Questions Covered in the report:
- How high are cross-border B2C E-Commerce sales in Europe in 2020?
- How many online shoppers in Europe make purchases on foreign websites?
- What are the preferred product categories of Europe’s cross-border online shoppers?
- What are the top E-Commerce websites used by Europe’s online shoppers to buy internationally?
- Which countries in Europe are leading in cross-border B2C E-Commerce?
Full report here: https://bit.ly/3PcZEnC
4. 4
GENERAL METHODOLOGY OF MARKET REPORTS
Secondary Market Research
The reports are compiled based on secondary market research. Secondary research is information gathered from previously published sources. Our reports are
based on information and data acquired from national and international statistical offices, industry and trade associations, business reports, business and
company databases, journals, company registries, news portals and many other reliable sources. By using various sources we ensure maximum objectivity for
reported data. As a result, companies gain a precise and unbiased impression of the market situation.
Cross referencing of data is conducted in order to ensure validity and reliability.
The source of information and its release date are provided on every chart. It is possible that the information contained in one chart is derived from several
sources. If this is the case, all sources are mentioned on the chart.
The reports include mainly data from the last 12 months prior to the date of report publication. Exact publication dates are mentioned in every chart.
Definitions
The reports take into account a broad definition of B2C E-Commerce, which might include mobile commerce. As definitions may vary among sources, exact
definition used by the source (if available) is included at the bottom of the chart.
Chart Types
Our reports include text charts, pie charts, bar charts, rankings, line graphs and tables. Every chart contains an Action Title, which summarizes the main
idea/finding of the chart and a Subtitle, which provides necessary information about the country, the topic, units or measures of currency, and the applicable time
period(s) to which the data refers. With respect to rankings, it is possible that the summation of all categories amounts to more than 100%. In this case, multiple
answers were possible, which is noted at the bottom of the chart.
Report Structure
Reports are comprised of the following elements, in the following order: Cover page, preface, legal notice, methodology, definitions, table of contents,
management summary (summarizing main information contained in each section of report) and report content (divided into sections and chapters). When
available, we also include forecasts in our report content. These forecasts are not our own; they are published by reliable sources. Within Global and Regional
reports, we include all major developed and emerging markets, ranked in order of importance by using evaluative criteria such as sales figures.
Notes and Currency Values
If available, additional information about the data collection, for example the time of survey and number of people surveyed, is provided in the form of a note. In
some cases, the note (also) contains additional information needed to fully understand the contents of the respective data.
When providing information about amounts of money, local currencies are most often used. When referencing currency values in the Action Title, the EUR
values are also provided in brackets. The conversions are made using the average currency exchange rate for the respective time period. Should the currency
figure be in the future, the average exchange rate of the past 12 months is used.
5. 5
METHODOLOGY OF THE CURRENT REPORT
Report Coverage
This report covers cross-border B2C E-Commerce in Europe. It includes information about cross-border E-Commerce exports and imports, with a focus on
cross-border imports and cross-border online shopper behavior.
Report Structure
Information about global developments and trends is presented first. This includes forecasts regarding cross-border B2C E-Commerce sales and their share of
total B2C E-Commerce sales worldwide, cross-border online shopper penetration, ranking of the main drivers of cross-border online shopping, information about
payment and delivery in cross-border E-Commerce.
The rest of the report is devoted to Europe. Regional information is provided first, including rankings of markets by cross-border online shopper penetration. In
the country chapters, the markets are grouped by advanced and emerging and presented in the descending order of B2C E-Commerce sales.
Depending on data availability, the following types of market information are included: cross-border online shopper penetration, cross-border B2C E-Commerce
sales (imports and/or exports), countries most purchased from by online shoppers in this market, most purchased product categories, reasons for buying from
out-of-country online sellers and barriers to cross-border E-Commerce. Not all the mentioned types of information are available for each of the countries
covered.
