This document provides instructions for an adolescent diversion policy essay assignment and includes two chapters on criminology theories for reference. Students are asked to advocate for a criminal justice policy based on a control theory from chapters 5 or 6 and explain how the policy relates to the theory. The policy chosen must have at least one evaluation of its effectiveness. Two to three pages are required advocating for an adolescent diversion policy linked to a control theory and assessing its impact.

1. Adolescent Diversion Policy Essay
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Attachment PreviewCourse: Criminology Topic: Policy Paper #1 (Linking Control Theory to
Crime Policy) Assignment Instruction: Advocate for a criminal justice policy that is a based
off of any control theory (theories in ch. 5 or 6). In your paper, you must explain how the
policy relates to the theory. The policy that you choose must have at least one performance
evaluation testing its effectiveness. Please visit https://www.crimesolutions.gov for
possible policy topics. You can choose a policy that addresses multiple aspects of a theory
(e.g., it addresses several of Hirschi’s social bonds) or it can focus solely on one dimension
(e.g., the development of self-control in early childhood). Length: 2 to 3 pages (double space,
size 12 font) Due: 28 October (11:59 pm) Chapter 4 Crime in American Society: Anomie and
Strain Theories Class Discussion Question • What is the American dream? Merton’s Strain
Theory: Social Structure and Anomie • Structurally Induced Strain – The United States
places an extraordinary and universal emphasis on economic success for all (the “American
Dream”) – Cardinal American virtue is ambition – Social structure limits access to goal of
success Anomie • Borrowed from Emile Durkheim • Anomie takes hold in societies that
place an intense value on economic success – Pursuit of success no longer is guided by
normative standards of right and wrong – Efficiency rules and innovation and deviance
increase Merton’s Strain Theory: Social Structure and Anomie • Structurally Induced Strain
– Disjunction between what the culture extols (the American Dream) and the means
provided by the social structure (limited legitimate opportunities) – Produces strain and
pressure for deviance Typology of Adaptations Mode of Adaptation Conformity Cultural
Goals + Institutionalized Means + Innovation + – Ritualism – + Retreatism – – Rebellion ± ±
Typology of Adaptations Mode of Adaptation Conformity Cultural Goals + Institutionalized
Means + Innovation + – Ritualism – + Retreatism – – Rebellion ± ± Class activity: Identify
someone who exemplifies each mode of adaptation Rejecting Individualism • Merton: very
nature of American society generates considerable crime and deviance (1) Cultural message
for all to pursue the American Dream (2) Differential opportunities people have to reach
this universal goal • Neighborhoods varied by opportunities and poverty the result of
system, not individuals Agnew’s General Strain Theory • Proposed there were three sources

2. of strain: 1. Failure to achieve positively valued goals 2. Actual or anticipated removal of
positively valued stimuli 3. Actual or anticipated presentation of negative stimuli
Elaborating General Strain Theory • Four factors that increase the likelihood that strain will
prompt a criminal adaptation: 1. The strain is seen as unjust 2. Strain is high in magnitude 3.
The strain is caused by or associated with low self-control 4. The strain creates some
pressure or incentive to engage in criminal coping Crime and the American Dream:
Institutional-Anomie Theory • The American Dream fosters anomie – Use the technically
most efficient means to achieve desired goals • Institutional Balance of Power – Economy
trumps everything in the U.S. – Institutional-Anomie Theory (Messner and Rosenfield,
1994) The Consequences of Theory: Policy Implications • Expand opportunities • Taming
the American Dream – Is this easy to do? Class Discussion Question • Q: Compare and
contrast strain theories (Merton & Agnew) with those from the first three chapters (e.g.,
Spiritualism, Classical, Chicago school) of the book. – What are the similarities? Differences?
– Describe how policy implications based out of strain theories differ from the other
theories …Adolescent Diversion Policy Essay