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- 1. Application of CRISPR cas9 in medical field Vishnu priya T. A 2015-11-117
- 2. Gene editing in human embryos • Developmental biologist Fredrik Lanner first researcher to modify the DNA of healthy human embryos. • to see how they regulate early embryonic development (Jelor Gallego, 2016- Karolinska Institute in Stockholm)
- 3. Gene editing in human embryos contd… specifically target genes crucial to normal embryonic growth • The tool utilizes two molecules that focus on your individual genes to make ultra-precise changes to your DNA. Infertility How to treat debilitating conditions Stem cells Miscarriages
- 4. improve IVF success rates and reduce miscarriages Genetically modified children – Designer babies Scope Risks Helps in treating person with diabetics, Parkinson & blindness
- 5. Gene editing in malarial mosquitoes • The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation- create a mosquito-killing technology -relies on CRISPR gene editing • The Gates-funded project, called Target Malaria • Technique- gene drive- is a way to spread traits through wild populations of animals- selfish genes • total investment to $75 million (Antonio Regalado , 2016-London)
- 6. • DNA of malaria mosquitoes altered - that would cause them to become sterile within about 11 generations—or in about one year • The plan is to disperse Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes harboring selfish genes • The gene drive could spread across a huge swath of territory, causing mosquitoes to disappear and blocking transmission of the parasite that causes malaria.
- 7. Risk Released in the wild- a gene drive could push other species to extinction. Other scope kill off invasive species, including rats, toads, or fish that take over ecosystems and can drive local species to extinction
- 8. Other risks… • Would removing mosquitoes upset ecosystems • Are we risking a genetic epidemic if the selfish DNA should jump the species barrier to affect other insects?
- 9. Gene-editing method shrinks cancer • Shenzhen University, China-Dr Weiren Huang, 2016 • Crispr-Cas9 replaces harmful DNA with new code that kills cancerous cells while leaving healthy ones unharmed • Mice with the reprogrammed code developed tumours that were much smaller than cancers in mice that did not get this treatment • Unclear yet whether the technique would work in humans.
- 10. Scope in Lung cancer treatment • T cells – immune cells in blood • T cell subset Treg cells T 17 Helper cells • Treg cells produce a protein PD- 1 which limits cell capacity to launch an immune system Healthy Human T Cell West China Hospital of Sichuan University Treg cells
- 11. • Doctors will extract T cells, and then knock out the gene that encodes the PD-1 protein using CRISPER cas9 The edited cells will be multiplied in the lab before being reintroduced to the patients Inject the modified cells back into the patient
- 12. Curing AIDS from CRISPR • UMass Medical School – to make the HIV completely harmless using CRISPR • a very precise pair of scissors to go in and clip out all, or part of, the HIV genome and reattach the severed ends of the human genome Wolfe, 2015
- 13. • they show that the system can protect cells from reinfection and that the technology is safe for the cells, with no toxic effects. • This would be a step on the road to getting a functional cure for HIV.”
Editor's Notes
- Whether creating GM crops or making animals disease-resistant, gene-editing has always faced harsh criticism One fear is how altering human DNA in embryos could recklessly create a fatal genetic disease that would exist for generations Despite this, one researcher is attempting the most controversial type of gene editing on earth. Developmental biologist Fredrik Lanner is the first researcher to ever modify the DNA of healthy human embryos. He is from stokhom.....and doing reasearch in editing genes in human embryos to see how they regulate early embryonic development. He’s specifically targeting genes crucial to normal embryonic growth to learn more about infertility, miscarriages, stem cells, and how to treat debilitating conditions. He is using the popular CRISPR-Cas9 editing method. The tool utilizes two molecules that focus on your individual genes to make ultra-precise changes to your DNA
- Cripr case editng tool modify the target gene specifically which are cruicial for normal embryonic frowth to learn more about CRISPR is short for “clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats.” to learn more about infertility, miscarriages, stem cells, and how to treat debilitating conditions.
- will use CRISPR to edit out key genes from the embryo, to try to identify the genetic faults which lead many women to repeatedly miscarry. The embryos will be allowed to develop for just a few days. If we can understand how these early cells are regulated in the actual embryo, this knowledge will help us in the future to treat patients with diabetes, or Parkinson, or different types of blindness and other diseases,
- to create a mosquito-killing technology that relies on CRISPR gene editing.
- the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in Washington, D.C., said gene drives were not yet ready for environmental release, but laid out steps that should be taken to test them safely, recommendations the Gates Foundation says it will follow.
- Scientists from china conducted an experiment on mice have used a gene-editing tool to stunt tumour growth in mice.
- tool into a method of treating genetic diseases that for the most part have no treatments today- eye disease, cancer, sickle-cell anemia, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, among others. Trial studies ar going in progress cells might also attack normal tissue, Mr. Lu said, this first phase of the trial aims to determine whether the approach is safe.
- Antiretroviral drugs are very good at cBut patients on antiretroviral therapy who stop taking the drugs suffer a rapid rebound in HIV replication."ontrolling HIV infection here’s still a lot more work to be done in getting this technique ready for something more advanced than human cells in a petri dish - particularly when it comes to perfect accuracy for the 'cutting' process - but it’s an exciting first step