This document provides a methodology for market reports on secondary market research. It discusses data sources, definitions, report structure, and methodology. Specifically: - Market reports are compiled using secondary research from various statistical offices, industry associations, and other reliable sources to ensure objectivity. - Reports include charts, rankings, graphs and tables with definitions and sources. They cover the last 12 months and include major global markets. - This particular report covers the global secondhand commerce market, including regulations, trends, adoption rates and players in regions like North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific. It discusses consumer preferences and provides an overview of key countries and companies.

2. © Copyright 2015 ystats.com GmbH & Co. KG, 22765 Hamburg, Germany 2

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GENERAL METHODOLOGY OF MARKET REPORTS
Secondary Market Research
 The reports are compiled based on secondary market research. Secondary research is information gathered from previously published sources. Our reports
are based on information and data acquired from national and international statistical offices, industry and trade associations, business reports, business and
company databases, journals, company registries, news portals and many other reliable sources. By using various sources we ensure maximum objectivity
for reported data. As a result, companies gain a precise and unbiased impression of the market situation.
 Cross referencing of data is conducted in order to ensure validity and reliability.
 The source of information and its release date are provided on every chart. It is possible that the information contained in one chart is derived from several
sources. If this is the case, all sources are mentioned on the chart.
 The reports include mainly data from the last 12 months prior to the date of report publication. Exact publication dates are mentioned in every chart.
Definitions
 The reports take into account a broad definition of B2C E-Commerce, which might include mobile commerce. As definitions may vary among sources, exact
definition used by the source (if available) is included at the bottom of the chart.
Chart Types
 Our reports include text charts, pie charts, bar charts, rankings, line graphs and tables. Every chart contains an Action Title, which summarizes the main
idea/finding of the chart and a Subtitle, which provides necessary information about the country, the topic, units or measures of currency, and the applicable
time period(s) to which the data refers. With respect to rankings, it is possible that the summation of all categories amounts to more than 100%. In this case,
multiple answers were possible, which is noted at the bottom of the chart.
Report Structure
 Reports are comprised of the following elements, in the following order: Cover page, preface, legal notice, methodology, definitions, table of contents,
management summary (summarizing main information contained in each section of report) and report content (divided into sections and chapters). When
available, we also include forecasts in our report content. These forecasts are not our own; they are published by reliable sources. Within Global and
Regional reports, we include all major developed and emerging markets, ranked in order of importance by using evaluative criteria such as sales figures.
Notes and Currency Values
 If available, additional information about the data collection, for example the time of survey and number of people surveyed, is provided in the form of a note.
In some cases, the note (also) contains additional information needed to fully understand the contents of the respective data.
 When providing information about amounts of money, local currencies are most often used. When referencing currency values in the Action Title, the EUR
values are also provided in brackets. The conversions are made using the average currency exchange rate for the respective time period. Should the
currency figure be in the future, the average exchange rate of the past 12 months is used.

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METHODOLOGY OF THE CURRENT REPORT
Report Coverage
 This report covers the global B2C and C2C Secondhand E-Commerce and offline market. Some data points on B2B Secondhand Commerce are also included.
The report covers the current state and trends of the secondhand sales industry in different countries, as well offers an overview of as consumer preferences
and demand drivers.
 The following regions/countries were included: the United States, Europe (including Germany and France), and Asia (including China and South Korea).
 The report contains relevant information about regulations, international comparisons, market trends, secondhand E-Commerce adoption rates, consumer
preferences, and players. Not all types of information were included for each country, due to varying data availability.
Report Structure
 The report starts with a global overview of the current state and market trends of the secondhand industry, including recent activities of some major players, as
well as statistics applied to the global scale. Regional chapters follow the global overview and include information on countries’ activities, consumer attitude
towards secondhand sales, and other data points. The market report concludes with the key takeaways.

