1. Improvement of Vehicle/ Fuel
Efficiency through the
Introduction of Eco-Drive
Management System (EMS)
ALMEC CORPORATION
under MOEJ/GEC
Feasibility Study Program on Bilateral Offset Credit
Mechanism (BOCM) in 2012
23 August 2012
Melia Hotel, Hanoi City
2. Background
Due to rapid motorization, the number of passenger cars and
taxis have grown 10 times in the past 10 years in Hanoi.
Mobile phones, especially smart phones have been
popularized in Hanoi City.
Japan has much experience and know-how on eco-drive. In
addition, Eco-drive Management System (EMS) has
undergone much technology development in recent years.
Objective
1. Conduct of Feasibility Study on improvement of vehicle/ fuel
efficiency through the introduction of EMS to taxis in Hanoi
2. Development of a Measurement, Reporting, Verification
(MRV) scheme applicable to Bilateral Offset Credit
Mechanism (BOCM) for improvement of vehicle/ fuel
efficiency of taxis
3. Number of registered cars in Hanoi
Rapid increase is seen in recent years
From 2007 to present,
registered cars are rapidly
increasing due to the increase
of people’s income and
affordability.
Source: Hanoi Traffic Police, 2011
4. Number of registered taxis in Hanoi
10 times increase in past 10 years
18000 From 2003 to 2012,
registered taxis have
14000
increased by about 10 times.
10000
6000
2000
0
2003 06 07 08 09 10 11 2012
Source: Hanoi Department of Transport, 2011
5. Number of taxis by company
Hanoi Taxi Group has the largest share
There are 114 taxi companies and
2,500
17,500 taxis in Hanoi City.
2,000
2,000 The top 7 companies account for
35% of the total share.
1,500
1,200
1,000
1,000
700
500 500
500 300
0
Hanoi Mai Linh Thien Ba Sao Manh Thanh PV Trans
Taxi JSC Phong Group Truong Nga JSC
Group Ltd. Binh Ltd.
6. Growth of mobile phone subscribers
Mobile phone subscribers have increased
by 6 times in the past 5 years
117.6
The number of subscribers is
1.34 times higher than the
number of population
(population in Vietnam is
87.84 million people).
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: MIC and General Statistics Office, 2011
7. Share of Smart Phone OS in
First Quarter of 2012 in Vietnam
“Android” is leading the Smart Phone
Operating System market in Vietnam
Symbian,
iOS,Wind
- Smartphone’s share
ows… goes up from 10% in
21%
2010 to 34% in 2011.
- Android leads the smart
phone operating system
Android
market, accounting for
79% 79% of total share.
Source: Information Development Center Vietnam, 2012
8. Driving patterns and Eco-driving
In Japan, eco-driving training is conducted for
4 driving modes: starting, accelerating,
decelerating, and stopping
9. What is the effect of Eco-Drive ?
According to the case in Japan, 26% of
mileage improvement can be expected
10. Project Activities
Conduct of Feasibility Study on Development of a Measurement,
mileage improvement project Reporting, Verification (MRV)
through the introduction of EMS scheme applicable to Bilateral
to taxis in Hanoi Offset Credit Mechanism (BOCM)
for improving mileage and
efficiency of taxis
Introduction of EMS to taxis Study of applicability
Study of reference scenario
Conduct of Eco-drive training
Monitoring
Quantifying emission reduction
Assessment of feasibility
effects
11. Overall Study Schedule
2012 2013
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
L E M L E M L E M L E M L E M L E M L E M L E M L E
Study scheduling
(1) Site Survey
Data and Informations
(2)
Collection
(3) MRV Methodology
Quantify GHG
(4)
emission Reduction
(5) Feasibility Study
(6) Reporting
Monthly Report ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲
Interim Report ▲
(2012/9/20)
DF/R(2013/1/10) ▲
F/R(2013/3/44) ▲
Interim Review ▲
(2012 early Nov.)
12. Part I
Conduct of Feasibility Study on
improvement of vehicle/ fuel
efficiency through the introduction
of EMS to taxis in Hanoi
13. Outline of GHG Mitigation Activities
Improvement of Vehicle/ Fuel Efficiency through the
Introduction of Eco-Drive Management System
Improve vehicle/ fuel efficiency of taxis in Hanoi by
introducing Japanese Eco-drive management system
(EMS) device and Eco-drive training to taxi drivers.
10 units of EMS devices were installed in the Study.
