Causes Of Food Insecurity In South Sudan

Causes Of Food Insecurity In South Sudan
About South Sudan
South Sudan, officially called the Republic of South Sudan, is a county located in the north eastern
Africa.
About food crisis
Food is a human's right and it is necessary for human, and actually every living thing on this planet,
to survive. So for us human, food must be available, affordable and prepared.
South Sudan faces unprecedented levels of food insecurity, as nearly 4.9 million people – about 40
percent of the country's population – remain in urgent need of food assistance. According to the
United Nations office for the coordination of humanitarian affairs, the total number of people
affected by severe food insecurity in South Sudan between January and March 2016 got up to 2.8
million.
The Causes of the food crisis
Food shortages, a deepening economic crisis, insecurity and insufficient agricultural production at
household–level have caused increased levels of food insecurity and alarming levels of acute
malnutrition.
There are two kinds of causes one is natural disaster the other cause is man–made.
The natural disaster in the South Sudan is about the rainfall that is lacking and uneven. The average
annual rainfall in South Sudan is 254 millilitre per year. But the uneven rain falling on the country
made some areas of the country so arid that no one can grow any food there. For example, the
rainfall occurred mainly from mid–June to September. So farmers will not be able to grow much in
other times of the year.
The man–mad reason that caused the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Stable Somalia
Struggles for a Stable Somalia: Are Peacekeepers Necessary? Problem Statement Since its
independence, Somalia has encountered one opposition after another. Boarder disputes, internal
struggles, unstable government, civil war, lawlessness, massive famine, tribal warfare, increased
terrorism, peacekeeping failures, and piracy all have shaped the state of Somalia to become what it
is today. This case study seeks to explore the reasons behind the various failures, struggles, and
difficulties past Somalia has encountered, the challenges present Somalia faces, and the
recommendations a future Somalia can look forward to as a unified nation under a stable and
successful economy. Background of the Topic Somalia was created in 1960 when Italian ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, with the old transitional government replaced with the Federal Government of Somalia,
the outlook of Somalia appears to be more positive. Nevertheless, situations continue to remain
fragile as internal oppositions toward the government increase. More than that, the current president
seeks to neglect internal issues but rather focus his attention on international aid and humanitarian
assistance to unite his broken country. As a result, both economic and physical security have
severely declined in the past one year. The Shabab attacks increased and became bolder. Mogadishu
has witnessed a number of attacks by the terrorist party, al–Shabaab, within the past year. These
attacks targeted high–profile civilians including a UN compound on 19 June 2013 and a courthouse
on 15 April 2014, not to mention raids on a restaurant and against Turkish aid workers earlier this
year as well. Moreover, explosions and violent raids by the terrorist band have erupted elsewhere in
Somalia, including a targeted attack on a police station in

African Standby Force : An Integral Component Of The...
2.4.4 African Standby Force The ASF is an integral component of the African Peace and Security
Architecture and will play a critical function in enabling the PSC to fulfill its mandate. The ASF is
organized into five regional standby forces, previously known as regional brigades. The formation
of the regional forces includes a full time Planning Element (PLANELM); a Logistics Depot (LD);
a Brigade Headquarters; and the Pledged Brigade Units. The various RECs and RMs are at various
stages of establishing the aforementioned structures, although some regions like SADC have opted
not to establish a standing Brigade Headquarters. The force consists of military, police and civilian
components and is composed of five sub–regional contingents, each composed of a maximum of
five thousand troops per sub–region making the overall number of 20–25,000 troops (Alemu 2008).
This structural organization of the ASF points to the suggestion that there are at least two entities
that have authority over the use and deployment of the ASF. These are the AU and the RECs
(Regional Economic Communities). However, this brigade is yet to make the expected progress.
According to the 2003 Policy Framework for the Establishment of the ASF and the Military Staff
Committee (MSC) and the 2005 Roadmap for the operationalisation of the ASF, subsequently
supplemented by Roadmap II, the ASF was to be developed in two phases and inaugurated in 2010.
At the end of Phase II in 2010, the ASF was supposed to be

After Action Review
After Action Review
Throughout the history of the United States, the military is usually employed to suppress
insurrection and rebellion, to enforce the law as well as perform many other duties of the
Federation, state and local affairs. While support to the nations is usually overshadowed by the
high–profile duty of detracting it, military support is a vital mission which still continues to grow as
alluded to by the number of domestic problems to which the Department of Defense (DOD) has
responded to in past years (Grange & Johnson 1997, p.108). The U.S has acknowledged and
prepared for terrorist attacks for years. The terrorist events in the fall of 2001 put to test the extent to
which the local, State, and Federal emergencies had in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
London police departments had to coordinate fatalities from the four different bomb locations. The
pre–planned autopsy arrangements were effective, but the process of body identification was too
long; numerous families and relatives of victims have gone through profound distress due to the
lack of objective information about the exact victims and survivors of the critical incident. The
bombings have led to the creation of a new critical incident plan. The plan could be coordinated at
the international level. London bombings have led to realization of potential threats and hazards,
and unresolved safety issues. London bombings have become a real–life test for the pre–prepared
critical incident plans earlier developed by emergency professionals.
Oklahoma City Bombings 1995 Oklahoma City Bombings were as unexpected as critical incidents
in London later in 2005. In distinction from London, Oklahoma did not place communications to the
forefront of the emergency rescue operations. Oklahoma City emergency strategy was headed by
first–in fire companies, medical, and law enforcement personnel, civilians and voluntary
organizations. A "controlled perimeter was created around the dangerous site" (The Oklahoma
Department of Civil Emergency Management, 1995). Casualty Bureau has accepted and processed
critical amount of information immediately after London bombings occurred. Casualty Bureau dealt
with

Central African Republic Research Paper
In recent times, the Central African Republic has had extreme issues regarding their government and
development. These issues are causing the nation to enter devastating civil wars. In 1880, The CAR
was annexed by France, and it remained a territory until gaining independence in 1960, despite
being given representation in the French Parliament in 1946. The man elected to lead this young
nation was David Dacko. Dacko first began to cause problems when he converted the country to a
single political party. This party required citizens to register as members and pay dues to keep them
in power. The party's ideologies were likened less and less as their deficiencies in government began
to appear. At the end of Dacko's first term, his 1 party system ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Peacekeeping operations from the organization United Nations Multidimensional Integrated
Stabilization Mission in Central African Republic have been successful. Therefore, believe by
administering our peacekeeping organization to work with this program we can create a better
protection system for CAR against numerous rebel groups. Humanitarian aid is crucial for the
improvement of this African country, because 40% of all citizens are in need of support. The
International Rescue Committee works with improving CAR's healthcare and the lives of women
and children. We believe we need to continue to support and grow this program, so more citizens
can be benefited by their aid. Also, UNICEF has enhanced 170,000 children's lives by working with
WASH, a program dedicated to increasing the hygiene and water value of underdeveloped countries.
The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, works to improve the
living conditions of newly displaced people. Currently, they have helped 420,700 CAR residents
leave their country because of life threatening situations. France, believes by encouraging and
supporting of these organizations the Central African Republic can better the lifestyles of their
citizens. As a long term solution, France believes that the monitoring of diamond exports has the
potential to greatly increase wealth in the CAR. Recently, the Kimberley Process

