
centred on the remember of NestlГ©' s models in Italy, France, Spain and Portugal. The remember was started following the finding of
isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) in the products, requiring regulators and presentation companies to focus on the potential for harm from this compound
found ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Newspaper in the United Empire and ireland reported that ITX could take their products. Nestle issued a statements in China and Singapore,
protecting the safety of these milk in those countries. This can be a Nestle record from Singapore: "We wish to encourage all events that our baby
milk items are safe for use and we adhere to the strict examination and safety requirements needed by the Singapore Agri – Food and Veterinary Power"
(Young, 2005 , p.15). The situations of ITX in milk were reported in the United Claims, Europe and South Africa as well.The above statements are
excerpts from the Case Study given. Here I want to explain that how this crisis become a global crisis. How does it become a global crisis? First of
all, as we all know, Nestle brand is an international brand which is very famous for its dairy products. Around the world, when called Nestle,
everyone will inevitably associate with baby milk products, milk for adults, supplement drinks and snacks like Maggi. So, when the occurrence of a
crisis involving Nestle products, then we will certainly wonder whether the products sold in our country are safe to eat or whether the products sold in
our country involved with ITX incidents reported in countries such as Italy, United States, Canada and South

Essay On Down Membrane
Synthesis and performance of cellulosic nonwoven forward osmosis membrane blend for water desalination
Abstract
Recently, forward osmosis (FO) acquired a growing research area, because of its great potential for low energy consumption and simple configuration
of equipment used. Accordingly, FO was investigated in a broad range of applications, comprising seawater and brackish waterdesalination, wastewater
treatment, food processing and power generation. The development of FO process can be governed by two major factors; the development of
high–performing draw solutions and highly efficient FO membrane. It is the fact to say that, the core of the advancement in the FO process is
dedicated to membrane materials development to fabricate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fouling in FO membrane is physically reversible process that decreases the need for chemical cleaning compared to reverse osmosis (RO) membrane [7,
8].
The development of FO process can be managed by two major factors:1) the development of high–performing draw solutions and 2) using highly
efficient FO membrane.
The desired FO membranes consist of the following characteristics: (1) an ultrathin semi–permeable active layer with a high water flux and high solute
rejection; (2) a thin supporting layer with high porosity and low internal concentration polarization (ICP); (3) hydrophilic nature to enhance water flux
and reduce membrane fouling; and (4) sufficient mechanical strength and robust to sustain backwash, cleaning and vibration in industrial operations [9,
10]. Recently, efforts were done to develop new types of FO membranes with better properties. Based on the fabrication methods, the newly developed
membranes can be classified into two main kinds: cellulosic and thin film composite (TFC).
Nowadays, the most common commercially FO membrane has been the asymmetric CTA membrane. In spite of the CTA membranes have proper
characteristics that including high chlorine resistant and high hydrophobicity, they possess some drawbacks that hinder the future development. The
CTA membranes have limited stability to pH, temperature and microorganisms. Accordingly, the feed and draw solutions must be maintain at pH
between 4 and 6 and temperature below

The Downside to Land Use and Urban Development Essay
The Downside to Land Use and Urban Development
Excessive land use and urban development are a problem, because it causes pollution and it robs animals of their homes. When man extends his
boundaries into nature, nature has no choice but to go somewhere else. Expansion and population are the cause of this environmental problem. I
propose to set a standard for land development for every city. In that I also propose that each city should impose a set number of persons to live in that
city. Each city must impose stricter guidelines for waste management. Finally I propose that the city set limits for development, and expansion.
Land development causes danger to the environment by polluting the air and disrupting geological and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other household gases contribute to the toxic air stirring about in that fog hovering over your city such as Chlorofluorocarbons. CFC's are basically
made of Chlorine, Fluoride and Carbon (Our Poisoned Sky, 27–28). This gas floats up toward the sun into the stratosphere, and breaks apart (due to the
sun's radiation). The Carbon and the Fluoride don't do much but the Chlorine literally eats away at the Ozone layer like an acid. "Why is that bad?"
Might you ask, well it is harmful because the Ozone Layer protects everything on Earth from Ultra Violet Radiation. This in turn makes the Earth
hotter. To make the Earth even hotter add to this Carbon Dioxide (CO2), a pollutant produced by combustion engines and fire, not to be confused with
Carbon Monoxide, also a deadly gas (11). This gases blankets the inner atmosphere, holding most heat in, the term "Green house" is synanomis with
CO2, because it gives reference to a plant greenhouse; which lets light in to heat up the room, but does not let it escape (9). Carbon Dioxide is that
brown cloud hanging over downtown Phoenix. It is usually found in highly populated area (11).
I know what you're thinking, "What the hell is he getting at, well with all of this heating of the atmosphere and eating of Ozone layers, a multitude of
things happen. For one the

Introduction Of Wireless Sensor Networks
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Wireless Sensor Networks refers to incredibly distributed networks of small and lightweight wireless nodes with very confined capabilities, deployed in
large numbers in an open environment to monitor the environmental conditions by measuring physical parameters such as temperature, pressure,
humidity etc. Each and every node (sensor) has a microprocessor and a small amount of memory for sensing, signal processing and for communication
purposes. Each sensor node communicates wirelessly with different regional nodes within its radio conversation range. Deployment of WSN's evade
installation costs however at the same time power efficiency as a main challenge. A scheme of a wireless sensor node connected to the internet is
shown in Fig. 1: wireless sensor networks ordinarily contains sensing unit, processing unit, transmission unit and power unit.
Sensing unit: Sensing unit is made up of a sensor and analog to digital converters (ADCs) which converts analog signal produced by sensor to digital
signal. Sensor converts physical phenomenon to electrical signal.
Processing unit: The processing unit constitutes of a microprocessor or microcontroller which control sensors, execution of communication protocols
and signal processing algorithms on the collected sensor data.
Transmission unit: Transmission unit collects the information from the CPU and then transmit it to the end user in the outside world.
Power unit: In wireless sensor community, the major

