This document defines intellectual disability and outlines key aspects of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act in India. Intellectual disability is characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior that originate before age 18. The Act aims to promote the social security, health, rehabilitation, and recreation of disabled individuals. It covers social security benefits, preventative healthcare, and ensures access to cultural, recreational, and sporting activities.

1. INTELLECTUAL
DISABILITY
Vithal Gawde
PGDM Healthcare Management

2. Definitions for Intellectual Disability
Characterised by significant limitations both in
intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour,
which covers many everyday social and practical
skills. The disability originates before the age of
18.
“Significantly sub-average general intellectual
functioning, existing concurrently with deficits in
adaptive behaviour and manifested during the
developmental period, that adversely affects a
child’s educational performance.

3. The Nature of Intellectual Disability
• Intellectual disability, traditionally known as mental retardation, is
characterised by a combination of cognitive performance and
adaptive behaviour abnormalities.
• The severity of intellectual disability is determined by the
disparity between the individual's learning capacities and the
social environment's expectations.
• Mental retardation/intellectual impairment is reduced mental
functioning, such as communication, self-care, and social abilities.
• These restrictions hinder a child's development.

4. Mental Retardation/
Intellectual
Disability includes
* Intelligence Test Scores
* Adaptive Functioning
* Age of Onset

5. Effects following skills
• Conceptual skills—language and literacy; money, time, and
number concepts; and self-direction.
• Social skills—interpersonal skills, social responsibility, self-esteem,
gullibility, naïveté (i.e., wariness), social problem solving, and the
ability to follow rules/obey laws and to avoid being victimized.
• Practical skills—activities of daily living (personal care),
occupational skills, healthcare, travel/transportation,
schedules/routines, safety, use of money, use of the telephone.

6. Rights of Persons
With Disabilities
Act, 2016
Chapter 5
SOCIAL SECURITY, HEALTH,
REHABILITATION AND RECREATION

7. Salient
Features:
• Covers social security for disabled people,
including caregiver allowance, pension, aids, and
appliances.
• Prescribes measures for preventing disability and
promoting health.
• Promotes art, culture, recreation, and sports
Amongst the people with disabilities.

9. Healthcare
The government must protect and
promote disabled people's health.
Health is a two-part provision.
• One part involves ensuring
disabled people can access
healthcare.
• Second, the government must
prevent disabilities.

10. CULTURE AND
RECREATION
• The Act protects disabled people's rights
to participate in cultural and recreational
activities. Two types of measures are
needed.
• The government must provide special
facilities and financial support for disabled
artists and writers so they can pursue their
passions.
• Other efforts must be made to ensure that
all indoor and outdoor recreational activities
are accessible to people with disabilities.

11. SPORTING
ACTIVITIES
The government must ensure disabled
people can play sports. The Act
recommends a two-pronged approach:
• Redeveloping existing infrastructure,
facilities, courses, and programmes so
people with disabilities can access
them.
• Allocating funds for developing
infrastructure and organising sporting
events for people with disabilities.

12. Thank you