6. 6
DEFINITIONS
CROSS-BORDER B2C E-COMMERCE
the sale of goods (and services) directly to consumers in other countries, with orders made online
through foreign (out-of-country) online shops and delivered from the country where the foreign shop
is based or from a central logistics facility, i.e. across the country’s borders. Both B2C and C2C
transactions might be included in the definition of retail cross-border E-Commerce.
CROSS-BORDER E-COMMERCE IMPORTS
the value of goods (and services) purchased by consumers residing in the country from online shops
in other countries and shipped to them from these countries.
CROSS-BORDER E-COMMERCE EXPORTS
the value of goods (and services) purchased by consumers residing in other countries from online
shops in a specific country.
CROSS-BORDER ONLINE SHOPPERS
online shoppers who make purchases online from foreign (out-of-country) online shops. Cross-border
online shopper penetration is a share of cross-border online shoppers among all online shoppers in a
country.
B2C E-COMMERCE
the sale of products (and services) through electronic transactions via the Internet from businesses to
consumers. Both B2C and C2C transactions might be included in the definition of retail E-Commerce.
C2C E-COMMERCE
the sale of products (and services) through electronic transactions via the Internet from consumers to
consumers.
M-COMMERCE
M-Commerce, also called “Mobile Commerce”, means the sale of products (and services) through
electronic transactions via mobile devices, such as mobile phones, tablets and smartphones.
E-COMMERCE MARKETPLACE
platforms where third-party merchants (B2C) or individuals (C2C) can sell their digital or physical
products online whereas the marketplace operator acts as an intermediary. B2B E-Commerce
marketplaces and pure service marketplaces (e.g. accommodation) were covered in this report.
The following expressions and definitions are used in this market report*:
Note: *the definitions used by the original sources might differ from the ones stated on this chart; the exact definition used by each source, where available, is included on the respective
charts
7. 7
TABLE OF CONTENTS (1 OF 8)
1. Management Summary
2. Global Developments
• Cross-Border B2C E-Commerce Sales Forecast, in USD billion, and in % of Total B2C E-Commerce Sales, 2023f
• Cross-Border Online Shopper Penetration, in % of Online Shoppers, August 2019
• Cross-Border Online Shopper Penetration in Selected Countries, in % of Online Shoppers, By Total Cross-Border Shoppers And Daily/Weekly
Cross-Border Shoppers, September 2019
• Top 5 Exporting Markets in Cross-Border B2C E-Commerce by Share of Purchases, in %, September 2019
• Breakdown of Actions Cross-Border Online Shoppers Would Take If Imports From China Would Be Taxed Higher with Additional EUR 10 per
Item, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers, September 2019
• Reasons for Buying Cross-Border, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers, September 2019
• Top Reasons For Cross-Border Online Shopping Cart Abandonment, September 2019
• Breakdown of the Latest Cross-Border Online Purchase by Value in EUR, and Weight, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers, September 2019
• Breakdown of the Latest Cross-Border Online Purchase by Delivery Costs in EUR, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers, September 2019
• Breakdown of the Latest Cross-Border Online Purchase by Delivery Time, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers, September 2019
• Share of Cross-Border Online Shoppers Expecting Delivery Within 6 Days If They Paid For It, in %, April 2019
• Selected Localization Features Preferred by Cross-Border Online Shoppers, % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers, July 2019
• Breakdown of E-Commerce Websites Purchased From In Latest Cross-Border Online Purchase, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers,
September 2019
• Top 10 Shopping Apps by Downloads, incl. Cross-Border E-Commerce Apps, by Total Downloads, App Store Downloads and Google Play
Downloads, January 2020
3. Europe
3.1. Regional
• Cross-Border B2C E-Commerce Market Overview and Trends, February 2020
• Cross-Border B2C E-Commerce Sales (incl. Travel) in EU16, in EUR billion, 2018, 2020f & 2022f
• Cross-Border B2C E-Commerce Sales Share of Total B2C E-Commerce Sales, in % by EU16 Countries, 2018
• Breakdown of Cross-Border B2C E-Commerce Sales (Excl. Travel) in EU16 by Player Type, in EUR billion, and in %, 2018
• Market Shares of the Top 12 European Marketplaces, in % of Cross-Border B2C E-Commerce Sales Generated by European Marketplaces in
EU16, 2018
• Cross-Border Online Shopper Penetration in the EU, by Online Shoppers Buying From Other EU Countries, from Non-EU Countries and Total,
in % of Individuals, 2014 - 2019
8. 8
TABLE OF CONTENTS (2 OF 8)
