6. Albuterol sulfate (albuterol sulfate inhalation
solution) inhalation solution is a sterile, clear,
colorless solution of the sulfate salt of racemic
albuterol, albuterol sulfate (albuterol sulfate
inhalation solution) . Albuterol sulfate (albuterol
sulfate inhalation solution) is a relatively selective
beta2-adrenergic bronchodilator (see CLINICAL
PHARMACOLOGY). The chemical name for albuterol
sulfate (albuterol sulfate inhalation solution) is
α1 [(tert-butylamino) methyl]-4-hydroxy-m-xylene-
α, α'-diol sulfate (2:1) (salt), and its established
chemical structure is as follows:
The molecular weight of albuterol sulfate (albuterol
sulfate inhalation solution) is 576.7 and the

7. empirical formula is (C13 H21 NO3)2 •H2 SO4.
Albuterol sulfate (albuterol sulfate inhalation
solution) is a white crystalline powder, soluble in
water and slightly soluble in ethanol. The World
Health Organization recommended name for
albuterol is salbutamol.
Albuterol sulfate (albuterol sulfate inhalation
solution) inhalation solution is supplied in two
strengths in unit dose vials. Each unit dose vial
contains either 0.75 mg of albuterol sulfate
(albuterol sulfate inhalation solution) (equivalent
to 0.63 mg of albuterol) or 1.50 mg of albuterol
sulfate (albuterol sulfate inhalation solution)
(equivalent to 1.25 mg of albuterol) with sodium
chloride and sulfuric acid in a 3-mL isotonic, sterile,
aqueous solution. Sodium chloride is added to
adjust isotonicity of the solution and sulfuric acid is
added to adjust pH of the solution to 4.0 (see HOW
SUPPLIED).
Albuterol sulfate (albuterol sulfate inhalation
solution) inhalation solution does not require
dilution prior to administration by nebulization. For
albuterol sulfate (albuterol sulfate inhalation
solution) inhalation solution, like all other
nebulized treatments, the amount delivered to the
lungs will depend on patient factors, the jet
nebulizer utilized, and compressor performance.
Using the Pari LC Plus™ nebulizer (with face mask
or mouthpiece) connected to a Pari PRONEB™
compressor, under in vitro conditions, the mean
delivered dose from the mouth piece (% nominal
dose) was approximately 43% of albuterol (1.25
mg strength) and 39% of albuterol (0.63 mg

8. strength) at a mean flow rate of 3.6 L/min. The
mean nebulization time was 15 minutes or less.
Albuterol sulfate (albuterol sulfate inhalation
solution) inhalation solution should be
administered from a jet nebulizer at an adequate
flow rate, via a mouthpiece or face mask
Albuterol (also known as salbutamol) is used to
treat wheezing and shortness of breath caused
by breathing problems (such as asthma, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease). Albuterol belongs
to a class of drugs known as bronchodilators. It
works in the airways by opening breathing
passages and relaxing muscles. Controlling
symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time
lost from work or school.
This medication is taken by mouth and does not
work right away. It should not be used for sudden
attacks of breathing trouble. Your doctor may
prescribe a quick-relief inhaler for sudden
shortness of breath/asthma attacks while you are
on this medication. Always have the quick-relief
inhaler with you. Consult your doctor or pharmacist
for more details.
How to use albuterol sulfate oral
Take this medication by mouth as directed by your
doctor, usually 3 or 4 times daily. Dosage is based
on your medical condition and response to
treatment. Adults and children older than 12 years

9. should not take more than 32 milligrams a day.
Children aged 6 to 12 years should not take more
than 24 milligrams a day.
Use this medication regularly to get the most
benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at
the same times each day. Do not increase your
dose or take it more frequently than prescribed.
Learn which of your medications you should use
every day and which you should use if your
breathing suddenly worsens. Ask your doctor what
to do if you have worsening cough shortness of
breath, wheezing, increased sputum,
worsening peak flowmeter readings, increased use
of your quick-relief inhaler, or if your quick-relief
inhaler does not seem to be working well. Learn
when you can self-medicate and when you should
get medical help right away.