The Importance Of Deep Cryogenic Treatment
In a study by (GonzГЎlez, RodrГguez et al. 2017) the inп¬‚uence of deep cryogenic treatment followed by a double tempering at 150В°C on the
erosive wear resistance of high velocity oxy–fuel (HVOF) WC–10Co–4Cr coating was evaluated. Austenitic 304 stainless steel plates (400 mm_95
mm_7 mm) were used as substrates. Agglomerated and sintered WC–10Co–4Cr Praxair spherical powder with particle size ranging between 20 and 45
Вµm was used as feedstock. The coatings were fabricated by the HVOF spray process using their own deposition parameters. Cryogenically treated
coatings displayed better erosive resistance at low impact angles such as 30В° and both particle impact testing velocities i.e.100 m/s and 130 m/s. In
contrast, at higher angles between... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also, refined layers with nano–grains (grain size of approximately 40 nm) were formed in the cryogenically burnished surface, in which an average
hardness increase of 9.5%, 17.5% and 24.8% within the 200 m depth are achieved in comparison with the hardness values obtained from dry
burnishing, at the corresponding burnishing speeds of 25, 50 and 100 m/min. Refined surface layers with ultra–fine grains or nano–grains could be
generated during the burnishing process due to imposed severe plastic deformation and the associated dynamic recrystallization (DRX). These harder
layers with compressive residual stresses induced by the burnishing process also provide added benefits by enhancing wear/corrosion resistance and
increasing the fatigue life of the components. (Tillmann, Hollingsworth et al. 2015) suggested the thermally sprayed п¬Ѓne structured WC–12Co
coatings п¬Ѓnished by ball burnishing and grinding as an innovative approach to protect forming tools against wear. Thermal spraying is presented as
a cost efп¬Ѓcient and more п¬‚exible approach to protect the surface of forming tools against wear.. The planar samples were used to ascertain the
sliding and rolling wear behavior within two standardized test methods (Ball–on–Disc and Taber Abraser tests). The coated dies were smoothened by
ball burnishing as well as grinding and afterwards

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Deep Sea Oil Rig
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction1
Types of Deep Sea Oil Rig Platform2
1. Spar2
Overview and structures2
Construction method2
2. Subsea system3
3. Tension leg platform4
Conclusion5
Reference6
Appendix A: Spar7
Appendix B: Subsea System8
Appendix C: Tension Leg Platform9 INTRODUCTION
An offshore platform which is also known as oil rig is utilised on exploration oil and gas from under seabed and processing. It consists of facilities
for drilling, storing and process as well as extracting product. The wells are drilled and platforms are constructed for the operation. An oil rig is
constructed to draw out oil or gas from the seafloor. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
TENSION LEG PLATFORM
Overview and structures
A tension leg platform (TLP) is a floating platform that held in position by securing tension legs to the foundation at the seabed. The followings are the
compartment or system of the tension leg platform.
The foundation can be either steel piles, templates or a gravity foundation. Its function is to link the seafloor with the TLP. The foundations are
constructed onshore and transported to the site. Templates are only used when needed. A template is used to set a frame on the seafloor to provide a
layout for the location of wells and foundation to be installed.

The hull provides buoyancy to the platform. It also holds the deck and its facilities. A typical hull has four air–filled columns supported by pontoons.
The floating structure requires mooring systems or tension legs to stay in position. In TLP, the mooring system consists of tension legs which secure
the foundation to the hull. Their length depends on water depth.
Units or elements of the surface facilities are known as modules. Modules which consist of the wellbay, power, process, quarters and drilling is fixed
to the deck.
A production riser conveys products from the well to the equipments on the platform.
Construction

Biophysics Training Grant
Training Grant Application Research Statement Eduardo Vega
–Lozada The Biophysics Training Grant will provide a tremendous opportunity for me to
expand my knowledge in biophysics both in the classroom and through experimental research. The coursework will provide essential exposure to
molecular biology, physical biology, and biophysics coursework that was absent from my undergraduate degree in physics. Here I will outline my
research targets for the training grant period as well as how the program will enable me to reach my long term career goals. Summary of Lipid
Dynamics Project. Lipid membranes are highly dynamic. Lipid membranes are highly dynamic. In 1972, Singer and Nicholson introduced the mosaic
bilayer model, which suggests that membranes are two dimensional homogeneous liquid. Nowadays with a better understanding of the dynamics
occurring at the molecular level of membranes, we are aware of their transverse and lateral heterogeneities. Studies suggest the existence of the so
called lipid rafts. These are sub–domains with unique lipid and protein composition, in general with high concentrations of cholesterol and
glycosphingolipids. They are believed to play an important role on cell... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fluorescence microscopy based techniques are essential tools for measuring the dynamics of molecules in living cells and can be used to approach a
variety of biological questions. The microscopy techniques applied in our lab can be subdivided into Time–resolved Fluorescence Anisotropy (TRFA)
and Fluorescence Bleaching Techniques A combination of these complementary methods allows for a comprehensive analysis on multiple length and
time scales. The microscope is intended to work in two modes, these are: single photon counting (two avalanche photodiode for measuring both parallel
and perpendicular polarization of sample emissions) and imaging (ccd camera). The new design adds Fluorescent Recovery After Photobleaching
(FRAP) to these current

Synthesis And Testing Of Aa2014 Al2o3
Synthesis And Testing of AA2014
–Al2O3(alpha) Nano Composite
Abstract–Al2O3 reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composites give advanced mechanical & physical properties. They have voluminous applications in
automobile, aerospace, defense, sports, electronics, bio–medical and other industrial fields. Various manufacturing techniques like stir casting,
ultra–sonic assisted casting, compo–casting, powder metallurgy, liquid infiltration are used for the production of the aluminium matrix composites.
These composites reveal advanced physical and mechanical properties like lower density, low coefficient of thermal expansion, good corrosion
resistance, high tensile strength, high stiffness, high hardness and wear resistance. Our paper reviews the characterization of mechanical properties like
tensile strength, hardness with production route of casting for aluminium matrix– Al2O3 composites. Al2O3 agglomeration along with the increasing
volume percentage is still a challenging task in composites materials manufacturing. 0.5% by weight of pure magnesium powder is used as wetting
agent. Process parameters are optimized for the stir casting process of aluminium composite. Tensile and hardness test microstructure study was
performed to find the deviation from the aluminium alloy.
Keywords: Agglomeration, stir casting, aluminium composite.
I. INTRODUCTION
The use of Aluminium alloys in aerospace and automobile industries are remarkable due to their low density and good mechanical properties.

Essay about thesis
D6T thermal sensor and People Counting Algorithm
In this thesis work, a new indoor people counting algorithm is created by using Omron D–6T thermal sensor and Raspberry Pi. The sensor periodically
generate thermal map of heat emitted in its field of view which is a one dimension array and pass the array to Raspberry for further processing. The
people counting algorithm is created in Raspberry Pi by processing thermal map generated by D6T. After processing thenumber of people indoor is
obtained. This chapter presents the hardware structure used including D6T thermal sensor and Raspberry Pi, moreover the people counting algorithm
is discussed in detail.
D6T thermal sensor
D6T is a new product which is designed by Omron and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The devices connected with I2C bus are either master nodes or slave nodes. The master node generates the clock and initiates communication with
slaves while the slave node receives clock signal and give a response to the master when its address is requested. It is necessary to stress that I2C bus is
a multi–master bus which means any number of master nodes can be attached. Usually a bus device operates in one or two modes of four modes
operation which are master transmit, master receive, slave transmit and slave receive. Initially the master starts master transmit mode by sending a
start bit followed by the address of the slave it wished to communicate with, after this a command would be sent and tells the slave whether it would
write or read from the slave. If the slave exists on the bus and it will shake hands with master by sending an ACK bit (active low for acknowledged).
"S"
Start Condition
"Sr"
Repeat Start Condition
"P"
Stop Condition
"W/R"
Write(Lo)/Read(Hi)
"ACK"

