This document discusses universal values and cultural relativism. It provides examples of universal values discussed by prominent historical figures like Plato, Jesus Christ, and Confucius, such as temperance, courage, wisdom, love, righteousness, and filial piety. These values are argued to exist across all times and places. The document also discusses perspectives on universal values from philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, and Thomas Aquinas. It provides definitions of universal values and examples of moral standards and values implied in concepts like the ten commandments. Finally, it summarizes empirical research on universal values conducted by Dr. Kent M. Keith.

1. Ethics
Universal Values
Group 2
Alzona, Atentar, Barrientos, Cagalitan, Capuno

2. Cultural Relativism
apply to all people regardless of their
social ethnic or cultural backgrounds
Universal Value
is a concept that denies the existence of
universal values claiming that a value
cannot be universal because it is
interrupted differently in each culture

3. Who will benefit from the
universal value?
Why are universal values
necessary for human survival ?
How do universal values affect a
person's daily life

4. Plato Jesus Christ Confucious
Talked about the values
or virtues of temperance,
courage and wisdom.
Preached the value of
love from which springs
patience, kindness,
goodwill,forgiveness,an
d compassion.
Thought righteousness,
human-heartedness,
filial piety.

5. Are not these universal values, that is they remain
values at all times and in all places?
• Plato would say, they exist from the concrete world.
• Aristotle would say that they exist embodied in the
concrete individual as common or essential
characteristics.
• St. Thomas agreed with them, but universals do not
exist apart from the individual; they exist as universal
features individuated, instantiated in the individuals.
In other words, the universal are abstracted common
features from individual.

6. Universal Values
• The character of human person exists in the
mind as an idea.
• Immaterial and Immutable, beyond space and
time, or spatio-temporal conditions.
• Van Peursen termed as "logical structures"
underlying the material world and making the
world possible.

7. MORAL STANDARDS
AND VALUES
• The values of honesty and respect for human life
are characteristics individuated in all people who
respect, do no harm, injure or kill, human beings.
• All the standards and values are implied in the ten
commandments can be reduced to the value or rule
of love.
• Values are universalized because they can only be
wished to be values of all.

8. Dr. Kent M. Keith
(2003)
Imperical findings on the
"Universal Values"
- He came up with a list of
fundamental or universal
principles that can be found
throughout the world.

9. These are group into negative
and positive statement as follows:
• Do Not Harm
• Do Good

10. Make room for flexibility
Routine doesn't mean rigid
• Don't be too hard on yourself
you miss doing your routine
adjust as needed and try again.

11. Be Inspired
" Some values must be universal, like Human Rights and
the equal worth of every human being''
- BJORN ULVAEUS

12. CONCLUSION

13. Thank you
for listening