prepared by erick shileki(RUCU)

1. RESPIRATORY PHARMACOLOGY.

2. COUGH
COUGH-refers to the kind of
protective/defensive mechanism of the
respiratory tract tend to remove the excessive
mucus though the respiratory tract.It occurs
due to stimulation of mechano or
chemoreceptor in throat,respiratory passage
or stretch receptors in the lungs.
Cough may be useful(productive) or
useless(nonproductive).

3. CONT………..
(a)PRODUCTIVE(USEFUL)COUGH
This is one that serves to drain the airway its
suppression is not desirable may even be harmful,
except if the amount of expectoration achieved is
small compared to the effort of continuous coughing.
(b)NONPRODUCTIVE(USELESS)COUGH
This also sometimes is called dry cough it is not
associated with expectoration of secretions, and it
should be suppressed or eliminated by stimulating
the CNS .

4. DRUGS FOR COUGH TREATMENT.
Apart from using the antibiotics for treating cough,
cough may be treated based on symptomatic
approaches.
1.PHARYNGEAL DEMULCENTS:lozenges, cough
drops,linctuses containing syrup, glycerine,
liquorice.
2.EXPECTORANTS(MUCOKINETICS):
(a)Bronchial secretion enhancers:sodium or
potassum citrate, potassium iodide,
Guaiphenesin(glyceryl guaiacolate),balsam of
tolu,vasaka, Ammonium chloride.

5. CONT……..
(b)Mcolytics:Bromhexine,Ambroxol,Acetyl
cysteine,carbocisteine.
3.ANTITTUSIVES(cough centre suppressants):
(a)Opiods:codeine, ethylmorphine,pholcodeine.
(b)Nonopiods: Noscapine,Dextromethorphan,
chlophedianol.
(c)Antihistamines:chlorpheniramine,
Diphenhyramine,promethazine

6. CONT…….
(d)Peripherally acting:prenoxdiazine.
4.ADJUVANT ANTITUSSIVE:
Brochiodilators:salbutamol, terbutalin

7. CONT……..
DEMULCENTS AND EXPECTORANTS.
Pharyngeal demulcents, are responsible for
soothing the irritated throat due to cough
caused by the irritation and also due to
inflammation, thus provide the symptomatic
relief caused by the dry cough.

8. CONT…….
EXPECTORANTS(MUCOKINETICS):These refers
to the drug substances that are intended to
increase the bronchial secretions by inducing
reducing the viscosity of the bronchial
secretions by salt action. All expectorants are
useful for treating productive cough. The
following are the most commonly used
expectorants:

9. CONT……..
 Ammonium chloride
 potassium iodide
 Guaiphenesin
 Vasaka
 Basalm of tolu
 Aloin barbadensin
 Potassium or sodium citrate.

10. CONT………
MUCOLYTICS: refers to the agents that tends to
loosens respiratory secretions.Mucolytics are used to
treat bronchopulmonary disease as adjunctive
therapy. Examples of most commonly used
mucolytics are acetylcysteine,bromhexine,ambroxol
etc.

11. CONT…….
ANTITUSSIVE.
These are the drugs that are used to depress the cough
center located in the medulla and are called centrally
acting drugs.Antitussive should be used only for dry
unproductive cough or if is unduly tiring, disturbs sleep
or is hazardous (hernia,piles,cardiac disease,ocular
surgery).
TYPES OF ANTITUSSIVES
(a)Opioid(narcotic)antitussives:examples of opioid
antitussive includes codeine, hydrocodone,
pholcodeine

12. CONT………
(b)Nonopioid antitussive:
Dextromethorphan,noscapine ,chlophedianol
But the mostly common used antitussive is
dextromethorphan.
but most of the cough preparations are nowdays used
as the combination formula as
expectorant,demulcent,analgesic,
antihistamines,decongestant, and antitussive.

13. CONT…….
EXAMPLE OF COUGH SYRUPS.
1.KOFLYN-SYRUP: It inclues the following;
• Chlorpheniramine maleate…….
• Ammonium chloride……….
• Sodium citrate……..
• Menthol……..
It ensures expectoration and soothes the
throat.Indicated in bronchitis,productive cough and
allergic cough.

14. CONT………
2.KOFLYN MIXED FRUIT AND RASPBERRY SOLN.
Koflyn is available in two flavours,Raspberry and mixed.
INGRIDIENTS.
 Diphenhydramine hydrochloride…..
It is indicated for the relief of cough and associated
congestive symptoms.

15. CONT………….
3.MUCOLYN SYRUP.
Mucolyn Syrup is indicated for all types of
coughs and colds; i.e. used as expectorant as
well as antitussive. Mucolyn Syrup is useful in
allergic conditions including vasomotor rhinitis
and urticaria.

16. CONT………
INGRIDIENTS.
 Ammonium chloride…….
 Dextromethorphan hydrobromide…..
 Chlorpheniramine maleate……..
 Bromhexine hydrochloride……

17. CONT……………
4.MUCOLYN PAEDRITIC SYRUP.
Paedritic syrup is indicated for all types of cough and
colds in children.
INGRIDIENTS
 Ammonium chloride……..
 Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride………
 Chlopheniramine maleate……..
 Dextromethorphan hydrobromide…..

18. CONT…………
5.MUCOLYN-XL SOLUTION.
It is an expectorant for the symptomatic relief of acute
productive(chesty)cough.
INGRIDIENTS.
Each 5ml(teaspoonful)contains Guaifenesin.

19. CONT………
6.COLDRIL SYRUP.
Coldril syrup provides 4 in 1 relief from cold and flu.It is
a safe and effective nasal decongestant, controls
allergic manifestation and has an effective antipyretic
effect.
INGRIDIENTS.
Paracetamol……
Chlorpheniramine maleate…..
Pseudoephedrine………..

20. CONT……………