How the Congressional Budget Office Assists Lawmakers
Brics Nation
1. BRIC NATIONS
BRAZIL, RUSSIA, CHINA AND INDIA FORM THE SO-CALLED
BRIC GROUP OF EMERGING POWERS.
THE TERM BRIC WAS COINED BY U.S. INVESTMENT BANK,
GOLDMAN SACHS, IN 2001.
BRIC HAS GAINED CLOUT ON THE GLOBAL STAGE IN THE
PAST DECADE AS THEIR ECONOMIES GREW FASTER
THAN THOSE OF THE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES.
IN 2008, BRIC ACCOUNTED FOR 22% OF WORLD
ECONOMY, UP FROM 16% A DECADE EARLIER.
2. BRAZIL
• SIZE 8.5 M SQ. KMS
• POPULATION 190 MILLION
• POVERTY (% OF POPULATION)
2001 46.7%
2008 30.3%
CHANGE 16.4%
AGRICULTURAL AND MINING POWERHOUSE.
EXPECTED TO BECOME MAJOR WORLD PLAYER IN WORLD
ENERGY MARKET, HAVING FOUND HUGE DEEP-SEA OIL RESERVES.
POVERTY (% OF POPULATION)
46.7
30.3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
2001
2008
3. RUSSIA
• SIZE 17M SQ. KMS
• POPULATION 143 MILLION
• POVERTY (% OF POPULATION)
2001 27.5%
2008 13.0%
CHANGE 14.5%
POVERTY (% OF POPULATION)
27.5
13
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2001
2008
WORLD’S SECOND LARGEST OIL EXPORTER, BUT FALL IN OIL
PRICES COULD TRIGGER WORST RECESSION IN AT LEAST A
DECADE, CONTRACTING GDP BY AN EXPECTED 6% IN 2009.
4. INDIA
• SIZE 3.3M SQ. KMS
• POPULATION 1100 MILLION
• POVERTY (% OF POPULATION)
2001 27.5%
2008 21.8.0%
CHANGE 5.7%
POVERTY (% OF POPULATION)
27.5
21.8
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2001
2008
VAST DOMESTIC MARKET PUTS IT ON THE TRACK FOR GROWTH
THIS YEAR. FACES POTENTIAL TROUBLE FROM DOMESTIC MILITANT
GROUPS AND A LONG RUNNING BORDER DISPUTE WITH PAKISTAN.
5. CHINA
• SIZE 9.6M SQ. KMS
• POPULATION 1300 MILLION
• POVERTY (% OF POPULATION)
2001 16%
2008 4%
CHANGE 12%
POVERTY (% OF POPULATION)
16
4
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2001
2008
A GLOBAL MANUFACTURING HUB, HELD $727 BILLION IN U.S.
TREASURIES AT YEAR-END 2008. ESTIMATED TWO-THIRDS OF
ITS ROUGHLY $2 TRILLION IN FOREIGN RESERVES PARKED IN
DOLLAR ASSETS.
6. Contrary to common
conceptions that
emerging markets
have fairly small,
illiquid and volatile
financial markets,
Brazil actually has a
larger market than
Australia.
On a purchasing
power parity basis,
Russia’s GDP is
larger than the
UK’s; China’s is
larger than Japan’s
and India’s is larger
than Germany’s.
With 4% growth, India
is. performing well not
just in textiles and cheap
electronics but in
shipbuilding, chemicals,
steel and
communications as well
The Chinese
automobile market
has already
surpassed the US
market, whereas
only 3 years ago, it
was at 50%.
Brazil Russia India China
7. INDIA –
WORLD’S
FIRST SOFT
SUPERPOWER
U.S. SECRETARY OF STATE, HILLARY CLINTON,
MADE THE FOLLOWING COMMENTS:
• “ I CONSIDER INDIA NOT JUST A REGIONAL POWER
BUT A GLOBAL POWER. ”
• “ INDIA IS POISED FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH AND
GLOBAL PEACE. IT IS POISED TO BECOME A MORE
POWERFUL NATION. ”
8. “W’ SHAPED RECESSION
THIS IS BASED ON THE FACT
THAT THE GOVERNMENTS WHO
HAVE PUMPED SO MUCH MONEY
INTO THEIR FINANCIAL SYSTEMS
CANNOT LAST LONG ENOUGH
TILL THE SIGNS OF ECONOMIC
RECOVERY AND THEIR TIMING
TO ADJUST THESE FISCAL
PACKAGES WITH THE ECONOMIC
RISE IS A TRICKY QUESTION FOR
THEM AS THE GLOBALISATION OF
MONEY AND ITS IMPACT AFFECTS
US ALL WORLDWIDE.
THE GREAT RECESSION
IS MOVING MORE
TOWARDS A “W” AND NOT
A “V” OR “U” SHAPE.
9. In ancient Greece (469 - 399 BC), Socrates
was widely lauded for his wisdom.
One day the great philosopher came upon an
acquaintance who ran up to him excitedly and
said, "Socrates, do you know what I just heard
about one of your students?"
Wait a moment," Socrates replied. "Before
you tell me I'd like you to pass a little test. It's
called the Triple Filter Test."
"Triple filter?“
"That's right," Socrates continued. "Before you talk to me about my student
let's take a moment to filter what you're going to say. The first filter is Truth.
Have you made absolutely sure that what you are about to tell me is true?“
"No," the man said, "actually I just heard about it and..."
Gossip Slide 1 of 2
10. Gossip Slide 2 of 2
"All right," said Socrates. "So you don't really know if it's true or not. Now let's
try the second filter, the filter of Goodness. Is what you are about to tell me
about my student something good?"
"No, on the contrary..."
"So," Socrates continued, "you want to tell me something bad about him, even
though you're not certain it's true?"
The man shrugged, a little embarrassed.
Socrates continued. "You may still pass the test though, because there is a
third filter - the filter of Usefulness. Is what you want to tell me about my student
going to be useful to me?"
"No, not really..."
"Well," concluded Socrates, "if what you want to tell me is neither True nor
Good nor even Useful, why tell it to me at all?" ….. This is the reason Socrates
was a great philosopher and held in such high esteem.