1. INERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
MANAGEMENT ,ENGIEERING
AND TECHKNOLOGY,
1
A
SEMINAR ON WIRELESS
POWER TRANSMISSION

YOGESH KUMAR GURJAR

ELECTRONIC AND COMMUNICATION

4 TH YAER
Wireless Power Transmission
2/10/2014

2. BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT
Slide Plan

Why WPT

History

Principle

Components

Methods

Merits and Demerits

Biological Impacts

Applications

Current Technology

Future Aspects

Challenges

Conclusion
Wireless Power Transmission
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3. BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT
What is WPT?
3

The transmission of energy from one place to
another without using wires

The wireless transmission is made possible by using
various technologies
Wireless Power Transmission

4. BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT
Why WPT?

According to the World Resources Institute (WRI),
India’s electricity grid has the highest
transmission and distribution losses in the world
– a whopping 27%.

This is attributed to technical losses and theft.

The continuity of power supply, optimizing the
location of sensors, and dealing with rotating or
moving joints.
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5. BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT
5
History

Experiments performed between 1888 and 1907 by
Nikola Tesla

Started efforts on wireless transmission at 1891 in his
“experimental station” at Colorado

He lighted a small incandescent lamp by means of a
resonant circuit grounded on one end.

William C. Brown, the pioneer in wireless power
transmission technology

The idea of Tesla is taken in to research after 100
years by a team led by Marin Soljačić from MIT
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6. BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT
Principle
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7. BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT
Components
1. Microwave Generator
2. Transmitting Antenna
3. Rectenna
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8. BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT
Methods
1)
Induction
2)
Electromagnetic Transmission
3)
Evanescent Wave Coupling
4)
Electrodynamic Induction
5)
Electrostatic Induction
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9. BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT
9
Induction

The principle of mutual induction
between two coils can be used
for the transfer of electrical
power without any physical
contact in between.

The simplest example of how
mutual induction works is the
transformer, where there is no
physical contact between the
primary and the secondary coils.
Wireless Power Transmission

10. BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT
10
Electromagnetic Transmission

Electromagnetic waves can also be used to
transfer power without wires.

By converting electricity into light, such as a laser
beam, then firing this beam at a receiving target,
such as a solar cell on a small aircraft, power can
be beamed to a single target. This is generally
known as “power beaming”.
Wireless Power Transmission

11. BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT
11
Evanescent Wave Coupling

A process by which electromagnetic
waves are transmitted from one medium
to another by means of
the evanescent (or decaying)
electromagnetic fields.

This is usually accomplished by placing
two or more waveguides close together so
that the evanescent field does not decay
much in the vicinity of the other
waveguide.
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12. BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT
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Electrodynamic Induction
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13. BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT
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Electrostatic Induction

Also known as “capacitive coupling”

It is an electric field Gradient or differential
capacitance between two elevated Electrodes
over a conducting ground plane for wireless
energy Transmission

It involves high frequency alternating current
Potential differences transmitted between two
plates or nodes.
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14. BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT
Merits

Eliminates the existing transmission line cables,
towers and sub stations

More freedom of choice of both receiver and
transmitters

Cost of transmission and distribution become less

Power could be transmitted to the places where
the wired transmission is not possible.

Loss of transmission is negligible level

Safer by eliminating the sparking hazard
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15. BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT
Demerits

The Capital Cost for practical
implementation of WPT seems to be very
high.

Interference of microwave with present
communication systems.

Common belief fears the effect of
microwave radiation.
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16. BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT
Biological Impacts

WHO recommends the human exposure
guidelines determined by the Institute of
Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
and by the International Commission on
Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP).

Public exposure to WPT fields would also
be below existing safety guidelines.

Localized impact on the environment
would be created if the operation of a
WPT device has some effect.
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17. BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT
Applications

Generating power by placing satellites
with giant solar arrays in
Geosynchronous Earth Orbit.

Moving targets such as fuel free
airplanes, electric vehicles, moving
robots.

Ubiquitous Power Source (or) Wireless
Power Source, Wireless sensors and RF
Power Adaptive Rectifying Circuits
(PARC).
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18. BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT
Current Technology
Microwave Transmitter
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19. BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT
Contd…
Solar Power Satellites (SPS)
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20. BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT
Contd…
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LASER transmission
 LASER converts electricity to light using lasers, and projects that
light onto a specialized solar cell array, which then converts the
light back into electricity.
 The “wireless extension cord” delivers thousands of watts at ranges
up to many kilometers.
 The wireless transmission of power via laser is useful in situations
where it is impractical or uneconomical to run wires, including
unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), unmanned ground vehicles
(UGVs), unattended sensors, communication towers, forward
operating bases, and disaster relief.
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21. BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT
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Future Aspects
It is one of the biggest challenges in today's world
to transmit energy in rough terrain like mountains,
forest, and sea.
 A verified SPICE model of wireless transmission has
been considered for the efficiency calculation
along with the mathematical approach.
 Numerical calculation shows that 30-70%
transmission efficiency can be achieved by using
this model of transmission depending upon the
transmission distance and diameter of the
antenna.
 MATLAB simulator and Simulink have been used
for the system response and adaptability.

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22. BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT
Challenges

Electromagnetic wave scatters freely in space as it
propagates

The concerns that some environmentalists are placing
is the depletion of ozone layer by the radiation.

There should be complete revolution in the
electrical world for manufacturing and designing.

Some of the countries which depend on electrical
energy for the economy like country Bhutan.

This was the main reason that Tesla failed to
convince then the sponsors and entrepreneurs of
his time to carry out his project.
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23. 23
Conclusion

WPT emerges out as the best alternative
for efficient power transmission despite its
few drawbacks such as very high
installation cost.

WPT has very high efficiency as the loss
during power transmission is nearly
negligible and it acts as a boon for the
people of those areas where wired
transmission is not possible

The power failure due to short circuit and
electric faults would not be possible at all.
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24. BCREC/EE/2013-14/5TH SEM/WPT
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THANK YOU!
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