Acknowledge reply
"NACK"
No–acknowledge reply
Figure 4. Signal chart of D6T thermal sensor
Figure 4 is signal chart of Omron D6T thermal sensor. It starts operation by sending "S", followed by the address. After receiving "ACK", it sends a
read command and receives an "ACK" as well. Afterwards, "Sr" is sent and after another "ACK" is received, the master

Unit 1 Study Guide Essays
Chapter 1
– Which one of the following is not a role for bioremediation?
Curing infectious diseases
– All of the following are examples of new emerging infectious diseases except
Chickenpox
– Normal microbiota: Beneficial microbial inhabitants of the body
– Golden Age of Microbiology: Rapid discovery of basic microbiology principles – Re–emerging diseases: Once controlled by preventative public
health measures they are now on the rise – Prions: Resistant to the usual sterilization procedures for pathogens – Spontaneous generation: The converse
of biogenesis – Acellular infectious agent: Chemical composition includes RNA or DNA
– In the scientific name Bacillus anthracis, the term Bacillus is the genus name
– include ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This test uses a: selective medium
Chapter 5
– Low temperature is: bacteriostatic – Heavy metals generally kill microorganisms by reacting with protein sulfhydryl groups to disrupt function
– Chlorhexidine is a biguanide used to wash hands and clean wounds superficially – The chemical counterpart of the autoclave uses ethylene oxide with
an inert gas
– HEPA filters are used to filter which one of the following?
Air
– Ultraviolet light is valuable for reducing the microbial population in the air of a hospital room
– Of the following, the most efficient method for sterilization of a bacteriological transfer loop is the direct flame
– Triclosan destroys bacteria by disrupting cell membranes
– Which one of the following elements would be classified as a halogen
Chlorine
– Moist heat kills microorganisms by denaturation – A substance that has been pasteurized is not considered sterile

5 out of 8 points
Autoclave: Vegetative microorganisms, and endospores
Direct Flame: Vegetative microorganisms, and endospores
Boiling water for 10

Weaknesses Of Tetra Pak
Weaknesses: Following factors are included in the weakness of Tetra Pak; пѓ One of the biggest weakness of Tetra Pak is that it is primarily
dependent on dairy products. пѓ Unfortunately Tetra Pak is losing sales volume in Western Europe пѓ Some of the competitors are priced below
Tetra Pak's pricing пѓ A big weakness of Tetra Pak Pakistan is that they don't practice internal hiring пѓ With all the other types of packaging
solutions, Tetra Pak is weaker in a weaker position when it comes to plastic packaging пѓ Though Tetra Pak maintains a long history with Pontero,
there is now a potential of crack in their relationship. Opportunities: пѓ There is a great potential in the plastic packaging market and Tetra Pak is
growing in the same very rapidly пѓ The rise of "Enriched Milk" is a great opportunity for... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When it comes to hiring new employees, Tetra Pak is very picky and strict in choosing the people who are goal–oriented, self–confident, team players,
humble and people who can manage to balance both the results/outputs and relations simultaneously. The other good thing about Tetra Pak is that its
employees are always paid a handsome salary, along with bonuses which are entirely based on their overall performance in the organization.
Nevertheless Tetra Pak is strict about the dress code of its employees, especially managerial level and above employees. When it comes to Tetra Pak
Pakistan, there are so many events that happen around the year. These events include movie nights, dinners, and even a grand family reunion in which
all the current and ex–employees are invited with their families. The family reunion for 2014 just happened on Dec 20, 2014 at Country Club Lahore,
Pakistan. There were all sorts of activities for kids and adults both. Food items, songs, adult games and prize distribution are the main focus of such
events. Economic

What Is The Positive Effects Of Canning Food
MethodDescription of methodPositive effectsNegative effects CanningFood contents are processed and sealed in an air tight container. Is also a
common method that has been used for centuries to preserve food from spoilage?Eco friendly–excellent way to reduce you impact on the environment.
Canning provides a shelf life typically ranging from one to five years, although under specific circumstances it can be much longer.loss of nutrients,
including fat–soluble vitamins, occur during the heating step of the canning process and throughout their long shelf lives. Canned fruits and vegetables
have about 35 percent of the vitamins and minerals their fresh counterparts contain. The canning process can be an all–day affair, so you should take
into consideration the significant time investment for preparing, processing and waiting. FreezingFreezing, is a food processing method that preserves
food by lowering the temperature to inhibit microorganism growth. The method has been used for centuries in cold regionsIt prevents the growth of
microorganisms that cause both food spoilage and foodborne illness. Freezing to 0 В°F inactivates any microbes – bacteria, yeasts and molds – present
in food.Vitamins B and C are lost in the freezing process. Antioxidants, which protect you from cell damage, are also lower in frozen fruits than they
are in fresh fruits Vacuum packedVacuum packing reduces atmospheric oxygen, limiting the growth of aerobic bacteria or fungi, and preventing the
evaporation of volatile components. It is also commonly used to store dry foods over a long period of time, such as cereals, nuts, cured meats,
cheese, smoked fish, coffee, and potato chips (crisps).No contamination. Prevention of freezer burn. Extended shelf life of food products. No loss of
product. Improvement of food quality. There are types of bacteria that cause diseases which prefer low oxygen environments and grow very well in
foods that have been vacuum packed. UHT (Ultra–high temperature)and means that milk is heated to about 280 degrees F for 2 seconds, which kills
more bacteria (both good and bad) than traditional pasteurization therefore giving the milk a much longer shelf life before it spoils.High quality. Also,

Food Preservatives
Introduction
A preservative is a naturally occurring or synthetically produced substance that is added to products such as foods, pharmaceuticals, paints, biological
samples, wood, etc. to prevent decomposition by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes. All food products except for the one growing
in our kitchen garden have food preservatives in them. Every manufacturer adds food preservatives to the food during processing. The purpose is
generally to avoid spoilage during the transportation time.
Food is very important for the survival, so food preservation is one of the oldest techniques used by human beings to avoid its spoilage. Different ways
and means have been found and improved for the purpose. Boiling, freezing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
4. Boiling (heating, including pasteurization)
Food can be made sterile by heating it to over 70В°C (pasteurization) with the bacteria being killed or by raising the temperature to over 120В°C
Ultra High Temperature (UHT). This higher temperature will kill all spores as well. Food is generally canned after heating so it will last for many
months.
5. Vacuum packing
This preserves food as it removes the oxygen that