3. Europe (Cont.)
3.1. Regional (Cont.)
• Cross-Border Online Shopper Penetration in the EU, by Online Shoppers Buying From Other EU Countries, from Non-EU Countries and Total,
in % of Online Shoppers, 2014 - 2019
• Cross-Border Online Shopper Penetration, by EU and Selected Non-EU Countries, in % of Online Shoppers, 2018 & 2019
• Top 3 Countries Purchased From In The Latest Cross-Border Online Purchase, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers, by Selected Countries,
September 2019
• Reasons for Shopping Online from a Specific Country, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers, by Selected European Countries, Spring 2019
• Top Product Categories Purchased Cross-Border, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers, by Selected European Countries, Spring 2019
• International E-Commerce Marketplaces Purchased From, in % of Online Shoppers in Selected European Countries, Spring 2019
• Breakdown of the Latest Cross-Border Online Purchase by Type of Carrier Used For Delivery, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers, by Seller
Location, 2018
• Share of E-Commerce Companies Selling Abroad, by EU and Selected Non-EU Countries, in % of E-Commerce Companies, 2017 & 2019
• Difficulties When Selling To Other Countries Online, in % of E-Commerce Companies in the EU Selling To Other EU Countries, 2019
• Share of Online Shoppers in Europe Currently Buying Cross-Border from UK Websites Who Would Stop Buying From Foreign Websites In Case
of Additional Costs After Checkout, in %, June 2019
• Share of Online Shoppers in Europe Currently Buying Cross-Border from UK Websites Who Would Stop Buying In Case of Additional Costs
After Checkout, in %, by Selected Countries, June 2019
3.2. Advanced Markets
3.2.1. UK
• Cross-Border Online Shopper Penetration, by Online Shoppers Buying From Other EU Countries and from the Rest of the World, in % of Online
Shoppers in the UK, 2014 - 2019
• Share of Online Shoppers in the UK Buying from European Websites Cross-Border Who Would Stop Buying Cross-Border In Case of Additional
Costs After Checkout, in %, June 2019
• Top 3 Countries That Cross-Border Online Shoppers in the UK Made Their Latest Purchase From, in %, 2018 & 2019
• Share of Cross-Border E-Commerce Retailers in the UK Who Believe That Selling to Shoppers Internationally Will Become More Complex After
Brexit, in %, June 2019
• Share of UK Retailers Believing That Sales to The European Economic Area (EEA) Will Decrease After Brexit, in %, June 2019
• Share of UK E-Commerce Sellers Who Rely on the EU for Some or Most of Their E-Commerce Export Revenue Growth, in %, September 2018
• Most Desired International Markets Outside the EU According to UK E-Commerce Sellers, in %, September 2018
9. 9
TABLE OF CONTENTS (3 OF 8)
