Power plants for military vehicles

1. Prof B Dayal

2. Prof B Dayal

3. HISTORY AND EVOLUTION
OF MILITARY VEHICLE POWER
PLANT
• AGRICULTURAL TRACTORS MODIFIED AS
BATTLE TANKS IN WW I
• POWER LIMITED TO 50-90 BHP
• SPEEDS LIMITED TO 5-8 MPH
• LESSONS OF WW I LEADING TO START OF
DESIGN WORK ON MILITARY SPECIAL POWER
PLANTS MAINLY BASED ON PETROL RUN
ENGINES

5. POWER PLANT
• A POWER PLANT IS A SYSTEM WHICH CONVERTS FUEL
ENERGY INTO PROPULSION ENERGY
• A POWER PLANT CONSISTS OF:-
• ENGINE AND ITS ACCESSORIES
(I) AIR FILTERS (II) GENERATOR
(IIi) TURBOCHARGER (iv) STARTER
(V) COOLONG SYSTEM (VI) PREHEATER ETC
• TXN SYSTEM
FUEL
ENERGY
HEAT ENERGY PRESSURE OR MECH ENERGY PROPULSION ENERGY

6. POWER PLANT
• FINAL DRIVE
• AUXILIARY ENGINE
• FUEL SYSTEM

7. POWER FLOW IN COMBAT VEHICLE
POWER PLANTS
ENGINE
INTERMEDIATE
GEAR
BOX
GEAR
BOX
SPROC
KET
C
L
U
T
C
H
S
S
FINAL DRIVE
FINAL DRIVE
SPROCK
ET
STEERING
SYSTEM
BRAKE
SYSTEM
FAN DRIVE

8. TYPES OF POWER PLANTS
• INDUSTRIAL POWER PLANTS
• AGRICULTURE POWER PLANTS
• EARTH MOVING POWER PLANTS
• GENERATORS POWER PLANTS
• LOCOMOTIVE POWER PLANTS

9. TYPES OF POWER PLANTS
LOCOMOTIVE POWER PLANTS
PESSENGER
VEHICLES
LOAD CARRIERS MILITARY VEHICLES

10. COMPARISION OF PASSENGER
VEHICLE AND MILITARY VEHICLES
POWER PLANTS
PASSENGER VEH MVPP
1. No space constraint Space Constaint
2. Power/Wt ratio- No Priority Highest Priority
3. Noise as less as possible No priority
4. Thermal Signature – No Priority To be considered
5. Multifuel capability- Not Reqd Reqd
6. Running Cost- High Priority Less Important
7. Maint Cost - -do- -do-
8. Initial Cost - -do- -do-
9. Maint – Maintaining Agency-Mfr User
10. ESP – Not Reqd Very Essential
11. Preservation Process- not required Essential

11. THE POWER WAR
• 1902-1920 - 50-150 BHP
• 1920-1946 - 250-400 BHP
• 1946-1985 - 400- 800 BHP
• 1985- 1996 - 700- 1500 BHP
• 1996- 2005 - 1000- 2000 BHP
• HOW MUCH MORE CAN THEY MILK FROM 3-3.5
METRE CUBE SPACE ?

12. THE POWER WAR
VS
COMPACTNESS

15. WHY MORE POWER ?
• TO MATCH THE ENEMY’S TANK
• AGILITY
• SURPLUS POWER
• VERSATILE MOBILITY
• OVERCOME TERRAIN RESTRICTIONS
ALTOGETHER
• SHOCK ACTION

16. AFV POWER PLANT
REQUIREMENTS
• COMPACTNESS( LOW INSTALLED VOLUME)
• ADEQUATE POWER (HIGH SPECIFIC OUTPUT)
• HIGHEST POSSIBLE OPERATING EFFICIENCY AND
RELIABILITY.
• SHOULD WORK SATISFACTORILY AT EXTREME
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, i.e., -57 DEG TO +50 DEG IN
ALL HOSTILE TERRAIN CONDITIONS.
• LONGER LIFE
• A GOOD TORQUE- SPEED CURVE
• EASE OF COLD STARTING
• IMMEDIATE FULL LOAD CAPABILITY AFTER STARTING
• HIGH ACCELERATION
• GOOD BRAKING