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Nanofluids
NANOFLUIDS
Shreya Ghosh
Abstract:
Nanofluids are nanometer sized engineered colloidal suspension of nanoparticles in base fluids. These fluids have unique transport properties and do
not settle under gravity. These fluids have tremendous application in the field of heat transfer, extraction process, industrial cooling and microscale
fluid applications. Pioneering nanofluids research in ANL has inspired many intellectual minds to unravel the tremendous potential of these fluids.
Little is known about the nanoparticles and there is huge scope of theoretical understanding and experimental models. Recent researches have indicated
that substitution of conventional coolants by nanofluids appears promising. Based on results available in the literatures, it has been found nanofluids
have a much higher and strongly temperature–dependent thermal conductivity at very low particle concentrations ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The agglomeration of nanoparticles result in the clogging of microchannels nd hence seems to be major challenge in the advancement of heat transfer
fluids. The stability of Nanofluids can be enhanced by using surfactant and the other way is surface modification technique.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Nanofluids:
High specific surface area and hence more heat transfer surface between particles and fluid. Nanofluids show high dispersion stability with predominant
Brownian motion of particles. Presence of nanofluids results in reduction of particle clogging as compared to conventional fluids thus promoting
system miniaturization. These new engineered fluids have adjustable properties including thermal conductivity and surface wet ability, by varying
particle concentrations.
Application:
Nanofluids have immense potential applications in the field of heat transfer. With the advancement of nanotechnology the new methods are fabricated
to enhance the properties of

Why Did Pran Buy Venture Into The Dairy Industry? Essay
B. Why did PRAN wish to venture into the dairy industry? Among the agro industries in Bangladesh PRAN is one of the largest industry. Pran is
also exporting its item in more than 80 countries. Beverages like fruit juice, cola, water and many other things are being produced by pran. Late in
2002, key decision makers of Bangladesh's largest agro–processing company PRAN–RFL Group were forward with a new business idea. As Arong and
Milk Vita were leading largest share of the milk in the market. So PRAN also wanted to emerge in the market with dairy business. While other
companies expanded their businesses by entering into existing markets. The project is to introduce international best practices and knowledge in
efficient dairy farming to poor, small scale dairy farmers in Bangladesh as well as establishing a milk collection system allowing collection and
preservation of growing volumes of high quality raw milk. This will lead to increased well being of all people living in the villages covered by the 5
dairy hubs.RAN has the ambition to help increase Bangladesh's milk production from the present 1.75 billion liters per year to exceed 3.5 billion
litres by 2025. By 2025, PRAN expects milk powder imports to be fully replaced by locally produced and collected milk. Why did it decide to enter
with UHT milk, which was a relatively new concept for the milk consumers in Bangladesh? Pran decided to sell the UHT milk because there were two
market player Arong and Milk vita that had

Tetrafluoro Phthalate Crystalss And Their Types Of Crystals
Semi–organic nonlinear optical materials are receiving a great deal of attention, as they have large optical susceptibilities, inherent ultra fast response
times and high optical thresholds for laser power compared with inorganic materials. In the present investigation, a systematic study has been carried
out on the growth of pure and doped Tetrafluoro Phthalate crystals. The lattice parameters find through Powder X–ray diffraction analysis for the
grown pure and doped crystals. The functional groups, stretching are found through FT–IR analysis, optical, absorption studies through UV–Vis
analysis, Thermal studies under TG/DTA analysis, through Vickers test and LCR metre the microhardness and dielectric studies were also carried out for
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since, for the past three decades, one could see that there are lot of developments in science and technology– especially, in the fields of electronics,
fibre–optic communication and lasers [12]. The scientific community achieving this development in functional materials through the single crystals of
Si, Ge and GaAs with NLO properties [13]. To enable a material to be potentially useful for NLO applications the material should be available in
bulk Tetrafluoro Phthalate crystals (TFP). Also research into the growth of large single crystals TFP of from aqueous solution is currently serving as
the important avenue to general progress in understanding many fundamental concepts of crystallization [14]. The effect of seed of different
orientations on the habit of c and the change of morphology while doping with dyes have been investigated [15]. Experimental The TFP (C6H2F4O4)
in Millipore water, the saturated solution TFP was prepared. The prepared solution was kept in the dust free atmosphere used clean– room. The
prepared saturated solution of TFP was carefully filtered and poured in to the beaker, and controls the nucleation near the surface region. The possible
morphology of the TFP crystal of commonly growth face (001). TFP crystal cleavage faces find application as substrates in epitaxial techniques [16].
The TFP crystal was cleaving perpendicular to the (001) direction, this face and plane of crystal in this study [17]. Under optimized condition highly

Ultrasound Technology Essay
What is Ultrasound?
Ultrasound or ultrasonography is a medical imaging technique that uses high frequency sound waves. It is a high pitch frequency that cannot be heard
by the human ear. In ultra sound the following happens: High frequency sound pulses (1–5megahertz) are transmitted from the ultrasound machine into
your body using a probe. The sound wave will travel into your body until it hits an object such as soft tissue and bone. When the sound wave hits
these objects some of the wave will be reflected back to the probe. While some waves may carry on further till they hit another object and then
reflected back. The probe picks up these reflected sound waves and relays them to the machine. The distance and time from the probe, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The probe also has an acoustic lens this helps to focus the emitted sound waves. The transducer probe can come in many different shapes and sizes.
The field of view depends on the shape of the probe. Also the frequency of the waves emitted determines how deep the sound waves will penetrate
and also the resolution of the image that will be produced. Probes can be used to move across the body but they can also be inserted through various
openings. E.g. orally, this enables the probe to get closer to object that is being examined. Being closer to the object may allow for more detailed views.
The central processing unit is basically the brains behind the ultrasound machine. It is a computer that sends the electric current to the probe to tell it
to emit the sound waves. It also receives the electrical pulses from the probe which received the sound waves that were reflected back. The CPU
processes all the calculations and all the data the probe receives. Once this information has been processed, the CPU forms an image on the monitor. It
can also store the data into its memory. Transducer pulse controls allows the operator of the machine to set and change the frequency and duration of
the ultrasound pulses.
The display or the monitor allows for the data that has been processed by the CPU to be displayed as an image. Images can be displayed in black and
white or in color depending on the make and model of the

