2. Sport and the rights
of women
The practice of women
sport is directly linked
with feminism.We
need to know the
historical context.
3. Feminism (first movements)
Catholicism set the role for female conduct.
French Revolution 1789: Olympe de Gouges
(“Declaration of women’s and citizen’s rights).
It was the women that took the Bastille and marched to
Versaille.
1848 USA first convention for women’s rights in Seneca
Falls (New York).
UK Suffragettes (Emmeline Pankhurst).
4. Women started to vote
1893 New Zealand.
1902 Australia.
1906 Finland.
1917 Canada.
1918 UK, Ireland, Germany.
1919 Belgium.
1920 USA.
1931 Spain (just until 1939).
1944 France.
1946 Italy.
5.
6. “The qualities of an athlete
aren’t fitting for ladies”
Pierre de Coubertin
•Women coudn’t
participate in first OOGG
(Athens 1896).
•It was thought that
practicing sports could
damage the female body.
(delicate women vs strong
men).
7. OOGG 1900 Paris:
1st female participation
Only sports that
didn’t require
different
clothing: tennis,
golf, archery,
fencing.
Long skirts to
the ankles
8. Margaret Abbott (1876-1955)
From Chicago.
First american woman to win
a gold medal.
Paris 1900 golf.
Was studying art.
E. Degas & A. Rodin.
Her mother also participated
(7th place): Mary Perkins Ives
Abbott, writer (“Alexia”,
1889).
9. “Margaret Abbott, age twenty-two, a five-foot-eleven socialite from the
Chicago Golf Club who was studying art in Paris at the time, entered the
nine-hole golf tournament at Compiègne and won. Later, she was
credited with being the first American woman to win an Olympic medal,
a gold, although in reality all she actually received was a ladylike gold-
trimmed porcelain bowl. Somewhat surprisingly, Margaret Abbott’s
mother, a “noted novelist and editor,” also competed – possibly the first
and last mother-daughter combination ever to do so. Abbott, in a
graceful comment that sheds light on the quality of play, later claimed
that she had won only because her French competitors “apparently
misunderstood the nature of the game and turned up to play in high
heels and tight skirts”. [cont. ]
10. [ cont]
An extant photograph of the game reveals hatted, long-sleeved, and long
skirted women, golf clubs gripped and in action. Interestingly, Abbott’s
comment emphasized the tightness of the dress, not its length. One thing
remains clear, though: the women competing were accorded neither team
status, uniforms, nor any other kind of recognition by their respective
Olympic committees; certainly the Abbotts were ignored by the American
Olympic Committee (AOC)”.
Patricia Campbell “When the girls came out to play. The birth of american sportwear”, pg. 87
11. Charlotte Cooper (1870 – 1966)
Tennis player from the UK.
Won Wimbledon 5 times:
1895, 1896, 1898, 1901, 1908.
OOGG Paris 1900:
Female individual gold
medalist.
Doubles gold medalist.
Victorian fashion: corset,
long sleeves, hair done.
12. Equipo Finlandia JJOO 1912
JJOO 1908 Londres: equipo
femenino gimnasia de
Dinamarca hace demostración.
Vestuario: vestido blanco,
medias color carne, descalzas.
JJOO 1912 Stockholmo: equipo
Finlandia revoluciona vestuario:
túnica hasta la rodilla, sin nada
más (ni medias ni zapatos).
13. Natación JJOO 1912
CIO permite competición
mujeres en JJOO 1912.
USA no envía mujeres:
mujeres deben ser
modestas y pudorosas.
Bañador utilizado: similar
al vestuario de los
gimnastas masculinos.
41 participantes: las
nadadoras australianas
ganan.
14. Fanny Durack & Mina Wylie
Australianas.
FD (1889-1956) & MW (1891-1984).
Durack fue la mejor nadadora del
mundo entre 1910 y 1918.
JJOO 1912 record y medalla oro.
Comit. Olímpico Australia no las
deja participar JJOO 1912 ellas se
pagan el viaje.
Oposición de las sufragistas de
Australia (natación era un acto
impúdico).
en una exhibición se buscó una
orquestra de hombres ciegos para
que no las vieran en bañador.
15. Fanny Blankers-Koen
Dutch athlete (1918-2004).
OOGG 36 Berlín.
(1940 y 1944 no OOGG because of WWII).
1946:
She had a child.
6 weeks after: bronze medal 80 m.
hurdles in Europe Championships.
Was criticized for not taking care of her
child.
1948 OOGG London.
4 gold medals : 100, 200, 4x100 y 80 m.
hurdles.
1999 the best female athlete of XXth (the
male was Carl Lewis).
She is called “the flying dutch” http://youtu.be/Jtuh19OFDhE
16. JJOO 1968 México DF
Por 1ª vez en la historia
de los JJOO una mujer
hace el último relevo
de la torcha:
Enriqueta Basilio.
Atleta (n. 1948).
La mejor atleta
mexicana de su tiempo.
17. Nadia Comaneci
Romanian, 1961.
The best gymnast of all
time.
First to get a 10.
OOGG 76 Montreal y
OOGG 80 Moscow:
5 gold medals.
3 silver medals.
1 bronze medal.
http://youtu.be/u9Kaf3fdxGo
http://youtu.be/4m2YT-PIkEc
18.
19. Nettie Honeyball
London, 1874(?)..
1894 newspaper
advertisement to organize a
female soccer match.
Lady Florence Dixie
supported the project.
London, 1855.
Upper class.
1880 was the first war
correspondent (war in
SouthAfrica)
President of British Ladies
Football Club (BLFC). Nettie Honeyball
20. British Ladies Football Club
Partidos de exhibición en
Inglaterra y Escocia.
La prensa interpreta los
partidos como acto
feminista reivindicativo.
Contexto social:
Nueva Zelanda
(Commonwealth) acababa
de autorizar voto
femenino y UK las mujeres
casadas.
Está naciendo el
sufragismo.
21. Federación Inglesa de Fútbol
prohibe clubes masculinos
jugar contra mujeres: peligro
hacerles daño.
Otros argumentos contrarios:
La práctica del fútbol afeaba
el cuerpo de la mujer
(tobillos anchos),
movimiento pecho podía
provocar cáncer.
Vestuario no apropiado
(pantalones, cabeza
descubierta).
Hay equipos que juegan con
falda y sombrero.
22. The Munitionettes
During WWI took mens
jobs.
The 80% of weaponary from
the British Empire was made
by women.
All the sport (male) leagues
were suspended.
Women played soccer during
their free time.
In 1917 a competition was
organized:
"The munitionette's cup".
After WWI the male leagues
started up again and female
competition was suspended.
23. Prohibición y Mundial
1921 Fed. Inglesa prohíbe que las
mujeres entrenen y jueguen en
instalaciones de clubes
masculinos federados.
Las mujeres "condenadas" a
entrenar y jugar en los parques
públicos. Stoke FC juega i hace
giras (juega en Barcelona 1923).
1969 se funda la Women's
Football Association.
1971 Fed. Inglesa revoca
prohibición de 1921.
1991 se organiza Mundial
femenino (1971 en México ya se
había organizado campeonato
internacional).