17. AFV POWER PLANT
REQUIREMENTS
• MINIMUM FUEL CONSUMPTION
• MULTY FUEL CAPABILITY
• LOW AIR REQUIREMENT
• LOW THERMAL SIGNATURE
• LOW NOISE (SILENT RUNNING)
• HIGH POWER TO WEIGHT RATIO
• IMMUNITY FROM DUST AND WATER
• LOW FIRE RISK
• LESSER TOXIC SMOKE
• FREEDOM FROM RADIO INTERFERENCE
• LOW THERMAL SIGNATURE
• EASE OF PRODUCTION

18. AFV POWER PLANT REQUIREMENTS
• LOW INITIAL AND RUNNING COST
• STANDARDISATION OF COMPONENT, SUBASSEMBLIES
AND ASSEMBLIES
• REDUCED MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS
• EASY ACCESSIBILITY AND REPLACEMENT OF
COMPONENTS
• LESSER DETERIORATION IN STORAGE
• A MINIMUM OF TIME AND LABOUR AND TOOLS FOR
ENGINE INSTALLATION AND REMOVAL
• EASY PRESERVATION
• EASY WATER PROOFING
• AVAILABILITY OF ESP
• OPERATE IN INCREASED TILT

19. AFV POWER PLANT
REQUIREMENTS
• RAM- D
– RELIABILITY
– AVAILABILITY
– MAIATAINABILITY
– DURABILITY

20. PECULIAR PROBLEMS OF AFV
POWER PLANT
• LIMITED AVAILABILITY OF SPACE FOR INSTALLATION
• ENGINE COOLING:
– LARGE RADIATORS
– HEAVY DUTY FANS
– SPECIAL LOUVRES
– COMPROMISE WITH ARMOUR PROTECTION DUE TO (B) AND
(C)
• FILTERATION OF AIR
• ACCESSIBILITY OF PARTS
• MANUFACTURING CAPABILITY
– UNWILLINGNESS BY PRIVATE SECTOR DUE TO LIMITED
REQUIREMENTS

21. PECULIAR PROBLEMS OF AFV
POWER PLANT
– PECULIAR CHANGE IN ASSEMBLY LINE
– ONLY ONE TIME REQUIREMENT
– MAINTAINABILITY AND ESP BURDEN THROUGHOUT
LIFE CYCLE

22. POWER OUTPUT
• GROSS POWER. MAXIMUM POWER PRODUCED BY THE ENGINE IN
THE TEST HOUSE UNDER IDEAL CONDITIONS WHEN ALL THE
ACCESSORIES ARE DRIVEN FROM AN OUT SIDE SOURCE SUCH AS
COOLING FAN, PUMPS ETC. AT TIMES CAM SHAFT IS ALSO RUN
FROM OUTSIDE.
• NET POWER. MAXIMUM POWER PRODUCED BY THE ENGINE IN
TEST HOUSE UNDER IDEAL CONDITIONS. ALL ACCESSORIES ARE
DRIVEN BY THE ENGINE. AVDS-70 AIR COOLED ENGINE OF USA
HAS GOT TWO COOLING FANS. THE FANS CONSUME 185 KW.
• INSTALLED POWER. MAXIMUM POWER PRODUCED BY THE
ENGINE IN ACTUAL INSTALLATION. IN AN AFV ENGINE WILL BE
ENCLOSED FROM ALL SIDES WITH ARMOUR. CERTAIN LOUVRES
ARE PROVIDED FOR ENTRY AND EXIT OF AIR. TEMPERATURE IS
GOING TO BE MUCH HIGHER. ENGINE POWER WILL BE REDUCED
CONSIDERABLY.

23. POWER OUTPUT
• SPROCKET POWER. POWER AVAILABLE AT THE
SPROCKET OF THE VEHICLE, WHICH IS
AVAILABLE FOR THE TRACTION. THIS IS THE
RIGHT MEASURE.
SPROCKET POWER= INSTALLED POWER –
TRANSMISSION LOSSES

24. • CHALLENGER 2 E (UK).
– ENGINE - V-12, 1500 HP PERKINS DIESEL.
– COOLING SYS - LIQUID COOLED.
– WEIGHT - 62.5 TONNES.
– POWER TO WT RATIO - 24 HP/TON.
• LEOPARD II (GERMANY).
– ENGINE - MTU MB 873 KA 4 STROKE, 12
CYLINDER EXHAUST
TURBOCHARGED
PRODUCING1500 HP AT 2600 RPM.
– COOLING SYS - WATER COOLED.
– WEIGHT - 62 TONNES.
– POWER TO WT RATIO - 24.19 HP/TON.
POWER PLANT OF LEADING AFVs

25. • T-90 (INDIA).
– ENGINE - 1000 HP
TURBOCHARGED DIESEL.
– COOLING SYS - WATER COOLED.
– WEIGHT - 46.5 TONNES.
– POWER TO WT RATIO - 21.5 HP/TON.
• T-80 UD (PAKISTAN).
– ENGINE - 1200 HP PETROL FUEL
TURBINE.
– COOLING SYS - LIQUID COOLED.
– WEIGHT - 51 TONNES.
– POWER TO WT RATIO - 21.7 HP/TON.