Cryogenics Essay
In Physics, Cryogenics is the study of the Production of Very Low Temperature (Below в€’150 В°C, в€’238 В°F or 123 K) and the Behavior of
Materials at those Temperatures. A person who studies Elements under Extremely Cold Temperature is called a Cryogenicist. Rather than the Relative
Temperature Scales of Celsius and Fahrenheit, Cryogenicists use the AbsoluteTemperature Scales. These are Kelvin (SI units) or Rankine scale
(Imperial & US units). Cryogenics: The Branches of Physics and Engineering that involve the Study of Very Low Temperatures, How to Produce
Them, and How Materials Behave at those Temperatures.Cryobiology: The Branch of Biology involving the Study of the Effects of Low Temperatures
on Organisms (Most Often for the Purpose of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Based on this theory of cryogenic hardening, the commercial cryogenic processing industry was founded in 1966 by Ed Busch. With a background in
the heat treating industry, Busch founded a company in Detroit called CryoTech in 1966. Though CryoTech later merged with 300 Below to create the
largest and oldest commercial cryogenics company in the world, they originally experimented with the possibility of increasing the life of metal tools
to anywhere between 200%–400% of the original life expectancy using cryogenic tempering instead of heat treating. This evolved in the late 1990s
into the treatment of other parts (that did more than just increase the life of a product) such as amplifier valves (improved sound quality), baseball
bats (greater sweet spot), golf clubs (greater sweet spot), racing engines (greater performance under stress), firearms (less warping after continuous
shooting), knives, razor blades, brake rotors and even pantyhose. The theory was based on how heat–treating metal works (the temperatures are
lowered to room temperature from a high degree causing certain strength increases in the molecular structure to occur) and supposed that continuing the
descent would allow for further strength increases. Using liquid nitrogen, CryoTech formulated the first early version of the cryogenic processor.
Unfortunately for the newly born industry, the results were unstable, as components sometimes experienced thermal shock when they

Mcdonald's Supply Chain Analysis
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT OF McDONALD'S INDIA Company Introduction. McDonalds is a fast food chain with restaurants all over the
world. McDonalds is world's leading food service retailer with more than 31,000 restaurants in 119 countries serving more than 50 million customers
each day. In India, McDonalds is a joint–venture company managed by two Indians. While Amit Jatia, M.D. Hardcastle Restaurants Pvt.Ltd owns the
spearheads McDonalds in west and south India, McDonalds restaurants in north and east India are owned and managed by Vikram Bhakshi's
Connaught Plaza Restaurants Pvt.Ltd. Celebrating over 12 years of leadership in food... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Value–added services like shredding of lettuce, re–packing of promotional items continued since then at the centres playing a vital role in maintaining
the integrity of the products throughout the entire 'cold chain'. The operations and accounting is totally transparent and is subject to regular audits.
McDonald's had worked aggressively to attain the right suppliers and systems that ensured that 90 per cent of yield was indigenous before the doors
were opened to consumers. The only products that they used to import were oil and fries, for which they have had made arrangements to manufacture
the oil in India. They ensure that the products developed locally abide by global McDonald's standards. Over the last 10 years, the company has gained
experience and adopted procedures that helped in maintaining a continuous supply of food products irrespective of the climatic conditions. Their
logistics and warehousing system is robust that prepares them to deliver products at the same temperature throughout, without a single break in the
cold chain. Key suppliers for McDonald's India The relationship between McDonald's and its Indian suppliers is mutually beneficial. As McDonald's
expands in India, the supplier gets the opportunity to expand his business, have access to the latest in food technology, exposure to advanced
agricultural practices and the ability

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of UPLC?
1.5.2.3 UPLC columns Columns play a vital role in UPLC. Without smaller particles, the vows of the van Deemter equation cannot be satisfied.
Researchers have been very active in the design and development of sub 2Ојm particles to capitalize on advantages of smaller size particles (Jerkovich
et al., 2003; Wu et al., 2001). Nonporous 1.5Ојm particles with high efficiency columns are commercially available, but they have some disadvantages
of low surface area, leading to poor loading capacity and retention. To withstand high pressures, UPLC must use a novel porous particle to maintain
retention and capacity similar to HPLC. Silica based particles used in columns have good mechanical strength, but it has some disadvantages, which
include tailing of basic components and a limited pH range. Another alternative is polymeric columns, which can overcome pH limitations, but these
columns have their own issues containing limited capacities and low efficiency. A first–generation hybrid chemistry introduced by Waters in 2000 is
called XTerra that combines advantageous properties of polymeric and silica columns. These... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It decreases process cycle time and persuade quality of end–product with reduced run time and decreased the cost of operation. Through the use of a
novel column material of very small particle size, it provides quick analysis and increases sensitivity. It reduces the solvent consumption and raises
sample throughput and also supports real–time analysis in step with manufacturing processes. Table 1.2: Comparison between HPLC and UPLC
ComparisonHPLCUPLC Particle size3–5 ВµmLess than 2 Вµm Maximum back pressure35 to 40 MPa103.5 MPa Analytical ColumnAlltima
C18ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 Column dimensions150 Г—3.2 mm150Г—2.1 mm Injection Volume5 ВµL2 ВµL Analysis timeMoreLess
SensitivityLessHigher 1.6 ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT

Risperidone: Liquid Chromatographic Analysis
EC used also in used in quantification analysis of risperidone [20–21].However, it is used in pharmacokinetic studies is restricted due to long time for
stabilizing the detector, interference of endogenous compound as well as the limitation of mobile phase. Methods using Mass spectrometry detector
combined with Liquid chromatography(LC–MS and LC–MS–MS) have been developed. Among the currently available bioanalytical techniques,
ultra–performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) has gained a considerable attention in recent years and has been shine out as the most favorite
analytical tool for pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis because of its high speed, lower consumption of solvent and time, better resolution and
better sensitivity.
The present study was carried out for the development and validation of an UPLC method coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) for
the determination of risperidone and its active metabolite 9–hydroxyrisperidoine in small volumes of plasma. The method consists of simple
chromatographic condition with one step sample preparation process having enough sensitive, high–throughput method and was successfully applied
for the pharmacokinetic study of risperidone in rats.
Material and Methods
Standard stock solutions RIS, 9–OH–RIS and OLA (IS) were prepared using... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Protein precipitation can be helpful in producing a clean sample and avoiding endogenous substances in plasma with the analytes and IS onto the
column and MS system. Clean samples are essential for minimizing ion suppression and matrix effect in UPLC–MS/MS analysis. 2 organic solvents:
methanol and acetonitrile were evaluated. Finally acetonitrile was found to be optimal, which can yield the highest recovery and produce a clean
chromatogram for a blank plasma sample and for the analytes from plasma.

Innovation of Hydrothermal Synthesis from the Past and...
INNOVATION OF HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS FRON THE PAST & PRESENT Traditional Hydrothermal Synthesis since the end of the
19th century, hydrothermal synthesis of inorganic materials has been carried out. It is defined as the precipitation of these materials from
aqueous solutions at temperatures above the boiling point and at pressures greater than ambient pressure. This method is actually
environmentally because it does not require any organics or additional processing such as calcinations. That is the reason why it has been widely
used for synthesis of a wide range of materials especially metal oxides such as hematite and quartz. Hydrothermal synthesis of quartz was
demonstrated several decades ago and now currently used commercially. The traditional hydrothermal synthesis method is carried out in an
autoclave type reactor where an aqueous solution is heated slowly to a certain temperature and then aged for several hours or days. In the case of the
formation of metal oxides, hydrothermal synthesis method is generally involve two reactions which are hydrolysis of the meal salts followed by
dehydration. M(NO ) x + xH O = M(OH) x + xHNO (Hydrolysis) H O x M OH x MOx / 2 2 2 ( ) = + (Dehydration) This method is normally at around
373–473 K. During the heat–up period, the above reactions take place to produce nuclei and eventually crystals. During hydrothermal reactions
resulting in materials with the desired microstructure and properties, the homogeneous nucleation and grain