Haiti 's Recovery After The Earthquake
Haiti's Recovery After The Earthquake Five years after the 7.0 magnitude earthquake, Haiti is
rebuilding gradually. Haiti, being one of the poorest countries, was always in need of improvement
but the 2010 earthquake added to their concerns. With over 300,000 lives lost, houses, school and
businesses destroyed and family and friends mourning, the country had no hope. Haiti started
receiving help immediately all over the world after the earthquake. Food, medication and tents were
sent to the country. Money was also donated from organizations and individuals such as celebrities.
With all the tremendous help, Haiti is still recovering slowly. Because of destroyed and unsafe
houses, people were forced to live in camps. All parks and most streets had been covered with tents.
Only three years ago the government started removing people out of the streets. The government
provided housing to some of the population and others received a compensation to start a life out of
the streets; but still five years later tents are still common in some areas. Michel Martelly, the
president of Haiti, had created multiple primary schools for the unfortunate children. The president
and his team had also fixed some common roads, but other constructions are still being delayed for
instance, Haiti's National Palace still has not been rebuilt. In a poor country as Haiti, insurance is
not common for everyone. The wealthiest are the ones with insurance for their houses and
businesses. Some private

The Last Class Session Of New York City
The last class session in New York City focused on the work of selected departments in the UN
Secretariat. Susana Malcorra (Chief of Staff), Farhan Haq (Deputy Spokesman), and Steven
Siqueira (Senior Advisor at DPA) delivered enlightening lectures. However, the most revealing was
Mr. Siqueira's discussion. He toured the class through the changes in the UN to its current state. He
first described the transformation in the UN from 1992 to 2012 and categorized these changes into
five waves. He closed with lessons learned and the road ahead. The first wave occurred between
1992 and 1994 and considered as Building the Silos. The UN adopted the Agenda for Peace through
preventive diplomacy in resolution A/RES/47/120 of 1992. Consequently, several UN peacekeeping
missions were in Cambodia (UNTAC, 1992), Croatia/former Yugoslavia (UNPROFOR, 1992),
Mozambique (UNMOZ, 1993), and Rwanda (UNAMIR, 1993). The missions ensured smooth
transition from conflict to rehabilitation of governments. Likewise, the Department of Political
Affairs was established in 1992 with a major purpose of conflict prevention through diplomacy. The
UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) or the Rio Summit, held in 1992,
agreed on the sustainable development agenda. Another conference, World Conference on Human
Rights in 1993 reaffirmed the inherent rights of man. These events and initiatives operated as silos;
that is, there was no deliberate effort to coordinate direction towards a

Public Health In Iraq
Nations affected by wars and armed conflicts have experienced severe public health consequences
deteriorated by population's displacement internally and externally to adjacent countries, food
shortage, and inefficiency and failure of basic health services. All previous factors will give rise to
the term complex humanitarian emergencies. These public health changes are reported to be more
severe in developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. And because of the formed
situation created by these factors, refugees and internally displaced persons have high mortality rate
during the period immediately after their migration (Toole & Waldman, 1997).
Iraq suffered bad security conditions and many armed conflicts took place since 2003. Since June 10
2014, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) terrorist armed group has taken control of many
cities in central and northern Iraq, including Mosul. Mosul is Iraq's second largest city and has a
population of about 2 million people and also ISIL seized control of Tikrit –City in the central area
of Iraq–. The ongoing armed conflict caused thousands ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The size of humanitarian crisis happening in Iraq requires more attention and more support than it is
receiving. Internally displaced persons are in struggle and trouble, trying to face the displacement
and the horrors caused by terrorist groups during one of the worst terrifying insurgencies in the
world. Children are the most vulnerable portion of IDPs population. The estimated number of IDPs
across Iraq are 1.8 million Iraqis, half of them children. This population escaped from their houses
across the country. The violence reached its peak in August 2014. Survivors suffered from shock,
dehydration and experienced horrifying events of killings and abuse against children (United
Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs,

Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management
Dublin Institute of Technology
ARROW@DIT
Articles School of Management
1–1–2010
(Le)agility in Humanitarian Aid Supply Chains
Kirstin Scholten
Dublin Institute of Technology, kirstinusa@yahoo.com
Pamela Sharkey Scott
Dublin Institute of Technology
Brian Fynes
Smurfit School of Business, University College Dublin
Recommended Citation
Scholten, K., Sharkey Scott, P., Fynes, B. Le)agility in humanitarian aid (NGO) supply International
Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management Volume: 40 Issue: 8/9 2010
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Management at
ARROW@DIT. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by an authorized administrator of
ARROW@DIT. For more ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Figure 1 Humanitarian Aid funding to the developing world from 2000–2008 in million US$
(Organization for Economic Co–operation and Development, 2010)
In contrast, commercial organisations actively adopt emerging SCM techniques and have responded
to volatile and dynamic markets by developing agile supply chains. These agile supply chains build
flexible and responsive capabilities in terms of their processes, networks and how they are
integrated across other organisations (Van Hoek et al., 2001). We investigate the applicability of the
agility concept to the HA supply chain, specifically NGOs, and present the results of our exploratory
investigation. This provides an exciting opportunity to develop and extend the potential originally
suggested by Oloruntoba and Gray (2006), and contribute to the theoretical underpinning of this

under–researched area (Pettit and Beresford, 2009). By demonstrating how agility practices are
translated from commercial to HA organisations, we gain insights into how NGOs specifically, and
HA agencies

Central America ' S Child Migrants : A Humanitarian Crisis
CENTRAL AMERICA'S CHILD MIGRANTS:
A HUMANITARIAN CRISIS
Policy Position & Analysis
Chris Prince
Policy Evaluation PUP 4003
Dr. Natasha Christie
December 9, 2014
Introduction:
According to the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), the number of unaccompanied
children (UAC's) apprehended crossing the border into the United States has increased from fewer
than 20,000 in 2011 to over 66,000 as of August 2014, with a projected total of 77,200 by the end of
the fiscal year (U.S. Customs and Border Protection, 2014). The large majority of UAC's migrate
from Central America, namely El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras (50,303 in total) (USCBP,
2014). The policy response to the recent surge of UAC's has been inadequate, and highly ... Show
Failing economies and weak institutions are also to blame; corruption and an inability to enforce the
law have left citizens to fend for themselves (UNHCR, 2014). Those most vulnerable, specifically
women and children, are targets of extortion, forced gang recruitment, rape, torture, and murder on a
regular basis. Yet, many policy makers in the U.S. view the current mass migration as an
immigration issue, thusly; the policy debate has centered on border security and enforcement rather
than humanitarian need. It is the last resort of desperate parents to send a child on a dangerous
overland journey of up to 1,500 miles, often times on foot or freight hopping on deadly trains. To
better understand the circumstances that would create such a desperate situation it helps to
understand how Central America came to be so violent and poorly governed in the first place.
Historical Context:
Weak Institutions: Since the late 1800's, "Latin America [has been] the incubator for all great United
States multinational corporations" (Harvest of Empire, 2012). The domination of the local resources
and land, by MNC's and the maintenance of that domination by the U.S. military effectively
captured many Central American states economically and politically. This went on from the 1896
until the end of WWII when U.S. policy shifted, the paradigm became more

Local Disaster Risk Reduction Management
Republic of the Philippines
CONGRESS OF THE PHILIPPINES
FOURTEENTH CONGRESS
Third Regular Session
REPUBLIC ACT NO. ____
AN ACT
STRENGTHENING THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, PROVIDING FOR THE NATIONAL
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK AND
INSTITUTIONALIZING THE NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in
Congress assembled:
SECTION 1. Title. – This Act shall be known as the "Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Act of 2010".
Sec. 2. Declaration of Policy. – It shall be the policy of the State to:
(a)
Uphold the people's constitutional rights ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
SEC. 3. Definition of Terms. – For purposes of this Act, the following shall refer to: (a)
"Adaptation" – the adjustment in natural or human systems in response to
actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial
opportunities.
(b)
"Capacity" – a combination of all strengths and resources available within a
community, society or organization that can reduce the level of risk, or effects of a
disaster.