3. Europe (Cont.)
3.2. Advanced Markets (Cont.)
3.2.2. Germany
• Cross-Border Online Shopper Penetration, by Online Shoppers Buying From Other EU Countries, from Non-EU Countries and Total, in % of
Online Shoppers in Germany, 2014 - 2019
• Cross-Border Online Spending, by Shopping Frequency of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Germany, in EUR billion, 2018
• Average Order Value in Foreign Online Stores by Shoppers in Germany, by Gender, in EUR, 2018
• Delivery Methods Used in Cross-Border Online Purchases, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Germany, 2018
• Share of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Germany Who Were in Contact With a Customs Authority, in %, 2018
• Top 3 Countries Purchased From in the Most Recent Cross-Border Online Purchase, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Germany,
September 2019
• Channels Through Which B2C E-Commerce Merchants Sell To Customers Abroad, in % of German B2C E-Commerce Merchants Selling To
Customers Abroad, 2019
• Top 10 Export Markets, in % of German E-Commerce Merchants, 2019
• Average Net Online Order Value Of Purchases by Foreign Customers According to German B2C E-Commerce Merchants, Compared to
Customers in Germany, in EUR, by Selected Countries, 2019
3.2.3. France
• Cross-Border Online Shopper Penetration, by Online Shoppers Buying From Other EU Countries, from Non-EU Countries and Total, in % of
Online Shoppers in France, 2014 - 2019
• Top 3 Countries Purchased From in the Most Recent Cross-Border Online Purchase, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in France,
September 2019
• Share of French E-Commerce Merchants Selling Internationally, by Company Size in Terms of Revenues, in %, March 2019
• Breakdown of French E-Commerce Merchants Selling Abroad by Share of Revenues Generated Abroad, in %, March 2019
• Top 5 Foreign Markets Sold to by French E-Commerce Merchants, in %, March 2019
3.2.4. Spain
• Cross-Border Online Shopper Penetration, by Online Shoppers Buying From Other EU Countries, from Non-EU Countries and Total, in % of
Online Shoppers in Spain, 2014 - 2019
• Top 3 Countries Purchased From in the Most Recent Cross-Border Online Purchase, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Spain,
September 2019
• Breakdown of E-Commerce Transaction Value, by Exports, Imports and Domestic, in EUR million, Q1 2017 – Q2 2019
10. 10
TABLE OF CONTENTS (4 OF 8)
3. Europe (Cont.)
3.2. Advanced Markets (Cont.)
3.2.4. Spain (Cont.)
• Breakdown of E-Commerce Transaction Number, by Exports, Imports and Domestic, in millions, Q1 2017 – Q2 2019
• Breakdown of Cross-Border E-Commerce Imports Transaction Value and Number by Region, in % Q2 2019
• Breakdown of Cross-Border E-Commerce Exports Transaction Value and Number by Region, in % Q2 2019
3.2.5. Italy
• Cross-Border Online Shopper Penetration, by Online Shoppers Buying From Other EU Countries, from Non-EU Countries and Total, in % of
Online Shoppers in Italy, 2014 - 2019
• Top 3 Countries Purchased From in the Most Recent Cross-Border Online Purchase, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Italy, September
2019
• Cross-Border B2C E-Commerce Imports, in EUR billion, and Share of Total B2C E-Commerce Sales, in %, 2019e
• Cross-Border B2C E-Commerce Exports, by Products and Services, in EUR billion, 2018 & 2019e
• Breakdown of Cross-Border B2C E-Commerce Exports of Products By Product Categories, in %, 2019e
• Breakdown of Cross-Border B2C E-Commerce Exports of Products By Country/Region, in %, 2019e
3.2.6. Netherlands
• Cross-Border Online Shopper Penetration, by Online Shoppers Buying From Other EU Countries, from Non-EU Countries and Total, in % of
Online Shoppers in the Netherlands, 2014 - 2019
• Cross-Border Online Spending by Shoppers in the Netherlands, in EUR million, 2017 & 2018
• Breakdown of Cross-Border Online Spending of Shoppers in the Netherlands by Country, in %, 2017 & 2018
3.2.7. Belgium
• Cross-Border Online Shopper Penetration, by Online Shoppers Buying From Other EU Countries, from Non-EU Countries and Total, in % of
Online Shoppers in Belgium, 2014 - 2019
• Top 3 Countries Purchased From in the Most Recent Cross-Border Online Purchase, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Belgium,
September 2019
• Share of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Belgium Who Received Their Latest Cross-Border Online Purchase On The Next Day and in 2-3
Days, in %, September 2019
11. 11
TABLE OF CONTENTS (5 OF 8)