Internet Of Things ( Iot ) Is Rapidly Increasing...
ABSTRACT Internet of things (IoT) is rapidly increasing technology with day by day. IoT is the network of physical objects or things which is
embedded with electronics components, software or languages like python, Microcontroller, PLC etc. sensors like temperature, humidity, smoke
sensor and gas lekage or stepper motor, and network connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and exchange the data. In this a system
which will automatically monitor the industrial applications and generatethe alerts/alarms using buzzer or display with using the concept of IoT.
IoT has given us a promising way to build powerful industrial automation systems and applications by using wireless devices, android, and sensors.
INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROJECT SUMMARY AND TNTRODUCTION: Automation is nowadays playing a very massive part nowadays for many
manufacturing and packaging and various industries. It also plays anvery integral part in many process of pharmaceutical and related industries. Also,
IoT used in big chemicals plants, many different processes are being taken place in sections. So, to keep a record of certain parameters of the
chemicals, sensors which can measure the temperature, pressure, various ph value, etc. But, due to the, large distance and the considerable amounts of
processes being undertaken day by day, maintaining the record of each and every processes individually areimpracticals. So, a network is created in
which there are connected to all the

Ultra High Temperature Ceramics (UHTC) Essay
Ultra high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) are materials rarely found in nature, characterized by high melting points, hardness, thermal conductivities
(if compared to other ceramics), good wear resistance and mechanical strength.1,2,3 Besides, they are chemically and thermally stable under a variety of
conditions due to their high negative free energy of formation.1,3
The materials that fit in these criteria are ceramics compounds made of borides, nitrides and carbides. As a result of having those properties, this class
of material can be applied in extreme environments such as extreme temperatures, chemical reactivity and erosive attack. Because of that, in the 1950's,
studies started to analyze the possibility of using them to coat ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This synthesis is demonstrated by reaction 1.1 It is considerably endothermic (в€†H0298K=1475.6 kJ) and the free energy associated to it, is
presented in equation 1.1 To ensure the formation of the diboride over carbide, B2O3 is add in higher amount than stoichiometric quantity, so it will
be in the product as an impurity as well as carbides and carbon.1
ZrO2(c) + B2O3(l) +5C(g) в†’ ZrB2(cr) + 5CO(g) reaction 1
в€†G0=1431– 0.803T (kJ) equation 1
From equation 1 is possible to affirm that the reaction is thermodynamically possible to occur in temperatures higher than 1782.1В°C. So, usually they
perform the reaction at 2000В°C.
Another route can be used to synthesized diborides, in which elemental precursor powders are used to produce ZrB2, as shown in reaction 2.1
Zr + 2B в†’ ZrBr2 reaction 2
This direct reaction is highly exothermic (в€†H0298K=
–323 kJ) and the heat produced is enough to ignite a self–propagation reaction, also known as
combustion synthesis, so the reaction need an amount of energy to start, but once started it can

Ultraviolet And Its Effects On Society
We all know that without sunlight, Life is impossible on earth. Its spectrum extends from about 290nm to 3000nm.Human body use sunlight to make
vitamin D in body but It need s small amount of energy but too much exposure to sunlight can result skin damage I.e. sunburn, premature skin ageing,
allergies And can even cause skin cancer. This is caused by the ultra violet region of the sun light as shown in fig. Ultra Violet Region Ultra violet
region is divided into three parts UV–A region (315 to 400 nm) UV–B region (280 to 315 nm) UV–C region (200 to 280 nm) Divinely, nature has
stratospheric ozone layer in atmosphere to absorb UVB (partially) and UVC and to block it to reach on earth surface. The region 100–280 nm is... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also textile on the body plays an important role in stopping these radiations. When UVR strikes on textile surfaces, part of it can be transmitted,
absorbed, and reflected by the textiles as shown in Figure. Diverse material filaments tend to retain a piece of UVR and proselyte it into an alternate
vitality structure. An alternate piece of radiation is reflected or scattered by the fiber itself and this may be a piece of transmitted radiation, on the
grounds that an alternate piece of UVR transmits straightforwardly through the fabric by means of interstices in the middle of strands and yarns in the
fabrics. It is evident that the clothing provides UV protection up to some extent. Clothing is associated with several factors which governs the
effectiveness of UVR protection. In addition to the fibrous material, the fabric properties like fabric sett, fiber blend composition, tightness of weave,
thickness, and areal density also affects the UPF of resultant fabrics. Wet processing of materials (bleaching, use of UV Absorbers, and coloration)
additionally impacts the UVR protection capacity of materials and some restoration exercises like wetness, extend, high temperature, or chemical
treatment. It has been discovered that filaments containing conjugated fragrant framework like PET are more compelling for UVR retention. The
cellulosic strands having no double bond in their molecular backbone have low

Taking A Closer Look Into The World Of Milk
TAKING A CLOSER LOOK INTO THE WORLD OF MILK. With the continual improvement of technology and the advancement of society does
anybody stop to ask where does it all come from? This report will outline the significance of milk as a resource, the extraction of milk and the history
of extraction, the refinement process, the variety of uses and also proposed sustainability to determine whether milk is a sustainable resource for our
future. Kayla Heard Science in Practice Mrs Pines Table Contents Cover Page Page 1 Introduction Page 2 Extraction Page 3 Refinement Page 4
пѓ Pasteurization пѓ Homogenization пѓ Separating How is Flavoured Milk Made? Page 5 Utilisation Page 6 Sustainability Page 7 Introduction:
All kinds of natural resources are used everyday minerals, wood,

The Semiconductor Industry : The Use Of Information...
In conclusion, one potential use for RRAM is in the aerospace industry, which requires radiation–hardened characteristics. In aerospace and nuclear
environment, the non–volatile memories gen–erally serve as distributed memories to provide non–volatile data storage or data recordings to measure
and track high–speed events. At present, Flash memory is the widely used technology in such radiation environment, offering both high storage density
and immunity to power failure. However, given the previous arguments, our team believes that RRAM devices are far more suit–able for aerospace
applications offering a better performance in the extreme conditions a space–craft has to operate. 2.Use in Semiconductor Industry a. Description of...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. Longer lifetime and lower energy consumption. For the modern family–used vehicle, the best driving lifetime is about 8–10 years,150–200 thousand
kilometers mileage. Undoubtedly, the en–durance of the memory devices and storage should be longer than this time period to ensure that vehicles are
functioning properly. 3. Wider temperature range. There is an automobile water temperature meter in the vehicles, which measures the temperature at
which the engine and electric systems work. The regular tem–perature shows on the meter should be in the range of 80–100в„ѓ. Thus, the memory
devices should be able to work under condition with high temperature. For instance, there is an example that attempts to put RRAM into automotive
manufacture, is Crossbar. Crossbar Inc., also known as the leader of the research in RRAM, shows competitive advantages in the memory market
and its relative applications can put it to good use in a plenty of fields and areas. Compared to NAND flash memory, Crossbar RRAM technology
reduces reading delay and increases the speed of read–in. Moreover, unlike NAND flash memory, it is unrestricted to establish a memory array in large
modules as well as be independently erased in atomic order. This brand–new storage framework simplifies the memory controller, and it provides
customer bet–ter experience of read–in, lower power dissipation, as well as longer life cycle of saving data.