The Great Kanto Earthquake
Japan's society and geography has endured many tragic events within the last two hundred years,
two of which play and integral part in shaping its society and moving it forward. These two events
are natural disasters involving earthquakes, and tsunamis –and in a particular instance, a mix of
both. Through the circumstances the Japanese found themselves in after these disasters, they had to
rebuild with proper collaboration and communication. In terms of the Great Kanto earthquake in
1923, communication was primarily through newspapers (Schencking 2013, 80). However, with the
modern age came social media, and thus the Japanese communicated both during and after the
earthquake and tsunami disaster known as 3/11 using social media. The day of and after 3/11, social
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I will then discuss the role of social media during 3/11 and how the exchanging, combining of
information and the finding of relief services each minimized precarity and established solidarity. In
this section, I use information from the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian
Affairs, a study on the functionality of social in the aftermath of the earthquake, and example tweets
regarding relief services. Next, I will focus on the role of social media after 3/11, again analyzing
how the exchanging, combining of information and the finding of relief services each minimized
precarity and established solidarity differently than that of during it. To discuss social media role
after 3/11, I will again used the United Nations as a source, in addition to the testimony of a writer
from the popular newspaper Asahi Shimbun in Japan and a Bavarian writer's research on the
emotional effects of images in social

Chronic Malnutrition In Haiti
Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the world, Haiti is so bad that there are doctors and nurses
there to help with food, water and even health. This is because children are starving to death. Haiti is
the poorest country in the world because of the massive earthquake back in 2010, that earthquake
killed over 200,00 people and left 1.5 million homeless. Even before the massive earthquake people
in Haiti were still "food insecure" meaning they needed assistance to stave off hunger. In this day
and age, people in the world are starving because people don't have enough money or they have
been involved in Natural Disasters. How can we find out how the world can stop starvation in Haiti,
Have the natural disasters such as hurricanes + earthquakes ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Haiti is currently in a predicament that most country's dream they never have to face. On January
12, 2010 disaster struck this already struggling nation.Death totals topped 200,000 and reliable
industries and structures were destroyed, leaving the nation in a tough situation. Five years after the
catastrophic earthquake which ravaged Haiti in 2010, killing over 200,000 people and leaving 1.5
million homeless, despite a massive international humanitarian and cooperation effort, the country
remains the poorest of the Western hemisphere, and is prey to political instability.
Who is starvation in Haiti affecting the most? One–third of Haitian women and children are anemic.
A result of poverty, the average Haitian child's diet lacks many and most nutrients, including iron.
The iron level in Haiti is also low because of intestinal blood loss due to worms and parasites. The
people of Haiti face a multitude of problems, and struggle to sustain a full, healthy life. Luckily,
organizations like WFP, the Office for the Coordination of Human Affairs, the Food and Agriculture
Organization and UNICEF work to end poverty and hunger in Haiti and help these communities
rebuild their shattered

Economic And Political Of The United Nations Essay
1. Discuss the history and global conditions (economic and political) that led to the founding of the
United Nations.
The United Nations (UN) is the second multipurpose international organization established in the
20th century that is worldwide in scope and membership. Many historical events had occurred
before the establishment of the United Nations. States first established international organizations to
cooperate on specific matters. The International Telecommunication Union was founded in 1865 as
the International Telegraph Union (ITU), and the Universal Postal Union (UPU) was established in
1874. In 1899, the International Peace Conference was held in The Hague to elaborate instruments
for settling crises peacefully, preventing wars and codifying rules of warfare. It adopted the
Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes and established the Permanent Court
of Arbitration (PCA), which began work in 1902. The forerunner of the United Nations was the
League of Nations, an organization conceived in similar circumstances during the First World War,
and established in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles "to promote international cooperation and to
achieve peace and security." The International Labor Organization was also created under the Treaty
of Versailles as an affiliated agency of the League. The League of Nations ceased its activities after
failing to prevent the Second World War and was disbanded in 1946 ("History of the United
Nations," n.d.).

The United Nations A Success Or A Failure?
The United Nations...a success or a failure? The United Nations is a widely controversial issue, with
many people regarding it as a failure, and many others regarding it as a success. This essay will
discuss the United Nations, viewing it as a success, with arguments supporting it. The United
Nations promotes world peace and security. On the subject of matters the United Nations promotes,
another one is human rights. An example of the United Nations promoting human rights is when
they created the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948. The United Nations also
provides humanitarian action. The time United Nations lent a helping hand towards the victims of
the earthquake/tsunami of the Indian Ocean in 2004 is a good example of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The United Nations also works on conflict prevention. "The main strategies for preventing disputes
from escalating into conflict, and for preventing the recurrence of conflict, are preventive diplomacy
and preventive disarmament." (Basic Facts About the United Nations 62). Preventive diplomacy
means an action that prevents disagreements from arising parties, and to prevent and make sure that
existing disagreements don't eventually transform into conflicts. Preventive disarmament is the
action of minimizing the use of firearms and weapons. The United Nations uses preventive
diplomacy and preventive disarmament as a tactic to prevent conflict and maintain peace. The UN
has used this tactic in Liberia, and the result was largely positive. "Established in September 2003,
the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) was charged with assisting in the disarmament,
demobilization, reintegration and repatriation of all armed parties. The process was launched in
December. Within 12 months, nearly 100,000 Liberians had turned in guns, ammunition, rocket–
propelled grenades and other weapons." ("Global Issues: Disarmament"). "Every gun that is made,
every warship launched, every rocket fired signifies, in the final sense, a theft from those who
hunger and are not fed, those who are cold and are not clothed. The cost of one modern heavy
bomber is this: a modern brick school in more than 30 cities." –Former U.S. President Dwight D.
Eisenhower (1952–1960)