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DEFINITIONS
 B2C E-COMMERCE
the sale of products (and services) through electronic transactions via the Internet from businesses to
consumers (B2C). A broader definition of retail E-Commerce applied by some sources also includes consumer-
to-consumer (C2C) sales.
C2C E-COMMERCE business model that enables customers to trade with each other, frequently in an online environment.
 E-COMMERCE SALES
the total sales generated either on the E-Commerce market in a certain country or region, or the total sales
generated through E-Commerce by a player on the market.
 GROSS MERCHANDISE VALUE
total value of merchandise sold over a given period of time through a customer-to-customer (C2C) exchange
site.
 INTERNET USERS the total number of inhabitants in a certain country that regularly accesses the Internet.
 ONLINE SHOPPERS the total number of inhabitants in a certain country or region that participates in B2C E-Commerce.
 E-COMMERCE MARKETPLACE
platforms where third-party merchants (B2C) or individuals (C2C) can sell their digital or physical products
online whereas the marketplace operator acts as an intermediary.
 SECONDHAND E-COMMERCE
The sale of pre-owned goods; usually exchanged between consumers (C2C) but may take other forms such as
B2C and B2B.
The following expressions and definitions are used in this market report*:
Note: *the definitions used by the original sources might differ from the ones stated on this chart; the exact definition used by each source, where available,
is included on the respective charts

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (1 OF 3)
1. Management Summary
2. Global Market Overview
• Overview of the Current State and Future Trends of the Secondhand Market, May 2021
• Overview of Challenges for Secondhand Commerce Players during COVID-19, May 2021
• Wardrobe Composition, by Channel of Purchase, in % of Secondhand Customers, 2020e & 2023f
• Intent to Spend More/Less in the Next 5 Years on Fashion, by Various Businesses Models, in % of Female Respondents, January
2020
• Planned Changes in Shopping Behavior Towards Fashion Once COVID-19 Restrictions Released, in % of Respondents who
Ranked the Behavior First or Second Among Planned Changes, June 2020
• Secondhand Market Consumer Profiles, October 2020
• Breakdown of Secondhand Consumer Types, by Secondhand Spending, and by Secondhand and Firsthand Spending, in %,
October 2020
• Breakdown of Secondhand Players and Their Positioning in Three Categories, incl. Generalist, Luxury Generalist and Hard Luxury
Specialist, September 2020
• Share of eBay Generation Z C2C Sellers Who Said that Buying Pre-Owned Goods Became More Common in 2020, in %,
November 2020
• Share of Luxury Consumers Who Prefer Purchasing Luxury Secondhand Items Directly from Luxury Brands, in %, 2020
• Share of Luxury Consumers Who Would Like Brands to Certify Secondhand Items That Are Sold via Resellers, in %, 2020
• Share of Respondents Who Purchased a Luxury Secondhand Item in the Past 12 Months, and Who Consider Purchasing a Luxury
Item in the Future, in %, 2020
• Market Value of Secondhand Hard Luxury Items, in EUR billion, and CAGR, in %, 2020e - 2025f
• Breakdown of Secondhand Hard Luxury Sales Channels, incl. Auction Houses, Offline, and Online, in %, 2020
• Breakdown of Secondhand Hard Luxury Items’ Consumers, by Gender, in %, 2020
• Breakdown of Hard Luxury Market Shares, by Regions and Countries, in %, 2020
• Secondhand Luxury Market Entering Models, April 2021
• Share of eBay C2C Sellers Who Also Bought Pre-Owned Goods In the Last 12 Months, in %, November 2020
• Share of eBay C2C Sellers Who Sold Pre-Owned Items Because of the Positive Environmental Impact, in %, November 2020