Cryogenic Treatment Of Thermal Properties And Dimensional...
Introduction Copper and copper alloys are widely applied in instruments and machines due to its high strength, excellent properties of thermal
conductivity, and low price.With the rapid development of modern industry, people put forward higher demands for Cu alloy.The demand is in both
terms quality as well as quantity, for the latter part research has been focused on the improvements in extraction processes, mining from ores than
further extraction of copper to its purest form to increase productivity in measures of quantity. Also from a long time quality of metals is also a big
challenge for a metallurgist. Quality measured in many terms like wear resistant, corrosion resistant, ductility, conductivity(both electrical and thermal),
durability, abrasion etc. But as a metallurgical engineer our focus is on improving the mechanical properties like hardness, yield strength, ductility,
corrosion resistance (environment specific), thermal properties and microstructure. It has been observed that cryogenic treatment can play the effects
of increasing mechanical properties and dimensional stability. Cryogenic treatment of metals and alloys is relatively cheap, economical and eco
friendly process to enhance its mechanical properties.In this case study, the main is on low stacking fault copper based alloys and processes to
improve its mechanical properties.Cryogenic treatment (in this case case severe cryogenic deformation) is used for copper alloys to improve its
mechanical

Yakult Essay
Zakir ALI ALAMI
Yakult's Operation Management Process: Research Activities
Part A: Background Information
Questions
1) What is Yakults corporate philosophy?
Ans: Yakult 's greatest goal is to bring smiles to faces everywhere. The global corporate philosophy of the Yakult Group is:
"We contribute to the health and happiness of people around the world through pursuit of excellence in life sciences in general and our research and
experience in microorganisms in particular. 2) What type of large–scale is the Yakult parent company?
Ans: Yakult Australia Pty Ltd is a subsidiary of the Japanese parent company Yakult Honsho Co. 3) Outline Yakults organisational structure.
Ans: Yakults organisation structure is Board of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
| 2.|
Sterilisation
The sweet, milky solution is sterilised at a high temperature for a short time, destroying any bacteria that may be present. This process is called
UHTST (Ultra Heat Treatment, Short Time). The solution is then transferred to a 6,000–litre fermentation tank via a closed system of pipes and valves.|
3.|
Fermentation Tank
Live Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain, cultured and tested in our laboratory, is added to the tank. The temperature of the tank is then reduced until the
contents are at 37В°C (body temperature). The solution is allowed to ferment in the tank for 6–9 days or until the numbers of Lactobacillus casei
bacteria reach their ideal concentration.| 4.|
Control Panel
This machine is fully computerized and controls the flow of production. Different coloured lights indicate any areas that need attention.| 5.|
Flavour Tank
Citrus flavour is added to the concentrate.| 6.|
Storage Tank
The flavoured, concentrate is transferred to a 12,000 litre storage tank, containing a chilled syrup solution. The tank is chilled to around 2В°C.| 7.|
Water Steriliser
Yakult uses water that is de–mineralised (any dissolved chlorides and fluorides are removed) by a process called "reverse osmosis". The water is then

UV sterilised, after which it is stored in a 25,000 litre holding tank before being used in the production process.| 8.|
Mixing Tank

Internship At National Load Despatch Centre ( Nldc ),...
ABSTRACT
Internship at National Load Despatch Centre (NLDC), Power System Operation Corporation Ltd can be divided into two periods. In starting weeks, I
get the overview of Indian power sector, understood the Indian power grid, functions of NLDC and many technical terms but later the project "Short
Term Load Forecasting(STLF) using ANN Techniques" was assigned to me. I have to forecast the load for Delhi using ANN Technique.
Load forecasting is the technique for prediction of electrical load. It is much need for a generating company to know about the market load demand
in a deregulated market for generating near to accurate power. If the generation is not sufficient to fulfill the demand, there would be problem of
irregular supply and in case of excess generation the generating company will have to bear the loss. There are various factors which influence the
behavior of the consumer load. These factors can be categorized as Time factor, weather, economy and random disturbances. Accurate forecasting can
maximize the profit of producers and for consumers, it can maximize their utilities. STLF plays an important role in electric power system operation
and planning. An accurate load forecasting not only reduces the generation cost in a power system, but also provides a good principle of effective
operation. It is trained using back propagation algorithm and tested. The results obtained from neural network are presented and the results show that
the neural network based

Biology Folio Form Four
TECHNOLOGY USED IN FOOD PRODUCTION
The efforts by Various Agencies to Diversity Food Production
ULAM
Ulam or vegetable salad consists of fresh leaves , fruits , and other plant parts which are eaten raw . Examples of ulam include :
pegaga ( Centella asiatica )
[pic]
shoots of papaya
[pic]
kacang botol
[pic]
petai ( Parkia speciosa )
[pic]
kemangi ( Ocimum sanctum )
[pic]

Ulam is rich in mineral ions , vitamins and fibre . some of these plants are used in the preparation of herbal medicines and drinks .
FACTS ABOUT pegaga , jering and pucuk kaduk !
Pegaga is now recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an herb thought to generate intelligence in children than can help blood
circulation and improve skin health . ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are low in cholesterol . Examples of freshwater fish are :
Tilapia
[pic]
Jelawat
[pic]
Haruan
[pic]
Methods used to improve the quality and quantity of food production
DIRECT SEEDING
[pic]
Direct seeding spring cereal at Dewald's farm near Davenport , WA
Direct seeding is a method in which the seeds are shown directly into the soil by using special machines . The seeds are covered with soil as they
are being sown . This method does not involve the transplanting of seedlings and therefore results in less damage to the roots of the seedlings . The
plants achieve faster growth and this increases crop yield . Less water is also needed to irrigate the fields . This method is widely used in the planting
of paddy to obtain higher yields of rice .
HYDROPHONIC
[pic]

Hydrophonics is a commercial technique for growing certain crop plants in culture solutions rather than soil . The roots of the plants are immersed in a
solution which contains all the macronutrients and micronutrients in the correct proportions . The culture solution is aerated to provide sufficient
oxygen for respiration .
[pic]
THE HYDROPHONIC METHOD
The nutrient solution is pumped into the container for a given period of time . The growing medium absorbs the nutrient solution , and the nutrient
solution is then allowed to drain away .
THE NEW DESIGN OF HYDROPHONIC GARDEN
[pic]
AEROPONICS
[pic]
Aeroponics is a modified