History of the Conflict In Sudan and the Role of the...
History of the Conflict In Sudan and the Role of the United Nations
Introduction
Sudan is Africa's largest state and has been involved in conflict of various origins for varying
periods of time. The paper will trace the origin and evolution of Sudan's two most significant wars:
the north–south civil war and the current conflict in the Darfur region that is now gaining
international notoriety. Additionally, the UN System that is in place in Sudan will be analyzed
anatomically. Ultimately the paper seeks to unearth ideas on what needs to happen going forward in
order to improve the Darfur situation, as well as identify key inefficiencies in the UN's approach to
delivering aid.
History of the Crises In Sudan
Sudan is divided ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The SPLA led by John Garang successfully overthrew Nimeiry in a 1985 coup .
Sudan's Prime Minister Sadiq al Mahdi, who was leading the government after the coup, was not a
tireless supporter of the civil war. Economic growth was severely impaired by the devastating war
since a large part of the North's resources were channeled into the effort. Even though everything
observable in Sudan argued in favor of ending the war, political and religious differences between
the warring sides forced the war to persist. In 1989 it seemed that Sadiq al Mahdi's government was
about to begin negotiating with the SPLA and other southern rebel groups in order to achieve a
peace settlement. Despite what appeared to be promising progress in this vein, negotiation efforts
were to be rendered moot by another coup d'etat led by the National Islamic Front (NIF) that
removed al Mahdi. The NIF, headed by Hasan al Turabi, was strongly opposed to the negotiation
path taken by al Mahdi's government. With the military prowess of General Omar al–Bashir, NIF
seized power in Sudan .
The portrait of Sudanese conflict managed to grow increasingly complex following the NIF's rise to
power. The north–south struggle ceased to exist as one of Sudanese government against the SPLA,
as the rebel group broke into pieces. Divisions began to appear within the SPLA in 1991,

Syrian Refugees Proposal
My proposal focuses on the Syrian refugee crisis in the United States. Specifically, my proposal will
deal with American attitudes towards refugees fleeing their country and what we could do better to
help them adapt to this country. This topic is important in today's society because with the election
of Donald J. Trump, the rise of xenophobia and islamophobia has occurred. Trump has called Syrian
refugees a "Trojan horse," warning society that allowing them into our country is letting "terrorists"
into our country. This has caused tremendous stress among the Syrian community. When Donald
Trump signed an executive order that suspended the entry of Syrian refugees into the United States
indefinitely, he said that it was to "keep

The End Of World War II And Creation Of The United Nations
The end of World War II and creation of the United Nations (UN) in 1945, set the world on a new
evolutionary path. This unique evolution commenced with the United States (US) and the Union of
Soviet Socialists Republics (USSR) as world powers as a result of their distinctive roles in ending
World War II. Their contradicting ideologies as to the basis of this new evolution sparked a cold war
bringing fear and great concerns to the masses. Inspite of the intensity of this war, the UN assumed
its responsibilities in ensuring peace and encouraging both nations to peacefully sort out their
differences. This consequently recorded the first involvement of the UN in the world superpowers'
affairs. Currently, the evolution transits into new superpowers; the United States – an established
power and China – a rising power. In contrast to the US – USSR relations, the new superpowers
emphasize on constructive bilateral relations that propose to foster cooperation, mutual respect and
promote global development. This essay, indicates the importance of unified trilateral efforts and
collaborative multilateral cooperation between the US, China and the UN. These world powers have
thriven through socio–economic decline to expand their economy, joined forces to propagate the
global economic growth and strength. It further describes the beneficial relationship of the US and
China to international society by their constructive roles and responsibilities. The essay also
highlights the different

Crisis Diplomacy
This essay will focus on the organisations involved in Libya and will discuss the diplomatic
intervention that the organisations used in the Libyan crisis. The essay will firstly define the
important factors and explain how everything works together.
Diplomacy is defined as the conducting of negotiations between representatives of states. This may
refer to international diplomacy, the conduct of international relations through the communication of
professional diplomats in the essence of certain issues such as peace–making, economics, cultures,
trade, war, environment and human rights (Feaver, 2010).
The main case study to be focused on will be that of Libya and how the EU AND AU were involved
in the diplomatic intervention in Libya. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The crisis in Libya came from the wider spread of unrest throughout the Northern parts of Africa
and the Middle East. This crisis stemmed from ongoing pro–democracy protests that had been going
on throughout a zone that had been under a very long authoritarian rule in all political aspects (Shah,
2011).
The EU remained helpful to the Libyan civilians from the beginning of the crisis and tried by all
means to help them receive the due freedom. As fighting went on in Libya, the EU remained at the
forefront of international efforts to restore peace and stability in the country.
During the Libyan crisis, the EU Crisis Response Department led several missions on the ground to
develop contacts with other organisations in order to assess what was really needed during the crisis.
Despite a complex political and security environment, the EEAS opened two EU offices in Libya:
first in Benghazi and later in Tripoli (31 August 2011). The opening of these two EU Offices helped
to increase the legitimacy of the pro–democracy movement.
During the Libyan crisis, the EEAS Crisis Platform provided effective operational coordination
which allowed the EU to use most effectively all instruments at its disposal to help the Libyan
civilians: developmental, economic, military, diplomatic, political, and humanitarian. From March
to October 2011, the Crisis Platform was convened at regular intervals to ensure the coherence of
the EU response to the Libyan crisis (European Union

Faizabad Harvest 1980 Essay
Bombs and children are hard to relate to each other. Suzanne Fisher Staples shows in "Faizabad
Harvest, 1980 ", that war is ugly and people are struggling and dying there, even loses their loved
ones and how the children suffered from it. By historicize events from "Faizabad Harvest, 1980 ",
particularly children are orphans, weapons, and targets of war. This essay is talking about how
Staples raise the awareness of the children suffer in the war. By historicize events from Fizbabad
1980, particularly children as orphans of war, and this essay shows how Staples raise the awareness
of the children suffer in the war. Children are being an orphans of war by being alone and have
nothing to stand with at this world. The booming of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Children are becoming easy targets on war by dragging and pulling them to it. Children die from a
bombing without knowing that their life is ending soon. They will no longer have a fun in their life
or have childish dreams, or even worst they won't be able to set goals or dream about their future
jobs. The use of the candy and children toys to bomb them in Fizabad 1980 is yet the most ugly
thing I ever imagined and think about in my whole life. How could they even think about it as a
weapon of war, people hearts are no longer has any kind of mercy. M. Siddieq Noorzoy writes about
"The hazards of war have taken other forms as well. The United Nations Office for the Coordination
of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) reported in 1999 that 31% of Afghan children had been
victims of land mines. Even in 2007, land mine casualties numbered 811, many of them children.
Children, like the general population, also have been subjected to dangerous radiation through aerial
and ground attacks where depleted uranium bombs and shells have been used. Cluster bombs,
resembling food containers, also have injured children." War is more ugly than we think, and
children are the most damaged because they don't enough power to fight back, the thoughts that they
have is so innocent. They are not only victims, they are angels and the peace