1.install EMS device 2.Eco-drive training 3.Eco-drive in practice
CO2 EMS CO2 EMS
Collect and analyze Improve driving skills and enhance Collect and analyze
driving records (Before) awareness of eco-driving driving records (After)
Monitoring Emission Reduction
14. Outline of EMS Device
Android smart phones are used to collect and display the fuel
consumption (FC) and other driving situation data (DSD) on real-time
basis.
Using popular smart-phones as an EMS device offers inexpensive
and effective eco-drive system to taxi companies in developing
countries.
1. OBD2 Scanner (Bluetooth)
Install OBD2 scanner (Bluetooth) device to OBD2 (On Board
Diagnosis II) connector (located under driving handle)
Data is transmitted from the connector to Andriod smart phones
via Bluetooth system (wireless)
OBD2 Scanner EMS Device (Smartphone)
16. Outline of EMS Device
2. Smart phones
EMS is an application tool for Android smart phones.
The EMS device can help drivers to practice Eco-Drive by
providing information on driving situations and alerting for
sudden acceleration or breaks.
Example of data that can be provided (total 55): instantaneous
fuel consumption, average fuel consumption, acceleration,
GPS location, eco-drive diagnosis points, etc.
(Ex.) display FC and DSD
17. Eco-Drive Training
Example of Eco-Drive Training program in
Japan managed by ECCJ.
(Energy Conservation Centre Japan)
Lecture
Learning Eco-Drive
Review Session
18. Part II
Development of a MRV scheme
applicable to BOCM for improving
vehicle/ fuel efficiency of taxis
19. Framework of GHG Emission Reduction
Activities in Transport Sector
Scope: Passenger Transport
Reduce Traffic Shift to Low Carbon
Increase Efficiency
Volume Modes
To be Increased transit Increased vehicle/
considered Indicator：pkm/tkm efficiency fuel efficiency
separately Indicator: pkm/tkm Indicator: km
Comparison: Comparison:
Comparison:
Operating transport Operating vehicles of
Comparable vehicles
modes same transport mode
Operating Modus : Urban or suburban passenger transit
Source: Draft of Guidelines Standardized Baselines For The Transport Sector (July 2012, Grutter Consulting AG, UNFCC)
Possible activities Increase occupation rate
for taxi Usage of low carbon fuel
Optimal vehicle arrangement
Vehicle improvement
Route selection
Driver training (Eco-drive)
Reduce vacant cars
20. Preliminary MRV Methodology
Emission reductions are calculated as the difference between the
reference emission factor (EF) and the monitored project EF multiplied
with the activity level (driving distance) of the project vehicle.
REFVE ,i , y SFCi , x , y NCVx , y EFCO2, x , y N x ,i i
/N
x
Where REFVEi,y = Reference emission factor for vehicle/fuel efficiency measures
SFCi,x,y = Specific fuel consumption of vehicle category I using fuel type x
NCVx,y = Net calorific value of fuel type x in year y
EFCO2,x,y= Carbon emission factor for fuel type x in year y
Ni = No. of vehicles of category I reference scenario
Nx,i = No. of vehicles in vehicle category i using fuel type x reference
Table Monitoring Data Requirements and Sources
Parameter Description Data source(s)
Ni,x/Ni Share of vehicles of category i using fuel type x Vehicles registration statistics
SFCi,x Specific fuel consumption of vehicle category i Company data, surveys, default
NCVx Net calorific value of fuel type x IPCC default value
EFCO2,x CO2 emission factor of fuel type x IPCC default value
21. Expected GHG Reductions
In case of 1,000 taxi practices, Eco-Drive results in 10% of fuel
efficiency improvement and nearly 1,000 tonCO2/ year of GHG
emission reduction is expected.
It equivalent to 400 KL/ year or 400 L/ year/ taxi of fuel consumption
reduction
parameter unit value source
SFCi,y l/km 0.08 assumption (HTG Vios)
NCVy J/g 42,500 IPCC default value lower boundary
d g/l 783 assumption
EFCO2,y gCO2/j 67.5x10-6 IPCC default value lower boundary
REFVE,i,y gCO2/km 179.70
Annual Effect of Number Fuel saved GHG Emission
mileage(km) Eco-Drive of vehicles (KL) Reduction (tCO2/y)
50,000 10% 1,000 400 898.5
50,000 5% 20,000 4,000 8,985
50,000 10% 20,000 8,000 17,970
22. Vehicle/ fuel efficiency in urban and
suburban areas
The level of
vehicle/ fuel
efficiency
improvement is
different by area.
Normally efficiency
improvement is
greater in suburban
areas.
The city is divided
into a 1km mesh for National
detailed analysis. Provincial
Urban
Suburban
Village