10. What Causes Asthma?
The exact cause of asthma isn't known.
Researchers think some genetic and environmental
factors interact to cause asthma, most often early
in life. These factors include:
 An inherited tendency to develop allergies,
called atopy (AT-o-pe)
 Parents who have asthma
 Certain respiratory infections during childhood
 Contact with some airborne allergens or
exposure to some viral infections in infancy or
in early childhood when the immune system is
developing
If asthma or atopy runs in your family, exposure to
irritants (for example, tobacco smoke) might make
your airways more reactive to substances in the
air.
Some factors might be more likely to cause asthma
in certain people than in others. Researchers
continue to explore what causes asthma.

11. The Hygiene Hypothesis
One theory researchers have for what causes
asthma is called the hygiene hypothesis. They
believe that our Western lifestyle—with its
emphasis on hygiene and sanitation—has resulted
in changes in our living conditions and an overall
decline in infections in early childhood.
Many young children no longer have the same
types of environmental exposures and infections as
children did in the past. This affects the way that
young children's immune systems develop during
very early childhood, and it may increase their risk
for atopy and asthma. This is especially true for
children who have close family members with one
or both of these conditions.
asth·ma
ˈazmə/
noun
1.1.
a respiratory condition marked by spasms in the
bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing.
It usually results from an allergic reaction or other
forms of hypersensitivity.
1.What are the symptoms of asthma?

12. ... Common asthma symptoms include:
 Coughing, especially at night
 Wheezing
 Shortness of breath ...
Common signs and symptoms of asthma include:
 Coughing. Coughing from asthma often is worse at
night or early in the morning, making it hard to
sleep.
 Wheezing. ...
... Asthma signs and symptoms include:
 Shortness of breath
 Chest tightness or pain
 Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath,
coughing or wheezing ...
ASTHMA FACTS
 Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the lung
airways that causes coughing, chest tightness,
wheezing or shortness of breath.
 An estimated 22 million Americans have
asthma; 6.5 million are under 18.
 Asthma mortality is 4,000 deaths per year.
 Mortality is especially high among Puerto
Ricans and African-Americans. Puerto Ricans
are four times more likely and African
Americans are three times more likely to die of
asthma than Caucasians.
 Asthma results in 497,000 hospitalizations and
1.8 million emergency room visits.

13.  Asthma is the most common chronic illness in
childhood, accounting for 12.8 million missed
school days each year. It also accounts for 10.1
million lost work days for adults.
 The estimated economic cost of asthma is
$19.7 billion annually.
 Direct medical expenditures associated with
asthma, including hospital care, physicians’
services and medications, are estimated at
$14.7 billion annually.
 Indirect medical expenditures, including lost
work days for adults suffering from asthma or
caring for children with asthma and lost future
earnings from premature deaths associated
with asthma, total $5 billion annually.
 Triggers that can initiate an asthma attack
include allergens such as pollen, dust, animal
dander, drugs and food additives, as well as
viral respiratory infections and physical
exertion. Obesity, use of acetaminophen and
exposure to formaldehyde and other volatile
organic substances are identified as new risk
factors for asthma.
 Asthma is often hereditary.
 Weather conditions such as extremely dry, wet
or windy weather can worsen an asthma
condition.
 Effective asthma treatment includes monitoring
the disease with a peak flow meter, identifying
and avoiding allergen triggers, using drug
therapies including bronchodilators and anti-
inflammatory agents, and developing an
emergency plan for severe attacks.

14.  There are two types of asthma medications:
long-term control and quick-relief medications.
Long-term control medications are preventive,
taken daily to achieve and maintain control of
asthma symptoms. Quick-relief medications are
used to treat asthma attacks. They relieve
symptoms rapidly and are taken on an as-
needed basis.
 One of the most effective medications for
controlling asthma is inhaled corticosteroids,
which are anti-inflammatory medications.
Taken early and as directed, these well-
tolerated and safe medications can improve
asthma control, normalize lung function, and
possibly prevent irreversible injury to lung
airways.
 Combination therapy (inhaled corticosteroid
plus a long-acting beta2-agonist) is the
preferred treatment for asthma when inhaled
corticosteroids alone do not control the
disease.
 Immunotherapy or allergy vaccinations should
be considered if asthma is triggered by
exposure to unavoidable allergens, if symptoms
occur year-round or during a majority of the
year, or if it is difficult to control symptoms
with medication.