Oklahoma City Bombing
The Initial Incident Response
ithin minutes of the blast, a massive search–and–rescue effort commenced that included fire,
emergency, medical, and law enforcement personnel, as well as a large number of citizens. Citizens
and emergency personnel joined together and entered the bombed structure, forming human chains
to locate and remove trapped survivors and victims. In fact, throughout this rescue effort, the large
outpouring of citizens and agency volunteers astonished veteran rescue workers.
The strong State and Federal Government presence in Oklahoma City helped the response–and–
rescue effort. For example, immediately following the explosion, the Oklahoma City Fire
Department set up an Incident Command System (ICS) to manage the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As stress and work took their toll on rescue personnel, crisis intervention on their behalf became
necessary. When rescue workers switched from saving lives to retrieving bodies and body parts,
separate staff were provided to offer stress management services. More than 12,000 volunteer and
professional rescue personnel were involved in the rescue operation. Compassion Center staff also
recognized that many media representatives were becoming secondary victims experiencing long
work hours, competing intensely for stories, and undergoing prolonged exposure to the bomb site,
shattered survivors, and stressed rescuers.
When the Center closed, Governor Frank Keating named the Oklahoma Department of Mental
Health and Substance Abuse Services (ODMHSAS) as the lead agency to coordinate and conduct
mental health crisis response services. The Center became Project Heartland on May 15, 1995, and
was supported by grants from FEMA and the Office for Victims of Crime (OVC). Project Heartland
continued to provide an extensive array of victim services.
Resource Coordination Committee (Unmet Needs Committee)
Recognizing the need for an umbrella group that would pool information and help coordinate
funding for

U.S Foreign Aid to Africa
U.S Foreign Aid to Africa Some people speak against U.S foreign aid being sent to Africa for
humanitarian reasons. Others speak out in favor of such actions. All of us have seen the news tickers
with vital headlines about "people being devastated by droughts in Zimbabwe and unhygienic water
in Sudan", but what is their government doing about it. Personally, I've asked myself several
founded inquiries about where is this foreign aid going to and what are some of the achievements
being made. I've acquired over time well–built knowledge in relation to the United Nations and the
work they perform globally to promote stability and development. I will be bringing in several valid
arguments to get to the bottom of this controversial subject of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Almost everything went wrong, but AID kept financing the program long after its failure was
evident. AID paid for the building of eighteen warehouses, but five were not built, three were not
finished, three collapsed, two had their roofs blown off, and three more quickly crumbled owing to
"serious structural deficiencies." Fifty–four open wells with contaminated water were to be
sanitized, but only nine were actually improved. A hundred mills for grinding grain were to be
constructed; the project managers built and tested one mill, then gave up. The road–improvement
project repaired less than one–quarter of the roads scheduled for upgrading. Isn't that marvelous?
The prospect outlook for U.S foreign Aid abroad according to 2010 Budget for the U.S Government
is as follow, there will be a 10 percent increase on U.S Foreign Aid and the State Department
Budget will get a hefty 51.75 billion dollars in the fiscal year 2010. What the U.S State Department
Budget goals are, an estimated $8 billion increase in the annual outlay to the International Monetary
Fund, full funding for scheduled payments to the World Bank, plus "a portion of the outstanding
arrears to reinforce the U.S. commitment to play a leadership in these institutions.", Increases non–
military aid to Afghanistan and Pakistan, to counter the resurgence of the Taliban, Increased
funding, at an unspecified amount, for global health programs, including AIDS

The State Of Israel And Israel Essay
The State of Israel is located in the Middle East, bordering the east Mediterranean Sea. Established
in 1948 by a United Nations (U.N.) resolution, the existing British administered Palestinian
Mandate was partitioned into the Jewish State of Israel, the Arab State of Palestine, and an
international territory governing the city of Jerusalem (Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1947). The
forced introduction of a Jewish State into a predominately Arab region immediately created
religious, ethnic, and political tensions.
Israel is approximately 20,770 square kilometers and slightly larger than the U.S. State of New
Jersey. It has approximately 273 kilometers of combined coastline bordering the Mediterranean Sea
and the Gulf of Aqaba (Central Intelligence Agency, 2016). Lebanon and Syria are both located to
the north, Jordan to the east and Egypt to the south. Israel has a temperate climate with hot desert
areas representative of the majority of the country. Israel's estimated population is 8,049,314 people
with median age of 29.6 years old (Central Intelligence Agency, 2016). Israel is a parliamentary
democracy that is broken up into the six administrative districts of Central, Haifa, Jerusalem,
Northern, Southern, and Tel Aviv. Jerusalem is the self–proclaimed capital of Israel, though the
international community recognizes Tel Aviv as its capital due to the geopolitical and religious
sensitivities associated with Jerusalem. The major urban centers include Tel Aviv, with an

Exam 2 Essay
Report on U.S. Strategy towards Somalia
Exam Question #3:
What are the ends and associated ways and means of the Report on U.S. Strategy towards Somalia?
Ends:
The International community such as the International Contact Group, the African Union and the
United Nations to assist with U.S. foreign policies in achieving a peaceful, stable and
comprehensive Somalia by eliminating terrorist threats, promote political stability and by supporting
the organization of a central government and provide humanitarian assistance to the Somali people.
Ways:
Somalia must develop a Political Dialogue between the Transitional Federal Government (TFG's)
which are known as the Transitional Federal Institutions (TFI's) for reconciliation to ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The TFG to reconsider key groups inside Somalia not previously included in the political process,
such as, clan leaders, civil society women groups, business, religious leaders, to include, the
Mogadishu by doing so it promotes a more inclusive society. Uganda to deploy 1500 troops to
Somalia as well as the African Union Peace and Security Council to deploy stabilization mission is
one of the key element to bring the Somali people stability and an assurance of peace. The United
States will assist with training and equipping African contingents deploying to Somalia through the
African Contingency Operations Training and Assistance program (ACOT A). Also, the U.S. will
outreach to Somali Diaspora communities in the United States to urge additional financial and
political support for the TFI's. The State Department Bureau of African Affairs Public Diplomacy
office and the U.S. Ambassadors in Kenya and Ethiopia will communicate with domestic and
international audience by conducting a variety of press speeches and media interviews, publishing
information in newspapers and magazines about the integrated approach on Somalia The Somali
people must take responsibility for maintaining a security force at the local level by implementing a
civilian police force and a unified military presents of all Somalia's clan which provides a secure
and

Hurricane Katrina And The Universal Declaration Of Human...
Natural disasters are inevitable. Some are with warning or unforeseen. Many natural disasters are
without harm or break world records. However when catastrophes like these happen, most countries
have backbones to support them in their lowest points. Regardless of countries having
reinforcements, some aid can be hindered due to ignorance and wicked mindsets. Hurricane Katrina
is living proof of the inhumane actions done by the country's spitefulness. Racism is one of the main
reasons our human rights are violated on a daily basis. Racism is so extreme, that this country left
thousands of people in Louisiana to die before and after the hurricane hit. Although help was
brought upon, it was distributed in a very unorganized and unfair manner. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of
brotherhood". This article means, every man is authorized for freedom in rights and dignity, and
with moral consciousness towards one another. However this was not put into action when it was
time to evacuate every person in Buras–Triumph, Louisiana. Having awareness of the storm coming
to town, New Orleans' mayor Ray Nagin called on city residents to evacuate, and declared
mandatory evacuations for several low–lying parishes. But many poor New Orleans residents were
unable to evacuate on their own, lacking the means to travel or a place to go (Jacobinmag.com,
Hurricane Katrina, par 25). This should've been taken into consideration and have more effective
protocols for every human being in the town of Buras–Triumph, despite their economic status and
inability of mobilization to refuges. The state of Louisiana left people to die that day. The Federal
Emergency Management Agency or FEMA, was present for the natural disaster, however statistics
show how was their way of relief. According to Jacobinmag,com, FEMA provided trailers to 63
percent of the residents of St. Bernard Parish, a predominantly white area leveled by the flood, but
only to 13 percent of the predominantly black Lower Ninth Ward. Does