Experimental Techniques For The Synthesis And...
CHAPTER 2
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES FOR THE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOMATERIALS.
In order to explore novel physical properties and phenomena and realize potential applications of nanostructures and nanomaterials, the ability to
fabricate and process nanomaterials and nanostructures is the first corner stone in nanotechnology. There exist a number of methods to synthesize the
nanomaterials, which are categorized in two techniques "top down and bottom up". Solid state route, ball milling comes in the category of top down
approach, while wet chemical routes like sol–gel, co–precipitation, etc. come in the category of bottom up approach. Secondly, characterization of
nanomaterials is necessary to analyze their various properties. Therefore, this chapter describes the various methods of synthesis and characterization of
nanomaterials. Characterization techniques include XRD, SEM, TEM, EDAX, UV–Visible spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, etc.
2.2. Synthesis of Nanomaterials:
Fabrication of nanomaterials with strict control over size, shape, and crystalline structure has become very important for the applications of
nanotechnology in numerous fields including catalysis, medicine, and electronics. Synthesis methods for nanoparticles are typically grouped into two
categories: "top–down" and "bottom–up" approach. The first involves the division of a massive solid into smaller and smaller portions, successively
reaching to nanometer size. This approach may involve milling or

Case Study : Diamond Like Carbon
6.5.2. Diamond–Like Carbon
Diamond–like carbon (DLC), exhibits a number of properties similar to diamond. DLC is a family of amorphous carbon materials, existing in seven
different forms that contain sp2 and sp3 hybridised carbon atoms. Sp2 refers to the graphite bonding structure, whilst sp3 refers to a diamond bonding
structure. Graphite and diamond have very similar structures, but the bonding type differentiates them. By altering the ratio of sp2 to sp3 bonding and
hydrogen content, different mechanical properties in DLC films are observed. Figure 6.26 shows a phase diagram illustrating different DLC coating
structures and their bonding type. More sp2 bonding gives rise to films of lower hardness and abrasion resistance, but improved tribological properties.
Films containing a higher proportion of sp3 bonding and less hydrogen have a tetrahedral structure similar tantamount to diamond, exhibiting high
surface toughness but reduced ductility.56 The relative proportion of the two bonding types is highly dependent on the deposition method and
processing parameters.57 Values of Young's modulus have above 900GPa have been obtained.58 Nuclear magnetic resolution (NMR) and electron
energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) are common techniques to characterise the hybridization of DLC films.59
Many potential applications exist due to the unique combination of properties DLC exhibits. Antireflective and abrasion resistant coatings for IR optics
and smartphone touchscreens make use

The Consumption Of Cow Milk, It Has Become Highly Consumed...
Introduction Since the discovery of the nutritional benefits associated with the consumption of cow's milk, it has become highly consumed within the
western diet and worldwide (Kanekanian 2014). However, health concerns arose in the late nineteenth and early twentieth Centuries due to an increase
in infant mortality and milk–borne illnesses relating to the consumption of raw cow's milk (Knechtges 2012). This became an increasing public
health concern and highlighted the growing need to introduce and enforce laws and legalisations relating to the processing and sale of cow's milk.
In 1864 Louis Pasteur discovered pasteurisation was an effective processing method for destroying pathogenic microorganisms responsible for
foodborne illness present in beverages; prolonging its life and quality (Brown 2015). Current laws and legislations now state milk must undergo this
process before being sold for retail sale and intended for human consumption. Yet, there is still a growing demand for the sale of raw cow's milk due
to beliefs in greater nutritional benefits if consumed. This creates a growing public health concern to ensure safe laws and legislations are in place and
practice. This paper investigates the introduction of a new milk processing technique allowing for the sale of raw milk which undergoes a high water
pressure processing (HPP) technique and whether it is an effective alternate processing method. Moreover, it identifies the human health risks
associated with the

Research Paper On Gallium
The discovery of such an element as gallium does not come as just any accidental discovery. Gallium or Ga, atomic number 31 was in a long research
process for fifteen years by Lecoq de Boisbaudran. He had been meticulously studying the spectra of several chemical elements, Lecoq knew that each
and every element produces its very own and distinct pattern of lines when heated, or spectra. As Lecoq de Boisbaudran continued his drive to learn
more of the distinct element spectra, he distinguished that the element on the periodic table between indium and aluminum was yet to be discovered.
Lecoq de Boisbaudran theorized that with gallium supposedly having an atomic number of 31, it could be that gallium is contained within zinc, atomic
number thirty. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The beginning of a company in Utah was the sole recovery and refinery of gallium from scrap and impure gallium metals. The entire U.S market
value for gallium was priced at only $35 million although most gallium is imported. The largest production comes from Germany, supplying 26% of
all gallium needs. In second comes Canada with 23%, china with 14%, Ukraine with 12% and 22% from other sources with a combined total of, on
average, 106 metric tons in 2010. Out of all this production a massively substantial amount, 99%, is in the form of gallium arsenide (GaAs) and
gallium nitride (GaN) most commonly used in

How Can Space Help Us On Earth Now?
Why do we need to explore outer space? This question has plagued many passed generations, and is still on our minds every day. The vast
blackness has many resources that are yet to be discovered. Funding space exploration could help answer the big questions in life. Why are we
here? How did Earth become habitable? Can we live on other planets? Experiments in space could make living conditions easier, bring extra
resources to Earth, creates jobs, and the best part is that it really isn't that expensive for taxpayers. How can exploring space help us on Earth now?
There is a branch of NASA called the Biospheric Science Branch, and they aim to understand the ecosystems processes, and how the ecosystem is
changing in response to climate change (Brass). Using a system called the Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System (TOPS), NASA has been able
to forecast the weather up to 12–16 months in advance. There are Global Circulation Models (GCMs) that could soon be used to predict things like
solar radiation, precipitation, and air temperature in many areas of the world (Ramakrishna). Humans can benefit greatly from being able to have a
clearer understanding of how and why the weather is changing. It is very convenient to be able to know the exact weather as soon as possible, so
people can schedule their days accordingly.
NASA is not simply only for exploring the great void; their research benefits us right here on the Earth, for example, scientists from NASA wanted

case study Essay examples
Tetra Pak Case study
The challenge of intimacy with a key customer
Content
пЃ¶ Company Profile
пЃ¶ Performance Evaluation
пЃ¶ Marketing Challenges
пЃ¶ Solutions Assessment
пЃ¶ Implementation Proposition
Content
Tetra Pak – Company profile
пЃ¶Establishment: 1952.
пЃ¶Founder: Dr. Ruben Rausing.
пЃ¶Home country: Sweden.
пЃ¶World's largest producer of

Swedish company
aseptic carton packaging
Tetra Pak's packaging products
Content
Five Forces– Italian Packaging ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Market leader in full–fat,
Losing shelf space.

The Epidemic Of Tobacco Use Essay

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