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§11.3 感生电动势 涡旋电场
dt
d
ldE m
L
k
Φ
ε −=⋅= ∫
rr
0>
∂
∂
t
B
r
动生电动势
∫∫ ⋅×=⋅=
LL
k ldBvldE
rrrrr
)(εMotional emf
非静电力感生电动势
∫∫ ⋅=⋅=
LL
k ldldE
rrr
)?(εInduced emf
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麦克斯韦
J.C.Maxwell
涡旋电场
vortex electric field
感应电场
induced electric field
A changing magnetic field produces an electric field
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difference
electrostatic fields are produced by static charges
vortex electric fields are produced by changing magnetic
field
涡旋电场 静电场与
divergeelectrostatic field 发散状
vortex electric field curl 涡旋状
either field will exert a force on a charge qEq
r
共同点
∫∫ ⋅=⋅=
L
i
L
k ldEldE
rrrr
ε
dt
d
ldE m
L
i
Φ
−=⋅∫
rr iE
r
vortex electric field
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∫∫∫∫ ⋅=⋅=
SS
m
Sd
t
B
SdB
dt
d
dt
d r
r
rr
∂
∂Φ
∫∫∫ ⋅−=⋅
SL
i Sd
t
B
ldE
r
r
rr
∂
∂
t
B
∂
∂
r
iE
r vortex electric field
left-hand rule
dt
d
ldE m
L
i
Φ
−=⋅∫
rr
涡旋电场
左旋
麦克斯韦电磁场理论的基本假设之一
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betatron (电子感应加速器)
CAI
Electrons travel in a circular
orbit between the poles of a
large electromagnet.
Magnetic field varies in a
sine wave.
Only the first quarter
( ) is considered.0
d
d
>
t
B
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F F
vv
period: the first quarter
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period: the second quarter
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the third quarterPeriod:
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Period: the fourth quarter CAI
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Induction eddy current (感生涡电流)
高电阻率的材料 (硅钢、铁氧体)减小涡电流的方法:
铁片的绝缘层与涡流垂直使用叠合起来的彼此绝缘的铁片
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ω∝
∂
∂
∝∝
t
B
EI ii
2
ω∝P
高频感应加热
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I
skin effect趋肤效应
↑R↓SEffective section
改善方法:
2. 分束法
1. 表面镀银
3. 空心
有效截面
i i
B
r
B
r
I
( )rj
O
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