The Intervention Of The Usa Into Somali The Causes Of...
The American Intervention in Somalia:
The Causes of Humanitarian Failure
Abstract:
This paper is an analysis of the 1991 humanitarian intervention of the USA into Somalia. The
concept of the "humanitarian" mission is embedded into the analyses of the American rhetoric
concerning their newfound concern for the area. The military and cultural reasons for the failure are
mentioned, as well as the habitual rejection of UN guidelines for it. In fact, this is an excel;lent
example of a botched program that seems destined to become the future norm.
The 1991 US intervention into Somalia was a failure. The reasons for this are not hard to find, and
are inherent in any adventure of this type. Ignorance of local conditions, strategic demands ... Show
Second, not all parties were interested in UN or US help, which is another condition. Importantly, it
states:
The peacekeeping operation must be part of a more comprehensive strategy to help resolve a
conflict. This often includes political, economic, developmental, institution–building, humanitarian
and human rights elements, which must involve other parts of the UN system–both UN bodies and
Member States–and other international organizations (UN 2003 pg 6).
Though containing the word "humanitarian," this is the normal definition of such intervention. The
commitment of any of the parties was questionable. That the intervening party have an "achievable
mandate" is another condition, one again, very foggy in 1991. it also explicitly states that "peace is
not made overnight" and strongly suggests that any mission must be long term and require outlays
of substantial resources. No party at the time was prepared for that, nor would the populations in
these areas approve it. Explicitly addressing the Somalia failure, the UN Handbook states:
Political work in UNOSOM meant being catapulted from one extreme to the next, wavering
between efforts to promote peace and rebuild the government and relapses into chaos and violence. .
. In the end, their efforts were in vain. International resolve waned and the UN was forced to pull
out (UN, 2003,

Domestic Disaster Assistance
Domestic Disaster Assistance Versus International Assistance
Numerous definitions of disasters exist with differing criteria such as the number of fatalities or
amount of property damage. This author defines disasters in the following manner. Within a country
a disaster occurs when its magnitude overwhelms the ability of the local resources to adequately
respond the to victims. For international disasters, the magnitude must overwhelm the ability of the
entire country to adequately respond to the victims. The philosophy, mission, and purpose for
domestic disaster assistance shall now be compared and contrasted with international disaster
assistance. The domestic disaster assistance philosophy focuses on activities within the ... Show
Both of these areas advocate saving lives, meeting the needs of the disaster victims, and engaging in
preparedness activities. The primary difference between international and domestic assistance lies in
their respective philosophy. The domestic philosophy focuses inward, involves a whole community
approach, and addresses property protection. The international philosophy, however, focuses on the
numerous international actors and advances safeguards for the host county. In the final analysis,
everyone would agree that the goal of saving lives is paramount.
Works Cited
Fagel, M. J. (2014). Crisis Management and Emergency Planning. Boca Raton, Florida, USA: CRC
Press.
FEMA. (2011, September). Download the National Preparedness Goal – PFD. Retrieved February
19, 2016, from fema.gov: www.fema.gov/pdf/prepared/npg.pdf
National Response Framework. (2013). Retrieved February 21, 2016, from fema.gov:
https://www.fema.gov/national–response–framework
Obama, B. (2011, March 30). Presidential Policy Directive 8 – National Preparedness. Retrieved
February 19, 2016, from dhs.gov: http://www.dhs.gov/presidential–policy–directive–8–national–
preparedness
United Nations UNDAC Field Handbook. (2013). Retrieved February 20, 2016, from United
Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs:

The United Nations and Its Humanitarian, Peace and...
CONTENTS 1. UNITED NATIONS 2. STRUCTURE OF UNITED NATIONS AGENCIES 3.
DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES 4. The United Nations Development Program –UNDP 5. The United
Nations Children's Fund –UNICEF 6. The United Nations Population Fund –UNFPA 7.
HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS AGENCIES 8 .Under–Secretary–General for Humanitarian Affairs
and Emergency Relief Coordinator 9. The Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees –
UNHCR 10. The World Food Program –WFP 11. The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for
Palestine Refugees in the Near East –UNRWA 12. PEACE AND SECURITY AGENCIES 13.
Department of Political Affairs– DPA 14. Department of Peacekeeping Operations– DPKO 15.
Department for Disarmament Affairs Disarmament Issues– DDA 16. ECONOMİC AND
SOCİAL AGENCIES 17. Department of Economic and Social Affairs– DESA 18. United
Nations Conference on Trade and Development– UNCTAD 19. United Nations Environment
Program– UNEP 20. United Nations Human Settlements Program –UN–HABITAT 21. United
Nations Drug Control Program– UNDCP The United Nations (UN) is an international organization
established in 1945. It was founded at the end of World War II by the victorious world powers. The
aim was to avoid conflicts between nations and make future wars impossible, by developing
collective security. Governments can make easy cooperation with international law, international
security, economic development, and social equity. In the beginning 51 states was member, in 2005
it was 191 members. The

What Is Feed The Future
Background
The mission of the U.S. Department of State is "to shape and sustain a peaceful, prosperous, just and
democratic world and foster conditions for stability and progress for the benefit of the American
people and people everywhere" (U.S. Department of State 2016). Food security is a problem that
plagues much of the developing world. The U.S. government's global hunger and food security
initiative "Feed the Future" (FTF) aims to put an end to global hunger by giving people the tools
they need in order to feed themselves. Feed the Future works in nineteen different nations across the
globe but does not include Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan or Yemen. According to the United
Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Additionally, unlike the other countries at risk, it is not a single rebel group that is causing food
security issues. South Sudan is a nation that has been in civil conflict since 2013 and both the
government and rebels are to blame for creation of famine: "Government and rebel forces attack
civilian targets much more frequently than they attack each other. They target means of survival of
civilian populations deemed to be unsupportive" (Clooney and Prendergast). Targeting the civilian
population includes doing things such as "cattle raids" which "result in complete impoverishment of
entire communities and unleash cycles of revenge attacks that poison relations between neighbors
and entire ethnic groups" (Clooney and Prendergast). The South Sudanese government has also
stopped humanitarian aid, the "UN reports 967 denials of humanitarian aid" ("Famine menaces 20m
people in Africa and Yemen"). Also, the country is suffering from hyperinflation only making
matters

Why Did The Humanitarian Approach
The United Nations Organisation is an international organisation. They were mainly set up to
encourage international cooperation with the goal and vision of solving global problems. The United
Nations organisation works towards various issues, such as peace keeping and security, climate
change, sustainable development, human rights, disarmament, terrorism, humanitarian, health
emergencies and more. The humanitarian aid in the international response in the past was not very
effective as there was a lack of lead agencies which in turn led to unpredictable humanitarian
responses, with inevitable capacity and response gaps in some areas. The UN introduced nine
cluster systems for better coordination at both the field and global levels. The nine clusters are as
follows. Nutrition (UNICEF), Health (WHO), Water/Sanitation (UNICEF), Emergency shelter
(UNHCR/IFRC), Camp coordination/management(UNHCR/IOM), Protection ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
They helped in addressing the gap through the coordination and organising a collective response of
all actors in the humanitarian system which has made it more effective. The countries which have
the cluster system of approach can easily tell or identify the duplication in project coverage thought
the cluster meeting or by consolidated appeal process. The individual countries will also have
certain measures which helps in the effective use of humanitarian processes. This widely followed
in Somalia to assess the gap and coverage analysis in the nutrition cluster. This basically helps them
in finding out the coverage in geographical areas and if the coverage is low further actions are taken
and also to have better predictability and accountability in the humanitarian response. (Boon,