3. Europe (Cont.)
3.2. Advanced Markets (Cont.)
3.2.8. Sweden
• Cross-Border Online Shopper Penetration, by Online Shoppers Buying From Other EU Countries, from Non-EU Countries and Total, in % of
Online Shoppers in Sweden, 2014 - 2019
• Top 5 Countries Purchased From, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Sweden, H1 2019
• Top 5 Product Categories Purchased Cross-Border, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Sweden, H1 2019
3.2.9. Denmark
• Cross-Border Online Shopper Penetration, by Online Shoppers Buying From Other EU Countries, from Non-EU Countries and Total, in % of
Online Shoppers in Denmark, 2014 - 2019
• Top 5 Countries Purchased From, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Denmark, H1 2019
• Top 5 Product Categories Purchased Cross-Border, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Denmark, H1 2019
3.2.10. Finland
• Cross-Border Online Shopper Penetration, by Online Shoppers Buying From Other EU Countries, from Non-EU Countries and Total, in % of
Online Shoppers in Finland, 2014 - 2019
• Top 5 Countries Purchased From, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Finland, H1 2019
• Top 5 Product Categories Purchased Cross-Border, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Finland, H1 2019
3.2.11. Norway
• Cross-Border Online Shopper Penetration, by Online Shoppers Buying From Other EU Countries, from Non-EU Countries and Total, in % of
Online Shoppers in Norway, 2014 - 2019
• Top 5 Countries Purchased From, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Norway, H1 2019
• Top 5 Product Categories Purchased Cross-Border, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Norway, H1 2019
3.2.12. Austria
• Cross-Border Online Shopper Penetration, by Online Shoppers Buying From Other EU Countries, from Non-EU Countries and Total, in % of
Online Shoppers in Austria, 2014 - 2019
• Top 3 Countries Purchased From in the Most Recent Cross-Border Online Purchase, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Austria,
September 2019
12. 12
TABLE OF CONTENTS (6 OF 8)
3. Europe (Cont.)
3.2. Advanced Markets (Cont.)
3.2.13. Switzerland
• Cross-Border B2C E-Commerce Imports, in CHF billion, 2017 & 2018
• Top 3 Countries Purchased From in the Most Recent Cross-Border Online Purchase, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Switzerland,
September 2019
3.2.14. Ireland
• Cross-Border Online Shopper Penetration, by Online Shoppers Buying From Other EU Countries, from Non-EU Countries and Total, in % of
Online Shoppers in Ireland, 2014 - 2019
• Breakdown of the Number of Purchases Made by Shoppers in Ireland from Sellers in the UK in the Past 2 Years, in %, August 2019
• Expectations of Shoppers in Ireland Who Bought Online From the UK Regarding Their Online Shopping Behavior After Brexit, in %, August
2019
3.3. Emerging Markets
3.3.1. Russia
• B2C E-Commerce Sales, by Domestic and Cross-Border, in RUB billion, 2018e-2023f
• B2C E-Commerce Sales, in RUB billion, and Breakdown by Domestic Sales and Cross-Border Imports, in %, 2013 – 2019e
• Number of Shipments of Goods from Foreign Online Stores to Russia, in millions, 2013 – 2019e
• Breakdown of Cross-Border Online Spending and Number of Shipments to Russia by Country, in %, 2018
• Breakdown of Cross-Border Online Purchases by Shoppers in Russia by Value in EUR, in %, 2017 & 2018
• Breakdown of Cross-Border E-Commerce Imports by Product Categories, in %, 2018
• Breakdown of Devices Used in the Latest Online Purchase from Russian and Foreign Online Stores, in % of Online Shoppers in Russia, 2017 &
2018
• Share of Online Shoppers in Russia Who Purchased from Russian Online, from Chinese Online Stores and from Online Stores in Other
Countries, in %, 2015 - 2019
• Average Order Value of Online Shoppers in Russia, by Purchases From Russian Online Stores, Chinese Online Stores, and Other Foreign
Online Stores, in RUB, 2018 & 2019
• Delivery Methods Used When Buying From Foreign Online Stores, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Russia, September 2019
• Adequate Delivery Time According to Online Shoppers in Russia, by Purchases from Russian Online Stores to Large Cities, Medium-Sized
Cities, Small Cities, and Purchases from Foreign Online Stores, in Days, September 2019
13. 13
TABLE OF CONTENTS (7 OF 8)
