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V BBM ‘B’ BUSINESS LAW  CLASS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Module I. BUSINESS LAWS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Law ,[object Object]
Definition of  Law  by Salmond ,[object Object],[object Object]
Object of law ,[object Object]
Need for the knowledge of law ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
BUSINESS LAWS ,[object Object]
Sources of Business Law ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Module: II Law of Contract ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
OBJECT OF LAW OF CONTRACT ,[object Object],[object Object]
‘ JUS IN REM ’   &  ‘ JUS IN PERSONAM ’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Definition of Contract ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CONTRACT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Definition of  Promise ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Consensus ad idem ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Obligation   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Obligation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Obligation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
All contracts are agreements, but all agreements are not necessarily contracts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ESSENTIALS OF A VALID CONTRACT : ,[object Object],[object Object]
ESSENTIALS OF A VALID CONTRACT : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ESSENTIALS OF A VALID CONTRACT : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ESSENTIALS OF A VALID CONTRACT : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ESSENTIALS OF A VALID CONTRACT : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ESSENTIALS OF A VALID CONTRACT : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ESSENTIALS OF A VALID CONTRACT : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ESSENTIALS OF A VALID CONTRACT : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ESSENTIALS OF A VALID CONTRACT : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Classification  of Contracts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1.Classification according to  ‘ Validity ’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Classification of Contract ……… ,[object Object],[object Object]
Classification of Contract ……… ,[object Object],[object Object]
Cont ’ d … .. ,[object Object],[object Object]
Cont ’ d … .. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cont ’ d … ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cont ’ d …… .. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2.Classification according to  ‘ Formation ’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cont ’ d …… . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contracts  ……… classified. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
III. Classification according to  ‘ Performance ’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
… .. Classification according to  ‘ Performance ’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CASE 1. ,[object Object],[object Object]
VERDICT OF CASE 1. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CASE 2. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
VERDICT OF CASE 2. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CASE 3. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
VERDICT OF CASE 3. ,[object Object]
CASE 4. ,[object Object],[object Object]
VERDICT OF CASE 4. ,[object Object]
CASE 5. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
VERDICT OF CASE 5. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CASE 6. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
VERDICT OF CASE 6. ,[object Object]
CASE 7. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
VERDICT OF CASE 7. ,[object Object]
OFFER & ACCEPTANCE ,[object Object]
Offer   [ Proposal ] ,[object Object],[object Object]
PROMISOR-PROMISEE  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How an offer is made ,[object Object],[object Object]
…… How an offer is made ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
‘ Specific ’  and  ‘ General ’  Offer … .. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What constitutes an offer … . … ,[object Object],[object Object]
What constitutes an offer … ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
LEGAL RULES AS TO  OFFER ,[object Object],[object Object]
…… LEGAL RULES AS TO  OFFER ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
…… LEGAL RULES AS TO  OFFER ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Legal rules as to offer …… .. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
………… ..6.A  statement of price is not an offer .     HARVEY  Vs. FACEY,[1893] ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Special Terms  of Contract ,[object Object]
Special Terms of Contract ,[object Object]
…… Special Terms of Contract ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example of  Special Terms of Contract ,[object Object],[object Object]
Example of  Special Terms of Contract ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Agreement to agree in future ,  is not a contract. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ACCEPTANCE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Acceptance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Acceptance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example of  ‘an  acceptance  of a  particular  offer’. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Acceptance of a general offer ,[object Object],[object Object]
Legal Rules as to Acceptance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
… ..Legal Rules as to Acceptance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1. It must be absolute and unconditional  i.e., it must conform with the offer. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
……… .1.It must be absolute and unconditional  i.e., it must conform with the offer . ,[object Object],[object Object]
……… .1.It must be absolute and unconditional  i.e.,  it must conform with the offer . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2.It must be communicated to the offeror ,[object Object],[object Object]
2.It must be communicated to the offeror  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2.It must be communicated to the offeror  ,[object Object]
3.It must  be according to the mode prescribed or usual and reasonable mode . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
4. It must be given within a reasonable time ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
5.It cannot precede an offer. ,[object Object],[object Object]
6.It must show an intention on the part of the acceptor to fulfill terms of the promise. ,[object Object]
7.Must be given by the party or parties to whom the offer is made. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
8.It must be given before the offer lapses or before the offer is withdrawn.