15. Need more information?
Lung Health Information Line: 1-888-
344-LUNG (5864)
info@on.lung.ca
Subscribe to our eNewsletters
Asthma No Attacks Hotline
1-866-NO-ATTACKS (1-866-662-8822)
www.noattacks.org
 Allergy and Asthma Network *Mothers of
Asthmatics www.aanma.org 1-800-878-4403
 American Lung Association 1-800-586-
4872 www.lungusa.org Visit this site to obtain
phone numbers for local chapters.
 Asthma and Allergy Foundation of
America www.aafa.org 1-800-727-8462, 7
a.m. - midnight
CERTAIN FOODS
Many people find that foods containing the
preservative sulfite can trigger their asthma
symptoms. If you have been suffering from flare-
ups, take a look at what you are eating and
drinking. It may take a while to figure out what
foods—if any—trigger your asthma symptoms.
Tracking the foods you eat and how you react to
them can give you valuable information about
possible food triggers. Some common culprits are:

16.  Beer
 Wine
 Shrimp
 Dried fruit
 Processed potatoes
COCKROACHES
Many people with asthma are allergic to the dried
droppings and remains of cockroaches.
 Keep all food out of your bedroom.
 Keep food and garbage in closed containers
(never leave food out).
 Use bait or traps to eliminate cockroaches.
 If a spray is used to kill roaches, stay out of the
room until the odor goes away.
Moisture causes mold, so getting rid of excess
water in your house or workplace may help get rid
of mold.
 Fix leaky faucets, pipes, and other sources of
water.
 Clean mold off surfaces with a cleaner that has
bleach in it.
 Replace or wash moldy shower curtains.
 Open a window or turn on the exhaust fan when
you shower.

Some people are allergic to the dander (the flakes
of skin), dried saliva, or urine that comes from
animals with fur or feathers. Even feathers in a
pillow can cause allergic reactions or asthma
symptoms. Giving up your beloved pet may not be

17. an option, so if your symptoms get worse around
your pet, try the following tips:
 Avoid having too many pets; the more pets you
have, the more allergens there will be.
 When your pet comes in from outdoors, wipe it
with a damp cloth.
 Bathing your dog or cat weekly may cut down on
its dander. (Your cat may prefer a damp-cloth
rubdown.)
 Ask someone who doesn't have asthma to do all
pet grooming and bathing outdoors.
 Ask someone who doesn't have asthma to
change your cat's litter box.
 Don't allow pets in your bedroom.
 If possible, make a comfortable home for your
pet outdoors.
POLLEN AND OUTDOOR MOLD
More than half of the approximately 25.7 million
Americans with asthma also have allergies,
including allergies to pollen and outdoor mold. If
you're one of them, allergy season can be tough on
your asthma. And if you have multiple allergies, it
also can be long: tree and flower pollens cause
problems in early spring, grass pollens strike in late
spring and early summer, and weed pollens are
active in late summer. While you can't avoid pollen
entirely, the following tips may help you weather
the seasons:

18.  Try to keep your windows closed. A strong wind
may carry pollen right through an open window
into your home.
 If possible, stay indoors with your windows
closed during the late morning and afternoon
hours, when ragweed and other pollen and mold-
spore counts are highest.
 Heat, humidity, and air pollution can cause your
asthma symptoms to worsen, so if you have air
conditioning, try to keep it on.
Iv’e had this condition
since I was 6 months old.

19. The doctors
discovered I have Asthma

20. Doctors discovered it when ii
was rushed to the hospital at
the age of 6 months.
At Miami children hospital.

21. My mom was feeding me milk
in the bottle. When suddenly,
it started coming out through
my nose. My mom says it was
as if I was grasping for air. My
mom immediately drove me to

22. my pediatrician. That is how it
was discovered that I have
asthma.