The Pros And Cons Of Sieges
The use of sieges as a tactic of war is not always condemned. Sieges are tolerated under
international humanitarian law as long as they are in compliance with all applicable regulations and
their purpose is to achieve a military objective, such as the capture of an uninhabited enemy–
controlled area. However, a siege should not target civilian objects or cause any damage to the
civilian population. In fact, individuals taking no active part in hostilities should always receive
humane treatment. To that end, there are some IHL rules that need to be respected in siege warfare
in order for it to be permissible. The wounded and the sick must evacuate the area and be cared for.
Diplomats and citizens of neutral States residing in a besieged area ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In a siege of low or moderate intensity, one can potentially smuggle in limited amounts of supplies
or buy them on the black market for elevated prices. Residents may have access to alternative food
sources such as the local agricultural production. The UN and other humanitarian organizations may
manage to negotiate few, if any, aid deliveries but the assistance that does pass in is rarely enough
for the besieged population. Civilians in these areas are at some risk of malnourishment or
dehydration and denial of medical care. The areas are sporadically subject to attacks by besieging
forces. In a siege of high intensity, very little is able to enter through smuggling or bribery while
alternative food sources are not available. The UN and other humanitarian organizations can
negotiate very few, if any, aid deliveries and supplies that do arrive are insufficient for the
population. Civilians are at high risk of malnourishment or dehydration and denial of medical care.
The besieging forces regularly launch attacks against the

President Obama’s Diplomatic Style Toward Africa: Putting...
A NEW APPROACH TO AFRICA The world was watching as the son of an African settled into his
position in the oval office. And it did not take long for the world to find reason to be disappointed.
Within the first year of his presidency journalists in Africa, Europe, and the U.S. were reporting on
his lack of involvement with Africa. Comparisons between Bush and Obama were focused on
foreign assistance and the HIV/AIDS relief program. Many were wondering why there was no
ground breaking initiative from Washington to Africa and these questions have turned to abandon in
his second term. "It would not be wrong to say that George W. Bush probably did more for this
continent. There's a growing realization that Obama has no desire to be some kind ... Show more
There are many aspects of Obama's style that are reminiscent of his predecessors and we see many
initiatives and policies that Bush and Clinton enacted that Obama is in full support of. But there is a
great deal of change in the presidential style when it comes to engagement with African nations,
leaders, and citizens. Obama's rhetoric has always had a sense of affection and trust for the African
people. Like a parent or older sibling, he deeply understands that hovering is never as powerful as
confidence and faith in a person's ability to do the right thing and prosper. Obama is entrusting the
future of Africa to Africans themselves and he expects them to fully own this responsibility. His
statements from long before his presidency have shown this belief. In 2006 he told the Associated
Press that, "Ultimately, a new generation of Africans have to recognize the international community,
the international relief organizations or the United States can't help Africa if its own leaders are
undermining the possibilities of progress." This is a hard message for people all over the world to
swallow when the opposing message of giving alms to this, the poorest of continents, is a message
strongly promoted by celebrities and governments alike. But with evidence revealing that aid can
actually deepen the poverty of Africans and slows the growth of nations, perhaps this new approach
is a breath of fresh air for everyone. In the last decade a flood of research

Israel 's Impact On The West Bank
Israel has made travel between major Palestinian population centers (Jenin, Nablus, Ramallah,
Bethlehem, and Hebron) in the West Bank easier over the last several years. Several major
checkpoints in the West Bank that restricted direct movement between and into these cities have
been removed or modified. However, in general this opening is less the result of an overall easing in
movement restrictions than the result of the institutionalization of movement controls into a formal
and permanent regime of restrictions that has replaced roadblocks with gates that can be opened and
closed at the whim of the military and that has reconfiguring how Palestinians travel.
According to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
While Palestinian movement is severely restricted, a separate system of roads that are closed to
Palestinians or that bypass Palestinian communities has been set up for Settlers to ensure their
unrestricted movement in the West Bank and between the West Bank and Israel.[iii] According to
the Israeli human rights organization B'Tselem,
"there were 67 kilometers of roads in the West Bank that Israel classified for the sole, or practically
sole, use of Israelis, first and foremost of settlers. Israel also prohibits Palestinians from even
crossing some of these roads with vehicles, thereby restricting their access to nearby roads that they
are ostensibly not prohibited from using. In these cases, Palestinians travelers have to get out of
their vehicle, cross the road on foot, and find an alternative mode of transportation on the other
side."[iv]
OCHA has also reported that in 2013 at least 55 West Bank communities which are home to more
than 180,000 people remain completely isolated as a result of roadblocks, barriers, checkpoints and
other movement restrictions. All of the main roads into and out of these communities remain
blocked and residents wishing to leave these communities must use alternative routes that are two to
five times longer than the blocked direct routes. Many

Memo On Syria
From: Fred Addo–Mensah, Special Advisor to President Cabinet
To: The Cabinet of the United States of America
Date: May 13, 2016
Subject: Syrian Emergency : The Greatest Threat To United States Interest
INTRODUCTION
This memo seeks to offer insight into the current emergency in Syria and how it threatens the
security of US. It is hoped that it will help shape US foreign policy for Syria with the aim of
protecting Americans from acts of terrorism and at the same time save the lives of Syrians.
OVERVIEW OF HUMANITARIAN CRISIS IN SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
The United Nations Office of Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs ( OCHA ) reports that with 6.5
million internally displaced persons ( IDPs) in Syria, the country presents the largest ... Show more
A.SYRIA – A FITTING EXAMPLE OF A POLITICALLY UNSTABLE STATE
The US sponsored research conducted by the Political Instability Task Force identified key factors
responsible increasing the political instability of states. These factors include: bad neighborhood,
state discrimination and anocratic regimes. ( USAID, 2012 ). These are clear characteristics of
Syria.The Syrian constitution for example does not address sexual orientation, the Alawite
community ( from which Asad is a member ) dominate the entire government and according to
Human Rights Watch, the government detains protesters and subject them to atrocities. Political
parties are also harassed. (United States Department of State, 2014). Terrorists prey on domestic
political instability to advance international terrorism because unstable states offers them the
military and organizational skills. ( Campos & Gassebner, 2009).
B. SYRIA– A CONDUCIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR TERRORISTS
The ongoing conflict/insurgency has well provided a "juicy" avenue for growing terrorists in Syria.
The conflict has served as a magnetic attraction to terrorists such as Salafi–jihadist as well as other
Islamic