9.It cannot be implied from silence. ,[object Object]
Communication  of  Offer ,  Acceptance  and  Revocation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
When  is  communication  complete  [Sec.4]   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
When is communication complete[S.4] ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
When is communication complete … .. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
When is communication complete …… ,[object Object],[object Object]
Time for Revocation of Offer and Acceptance (Sec.5) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
OFFER AND ACCEPTANCE:PRACTICAL PROBLEMS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solution for Case.1 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Case 2. ,[object Object],[object Object]
Solution for Case.2 ,[object Object]
Case.3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solution for Case.3 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Case.4  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solution for Case.4 ,[object Object]
Case.5 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solution for Case.5 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Case.6 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solution for Case. 6 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CONSIDERATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Abdul Aziz  vs. Masum Ali(1914) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Kedarnath  vs.  Gauri Mohammad Calcutta [1886] ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Definition of Consideration [Section 2(d) of Indian Contract Act,1872] ,[object Object]
Analysis  of  Definition of Consideration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Need for Consideration ,[object Object]
Legal Rules  as to  Consideration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Legal Rules as to Consideration ……… . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Legal Rules as to Consideration ……… . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Legal Rules  as to Consideration ……… . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Legal Rules as to Consideration ……… . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Legal Rules as to Consideration ……… . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Legal Rules as to Consideration ……… . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Legal Rules as to Consideration ……… . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Legal Rules as to Consideration ……… . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Legal Rules as to Consideration ……… . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Legal Rules as to Consideration ……… . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Legal Rules as to Consideration ……… . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Legal Rules as to Consideration ……… . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Legal Rules as to Consideration ……… . ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
STRANGER TO CONTRACT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Two Consequences of the   “ Doctrine of Privity  of Contract ” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co.Ltd.  Vs.  Selfridge & Co.Ltd.,(1915) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Exceptions   to the rule   “ stranger to a contract cannot sue. ” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exceptions   to the rule   “ stranger to a contract cannot sue. ” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exceptions   to the rule   “ stranger to a contract cannot sue. ” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exceptions   to the rule   “stranger to a contract cannot sue.” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
“ No consideration,  no contract” -Exceptions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
“ No consideration,  no contract” -Exceptions ,[object Object],[object Object]
Examples: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nearness of relationship, however does not necessarily imply natural love and affection.  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
“ No consideration, no contract”. -Exceptions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
“ No consideration, no contract”. -Exceptions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A contract without consideration is void -Exceptions ,[object Object],[object Object]
A contract without consideration is void -Exceptions ,[object Object],[object Object]
A contract without consideration is void -Exceptions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Consideration: Practical Problems ,[object Object],[object Object]
Answer: Case.1 ,[object Object]
Case.2 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Case.2 ,[object Object]
Case.2 ,[object Object]
Case.2 ,[object Object]
Case.2 ,[object Object]
Answers to case.2 ,[object Object]
Case.3 ,[object Object]
Answer to Case.3 ,[object Object]
Case.4 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Answer to Case.4 ,[object Object]
Case.5 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Answer to Case.5 ,[object Object]
Case.6 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Answer to Case.6 ,[object Object]
CAPACITY  TO  CONTRACT [  COMPETENCY  OF  THE PARTIES  ] ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
… ..CAPACITY TO CONTRACT [COMPETENCY OF THE PARTIES] ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1.Minors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Minor’s Agreements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
..Minor’s Agreements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
..Minor’s Agreements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Minor’s Agreements ,[object Object],[object Object]
Minor’s Agreements ,[object Object],[object Object]
… Minor’s Agreements   5.He can always plead minority :  ,[object Object],[object Object]
Minor ’ s Agreements   …. 5.He can always plead minority :  ,[object Object]
… .Minor’s Agreements ,[object Object],[object Object]
…… .Minor ’ s Agreements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
… Minor’s Agreements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
… Minor’s Agreements ,[object Object],[object Object]
Minor’s Agreements ,[object Object]
Minor’s Agreements ,[object Object],[object Object]
Minor’s Liability for Necessaries of Life. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What are  necessaries  of life ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2.Persons of Unsound Mind. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Persons of Unsound Mind. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Persons of Unsound Mind ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contracts of Persons of Unsound Mind ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contracts of  Persons of Unsound Mind ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3. Other persons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3. Other persons ,[object Object],[object Object]
Foreign sovereigns, their diplomatic staff and accredited representatives of foreign states ,[object Object],[object Object]
CORPORATIONS [COMPANY] ,[object Object],[object Object]
INSOLVENTS & CONVICTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PRACTICAL PROBLEMS ,[object Object]
Answer to Case.1 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Case 2. ,[object Object]
Answer to Case.2 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Case .3 ,[object Object]
Answer to Case.3 ,[object Object]
Case.4 ,[object Object]
Answer to Case.4 ,[object Object]
Free Consent ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is Free Consent ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Coercion [Sec.15] ,[object Object],[object Object]
Examples of   Coercion  ,[object Object],[object Object]
… Examples of  Coercion  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Examples of   Coercion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Effect of Coercion ,[object Object],[object Object]
Threat to commit suicide-Does it amount to coercion? Chikham  Amiraju  vs. Seshamma (1917)  Madras HC . ,[object Object],[object Object]
Threat to commit suicide-Does it amount to coercion? [Purabi  Mukherjee vs. Basudev Mukherjee(1969)Calcutta] ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Duress ,[object Object],[object Object]
UNDUE INFLUENCE Section 16(1) ,[object Object],[object Object]
UNDUE INFLUENCE Section 16(1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Difference Between   Coercion  and  Undue Influence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Examples  of  UNDUE  INFLUENCE ,[object Object]
Examples  of  UNDUE  INFLUENCE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Examples of  UNDUE  INFLUENCE ,[object Object],[object Object]
Misrepresentation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
MISREPRESENTATION  &  FRAUD ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
MISREPRESENTATION ,[object Object]
Examples of  Misrepresentation ,[object Object]
Examples of  Misrepresentation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Requirements  of   MISREPRESENTATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Requirements  of   MISREPRESENTATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
FRAUD ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
……… .. FRAUD ,[object Object]
……… .. FRAUD ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ESSENTIAL  ELEMENTS   OF  FRAUD ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
………… ESSENTIAL  ELEMENTS   OF  FRAUD ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
………… ESSENTIAL  ELEMENTS   OF  FRAUD ,[object Object],[object Object]
………… ESSENTIAL  ELEMENTS   OF  FRAUD ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
………… ESSENTIAL  ELEMENTS   OF  FRAUD ,[object Object],[object Object]
Contracts not necessarily voidable -Exceptions. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
MISTAKE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
MISTAKE OF LAW Example of (1)  Mistake of law of  the country ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
MISTAKE OF LAW ……  (2)  Mistake of law of a foreign  country ,[object Object]
…………… . M I S T A K E  of  Fact ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bilateral Mistake ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
…… Bilateral Mistake ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
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Business Law Class Contents

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