3. Europe (Cont.)
3.3. Emerging Markets (Cont.)
3.3.1. Russia (Cont.)
• Share of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Russia Who Waited for 30 or More Days For Their Latest Cross-Border Online Purchase, in %,
September 2019
3.3.2. Poland
• Cross-Border Online Shopper Penetration, by Online Shoppers Buying From Other EU Countries, from Non-EU Countries and Total, in % of
Online Shoppers in Poland, 2014 – 2019
• Top 3 Countries Purchased From in the Most Recent Cross-Border Online Purchase, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Poland,
September 2019
• Top 5 Foreign Online Merchants Purchased From, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Poland, April 2018 & April 2019
3.3.3. Turkey
• Cross-Border Online Shopper Penetration, in % of Online Shoppers in Turkey, by Purchased from Any Foreign Country, From EU Countries and
From Non-EU Countries, 2014-2019
• Number of Cross-Border E-Commerce Transactions with Bank Cards Issued in Turkey, in millions, and Value, in TRY million, Q1 2016 – Q2
2019
• Top 3 Countries Purchased From in the Most Recent Cross-Border Online Purchase, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Turkey,
September 2019
3.3.4. Greece
• Cross-Border Online Shopper Penetration, by Online Shoppers Buying From Other EU Countries, from Non-EU Countries and Total, in % of
Online Shoppers in Greece, 2014 - 2019
• Top Reasons To Buy Cross-Border, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Greece, 2018
• Top 3 Countries Purchased From in the Most Recent Cross-Border Online Purchase, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Greece,
September 2019
3.3.5. Hungary
• Cross-Border Online Shopper Penetration, by Online Shoppers Buying From Other EU Countries, from Non-EU Countries and Total, in % of
Online Shoppers in Hungary, 2014 - 2019
14. 14
TABLE OF CONTENTS (8 OF 8)
3. Europe (Cont.)
3.3. Emerging Markets (Cont.)
3.3.5. Hungary (Cont.)
• Number of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Hungary, in millions, and Cross-Border E-Commerce Spending, in HUF billion, 2018
• Top 3 Countries Purchased From in the Most Recent Cross-Border Online Purchase, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Hungary,
September 2019
3.3.6. Portugal
• Cross-Border Online Shopper Penetration, by Online Shoppers Buying From Other EU Countries, from Non-EU Countries and Total, in % of
Online Shoppers in Portugal, 2014 - 2019
• Countries Purchased From, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Portugal, 2018
• Top 3 Countries Purchased From in the Most Recent Cross-Border Online Purchase, in % of Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Portugal,
September 2019
16. 30% 30%
33% 34%
42%
40%
20% 20%
23%
29%
32%
34%
37% 37%
42%
46%
52% 53%
0%
20%
40%
60%
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Buying from Other EU Countries Buying from Non-EU Countries Total (from EU and Non-EU)
16
in%ofOnlineShoppers
Cross-border online shopper penetration in the Netherlands grew
from 37% in 2014 to 53% in 2019.
Netherlands: Cross-Border Online Shopper Penetration, by Online Shoppers Buying From Other EU
Countries, from Non-EU Countries and Total, in % of Online Shoppers in the Netherlands, 2014 - 2019
Definition: individuals who ordered goods and services over the Internet from sellers from other EU countries/ rest of the world (non-EU); ages 16-74
Source: Eurostat, January 2020
17. 17
China
53%
Germany
15%
UK
8%
Other
24%
Over one-half of cross-border online shoppers in Poland (53%)
made their latest purchase from China, as of September 2019.
Poland: Top 3 Countries Purchased From in the Most Recent Cross-Border Online Purchase, in % of
Cross-Border Online Shoppers in Poland, September 2019
Survey: based on a survey of 35,73 consumers in 41 countries, incl. Poland, conducted in September 2019; question asked “Please specify the country from which you bought
your most recent online cross-border purchase?”
Source: IPC, January 2020