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (2 OF 3)
2. Global Market Overview (cont.)
• Share of eBay C2C Sellers Who Started Selling Pre-Owned Goods in 2020 to Make Extra Cash, in %, November 2020
• Overview of Solutions Against the Excess Merchandise of Retail Brands, August 2020
• Overview of Secondhand Clothing Online Platforms’ Activities during COVID-19, April 2021
3. North America
3.1. United States
• Total Secondhand Market Size, incl. Resale and Traditional Thrift & Donation, in USD billion, and CAGR, in %, 2019 - 2024f
• Market Value of Apparel Retail Sector, and Market Value of the Secondhand Apparel Component, in USD billion, 2020e & 2021f
• Market Value of Online Secondhand Apparel, and Market Value of Offline Secondhand Apparel, in USD billion, 2020e & 2021f
• Share of eBay C2C Sellers Who Said that Buying Pre-Owned Goods Became More Common in Recent Years, in %, November
2020
• Overview of Platforms on the Secondhand E-Commerce Market, May 2021
• eBay’s GMV Sales Growth as Compared to Global, in %, 2013 - 2020
• Estimated Craigslist’s Revenue, in USD million, 2013- 2020
• Overview of Backflip Recommerce Platform, March 2021
4. Europe
4.1. Regional
• Intend to Buy More Secondhand Fashion Items After COVID-19 Crisis, by Age Group, in % of Consumers, April 2020
4.2. Germany
• Secondhand Online Market Overview, April 2021
• Shopping Channels for Secondhand Items, in % of Respondents, August 2020
• Top Reasons for Secondhand Online Shopping, in % of Respondents, August 2020
• Online Platforms Used to Buy or Sell Pre-Owned Items, in % of Respondents, September 2020
• Pre-Owned Product Categories Purchased, in % of Respondents, September 2020
• Pre-Owned Product Categories Sold in the Past 12 Months, in % of Respondents, September 2020

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (3 OF 3)
4. Europe (cont.)
4.3. France
• Overview of the New Regulation Against Waste, May 2021
• Secondhand Shopping Channels, in % of Secondhand Shoppers, February 2021
• Total Yearly Budget for Textile, and Yearly Budget for Secondhand Clothing, in EUR, 2019 & 2020e
• Share of Shoppers Who Bought Secondhand Clothes in 2020, and Share of Shoppers Who Sold Secondhand Clothes in 2020, in
%, February 2021
4.4. Russia
• Overview of the Secondhand Retail Market amid COVID-19, and Top 10 Fashion Resellers, by the Number of Visits, in thousands,
February 2020
5. Asia-Pacific
5.1. China
• Overview of Secondhand E-Commerce Market, May 2021
• Secondhand E-Commerce Market Value, in CNY billion, and Year-on-Year Change, in %, 2015 - 2020
• Top Secondhand E-Commerce Players, by Market Valuation, in CNY billion, December 2020
• Secondhand E-Commerce Number of Users, in millions, and Year-on-Year Change, in %, 2014 - 2020
5.2. South Korea
• Secondhand E-Commerce Market Players Overview, April 2021
• Share of Consumers Who Ever Bought Secondhand Items, and Share of Consumers Who Bought Secondhand Items in The Past
Year, in %, October 2020
• Top 3 Pre-Owned Product Categories Purchased, in % of Consumers, October 2020
6. Key Takeaways

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1. Management Summary 10 – 12
2. Global 13 – 37
3.
3.1.
North America
USA
38 – 46
39 – 46
4.
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
2.4.
Europe
Regional
Germany
France
Russia
47 – 59
48 – 48
49 – 54
55 – 58
59 – 59
5.
5.1.
5.2.
Asia-Pacific
China
South Korea
60 – 68
61 – 64
65 – 67
6. Key Takeaways 68 – 69

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14%
16%
32%
34%
39%
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Canada
United States
United Kingdom
France
Germany
in % of eBay C2C Sellers
Almost 40% of C2C eBay sellers in Germany sold used items because
of the positive environmental impact, the highest share among other
selected countries, as of a November 2020 survey.
Note: in the US and Canada, this includes all sellers with less than USD 10,000 GMV or fewer than 25 transactions in a year; in the UK, Germany and France, this includes any
seller who identifies themselves as C2C
Survey: based on a survey of 4,330 eBay C2C Sellers in the US, the UK, Canada, Germany and France, conducted in October 2020 - November 2020
Source: eBay, March 2021
Global: Share of eBay C2C Sellers Who Sold Pre-Owned Items Because of the Positive Environmental
Impact, in %, November 2020

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3%
37%
42%
63%
0% 25% 50%
Other
Secondhand Stores
Flea Market
Online
in % of Respondents
The online channel for secondhand shopping was preferred by 63%
of respondents to an August 2020 survey in Germany.
Germany: Shopping Channels for Secondhand Items, in % of Respondents, August 2020
Survey: based on a survey of over 1,026 respondents of the 16-64 age group, conducted in August 2020
Source: Kantar Deutschland & Momox, August 2020

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