Continuity Of Foreign Policy Of The Obama Administration
University of Westminster
School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Languages
Project Module
Continuity in Foreign Policy of the Obama Administration
By: Chao Huang
................................
Project Supervisor: Ali Tajvidi
March 2016
I. Introduction
The formulation of US foreign policy has always been a controversial issue with different views
emphasizing on various factors–the role of the president, the influence of the congress, the impact of
interests group and public opinion, etc–in the process of decision making. This project intends to
discuss the extent to which the Obama Administration is to change the direction of the US foreign
policy. First, the characteristics in the US foreign policy making is explored to show how critical the
presidential pre–eminence is to the policymaking. Second, a revisit to the Clinton and George W.
Bush Administration is made to trace the pattern of the US foreign policy. Third, the Obama
Doctrine is studied to identify the policy continuity and the sporadic changes. Based on the analysis,
the project comes to the conclusion that continuity still prevails in the Obama Doctrine and the
changes are only made in a minor and incremental fashion.
II. Characteristics of US Foreign Policy Making
The uniqueness of the US politics and the plurality of its culture has made the formulation of the US
foreign policy a complicated process. However, according to Wittkipf, all of the factors that
contribute to the policymaking fall into

Essay about Dangerous Work of Doctors Worldwide
Dr Mehmet Güllüoğlu has been appointed as the new Director General by the TRCS Board of
Directors on 8 December 2013. Dr Güllüoğlu was born in 1982 in Konya. He graduated from
Marmara University Medical Faculty. In 2008 Mehmet Güllüoğlu started to work as project
coordinator for Doctors Worldwide. He also worked for Turkish Health Ministry and Health
Directorate of İstanbul. He is continuing to study at the doctoral program in public health at the
Medical Faculty of Istanbul University. He is married and has two kids. It is known that during his
work in Doctors Worldwide he has met PM Erdoğan. Güllüoğlu has accompanied and briefed
Erdoğan during a visit to Somalia 3. Overview of the National Society o Founded in 1868, it is one
of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
3. TRCS national activities Regional and local Disaster Response and Logistics Centers (emergency
shelter and feeding capacity for 250'000 persons; psychosocial support, etc). Tent Manufacturing
Center; Blood Centers and Blood Stations ; Medical Centers; Community Centers ; First Aid
Centers ; Soup Kitchen ; Youth Camps ; Student Dormitories ; Nursing Homes ; Afyonkarahisar
Mineral Water Inns. 4. TRCS Strategic Plan 2010–2015 – main aspects 1) to improve and
disseminate the Red Crescent culture (sic), 2) to make perfect the organisational function and
interaction at local, national and international level, 3) to focus on services to provide qualified and
efficient service, 4) to support the sustainability of Turkish Red Crescent humanitarian activities by
carrying out and making efficient income generated and supportive activities compatible with the
mission.Based on the TRCS indicators of these objectives, dissemination of IHL, training of TRCS
staff for international operations, to comply the TRCS international operations with the international
strategies, policies and standards, publishing articles, books, researches on disaster mitigation,
preparedness, response at national and international level could be the areas where ICRC can
cooperate in the future. 5. International Activities – selection In recent years, TRCS has delivered
humanitarian aid to the following contexts : o Pakistan (2005) o

Persuasive Essay On Homeless Children
Homelessness is an issue every country has to deal with. Its a large problem, that many people
believe has no solution, because there is so many variables that lead to a person being homeless.
Although, homelessness of all ages is extremely important and there should be steps to solve and
help this issue, the first step is helping homeless children. By helping homeless children we would
reduce the amount of homeless adults in the future. Homelessness has many definitions and in terms
of children it's even harder to define. Many countries have different and varying definitions for the
term homeless. The Convention on the Rights of the Child, also known as CRC, is a set of the civil,
social, political, and cultural rights of children. The UN (United Nations) general assembly
permitted this convention for signatures on November 20th in 1989 and was officially ratified
September 1990. Article 27 of the CRC states that, "States parties recognize the right of every child
to a standard of living adequate for the child's physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social
development." which means that if one, or all, of the things listed are lacking that child technically
could be considered homeless and uncared for. Street children is a commonly used phrase because it
encompassas all homeless children, Inter–NGO program defines a street child as "any girl or boy
who has not reached adulthood, for whom the street (in the widest sense of the word, including
unoccupied dwellings,

India National Committee on Disaster Management
India: National Committee on Disaster Management (NCDM) Since independence in 1947, India
has developed a nationwide relief administration but with the primary responsibility placed on State
Governments to play the lead role. It has raised a specific structure for disaster management in the
recent years. The structure is as under:– Figure 3–6 NDMA – India (Source: NDMA, India)
Mandate  The Central Government plays a number of important roles in the primary relief
functions relating to warning, communications, transportation (evacuation and movement of
essential commodities), logistics, medical supplies, infrastructure preservation and restoration, and
financial resources.  Secondary role of the Central Government is designed to supplement the
states' relief efforts. It includes flood forecasts, relief, rehabilitation and restoration, contingency
planning, technical assistance for provision of drinking water, water management, and coordination
of state voluntary agencies' activities. Responsibilities  In India the state government is primarily
responsible for disaster management, specially the responsibility for rescue, relief and rehabilitation.
Effort of the state government is augmented by the central government in terms of financial and
logistic support.  Responsible departments and ministries are:– o Ministry of agriculture. o Civil
aviation department. o Ministry of interior. o Ministry of Railways. o Ministry of environment. o
Health and family welfare

Sunrise USA: A Case Study
This organization has a program that allows people to sponsor families and/or orphans. In as early
2011, there were 100,000 Syrian orphans looking for homes(Orphan). This program essentially
helps nurture orphans until they can be reincorporated into society. The organization allows willing
participants to sign up and be the caretaker of a child, or sponsor a child by paying a fee of $50 a
month (Orphan). The program allows family to connect with the orphans they sponsor. Families are
constantly sent updated photos of the orphan they sponsor. They are also encouraged to send letters
back and forth with the orphan. Sunrise USA has spent 3 million dollars on their orphan sponsorship
program. The sponsorship allows the organization to keep the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The problem in Syria is that millions of people are suffering. The suffering will not stop until the
war is resolved. The struggles that the people of Syria face are a direct result of the war.
Organizations will continue to lessen the suffering by providing aid, but they will have no effect
when it comes to ending the war. The harsh truth is that end of the war is nowhere near an end. The
problem is that no side is strong enough to win the war. Since the start, the Syrian Government
Army has gotten weaker and no longer has the power to take over cities controlled by the Free
Syrian Army (Dorell). The result of this is the mass destruction the country has faced. The Free
Syrian Army continues to fight back in response to the airstrikes from the Syrian Government
Army(Dorell). No side has been able to pull away and win the war. Foreign involvement has only
made the situation worse. The Russians have taken the side of the Syrian Government while the
United States have taken the side of the Syrian Rebel Army. Russia has attempted to help eliminate
the terrorist groups supporting the Syrian Rebel Army, in reality, many civilians were hurt in the
process (Dorell). The countries involved in the crisis have tried to organize peace treaties and cease
fires multiple times, but they all failed (Dorell). Looking at these recent events, the war does not
seem to be ending anytime soon. Therefore, the

Causes Of Food Insecurity In South Sudan

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Featured

Featured (20)

Causes Of Food Insecurity In South Sudan