26. • MERKAVA (ISRAEL).
– ENGINE - 1500 HP DIESEL.
– COOLING SYS - LIQUID COOLED.
– WEIGHT - 65 TONNES.
– POWER TO WT RATIO - 18.5 HP/TON.
(THE POWER PACK IS CONTROLLED BY A CMPTR THAT ALSO
PROVIDES INFO TO THE DVRS DISPLAY).
• M1A2 ABRAMS (US).
– ENGINE - AGT 1500 HP.
– COOLING SYS - AIR COOLED.
– WEIGHT - 63 TONNES.
– POWER TO WT RATIO - 23.8 HP/TON.
• T-72M1 (INDIA).
– ENGINE - 780 HP SUPERCHARGED
DIESEL.
– COOLING SYS - WATER COOLED.
– WEIGHT - 41.5 TONNES.
– POWER TO WT RATIO - 19.02 HP/TON.

27. • LECLERC (FRANCE).
– ENGINE - 1500 HP HYPERBAR DIESEL.
– COOLING SYS - LIQUID COOLED.
– WEIGHT - 56.5 TONNES.
– POWER TO WT RATIO - 26.54 HP/TON.
THE ENGINE IS MANAGED BY AN ELECTRONIC SYSTEM SUPPLIED BY SAGEM WITH
THE CMPTR DETERMINING THE FUEL REQMTS, STARTING PROCEDURE SEQUENCE
AND MONITORING THE ENG
• ARJUN (INDIA).
– ENGINE - 10 CYLINDER 1400 HP DIESEL.
– COOLING SYS - LIQUID COOLED.
– WEIGHT - 58.5 TONNES.
– POWER TO WT RATIO - 24 HP/TON.
• AMX-40 (FRANCE).
– ENGINE - 1100 HP UNI DIESEL.
– COOLING SYS - WATER COOLED.
– WEIGHT - 43 TONNES.
– POWER TO WT RATIO - 25.58 HP/TON.

28. • VICKERS MK-7 (US).
– ENGINE - 1500 HP DIESEL.
– COOLING SYS - LIQUID COOLED.
– WEIGHT - 55 TONNES.
– POWER TO WT RATIO - 27.27 HP/TON.
• TYPE 74 (JAPAN).
– ENGINE - 750 HP MITSUBISHI 10
ZF DIESEL.
– COOLING SYS - AIR COOLED.
– WEIGHT - 37.4 TONNES.
– POWER TO WT RATIO - 20 HP/TON.
• AL – KHALID (PAKISTAN).
– ENGINE - 1200 HP SUPERCHARGED
DIESEL.
– COOLING SYS - WATER COOLED.
– WEIGHT - 48 TONNES.
– POWER TO WT RATIO - 25.08 HP/TON.

29. PHASE IV
FUTURE TRENDS
• FUTURISTIC REQMTS
– POWER TO WT RATIO OF 30 HP/TON.
– TREND IS TO SHIFT TOWARDS GAS TURBINE DUE
TO SPACE AND SIZE CONSTRAINTS.
– THE FUTURE OF DIESEL ENGINES AND GAS
TURBINES LIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF
CERAMIC MATERIALS WHICH WILL ENHANCE
SPECIFIC POWER AND REDUCE BRAKE SPECIFIC
FUEL CONSUMPTION.

30. – FUTURISTIC POWER PLANTS WILL BE EXPECTED TO
PROVIDE:-
• GROSS OUTPUT OF ABOUT 1200 KW (1600 HP).
• POWER DENSITY OF 1316 KW / M3.
• SPECIFIC WT OF 1.82 KG / KW.
• ENGINE VOLUME OF 0.85 TO 1.42 M3.
• ENGINE WT OF 990 – 2040 KG.
• BRAKE SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION OF 0.18 TO 0.19
KG / KWHR.
• RELIABILITY OF 5000 – 8000 MEAN KM BETWEEN
FAILURES, MEAN TIME BETWEEN FAILURES OF 300 –
500 H.
• MULTI FUEL CAPABILITY.
• ELECTRONIC POWER PLANTS AND BTY POWERED
VEHICLES.