FOR S. Y. B.PHARM

1. Introduction to Microbiology
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2. Definition:-
It is the study of living organisms of microscopicsize
which include bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa and
viruses.
This term is introduced by a French chemist i.e Louis
Pasteur
He is known as father of microbiology
Micro-organisms can only be seen by magnifying their
image with microscope
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3. Branches of Microbiology:-
Pure science
Bacteriology:- study of bacteria
Myology :- study of fungi
Protozoology :- study of protozoa
Algology :- study of algae
Parasitology:- study of parasites
Taxonomy :- study of classification
Genetics: Study of variations and Hereditary
Immunology : Study of mechanism in development of
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4. Applied Science:
a) Medical microbiology:
Study of causative agents of infectious disease
b) Pharmaceutical microbiology:
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Study of M. O. which is responsible for production of
antibiotics, enzymes, vitamins, vaccines and other
pharmaceutical products.
c) Industrial microbiology:
Study of M. O. which is responsible for production of
vitamins, amino acids, alcoholic beverages and other
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5. d) Microbial Biotechnology:
Study of scientific manipulation of living m. o. based on genetic
and molecular level
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e) Food microbiology:
Study of m. o. relation to food bioprocessing, food spoilage,
food born diseases and preservation of food product
f) Soil microbiology:
Study of microbial flora and interaction among soil m.o
g) Agricultural microbiology:
Study of m.o and relationship of m.o and crops
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6. h)Aquatic microbiology:
Study of m.o and their activities into fresh and marine water
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i)Air microbiology:
Study which deal with role of air in contamination and
spoilage of food and determination of plant and animal
through air
j) Epidemiology:
Study which deal with study of spreadable of disease in
community.
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7. Application and scope ofmicrobiology:
12 1)Production of antibiotic:
2/3rd of antibiotics are produced fromm.o.
Pharmaceutical / industrial microbiology concerned with
isolation of antibiotics producing m.o. from environment.
e.g: penicillin from penicillium species
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8. 2) Production of enzyme ,vaccine ,biosurfactants ,
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microbial cell converts raw material into valuable organic
compound.
Such as butanol, ethanol etc microbial cell produce intracellular
and extra cellular enzyme those are imp for pharmaceutical
fermentation
e.g: Amalyse and protease
Different types of biosurfactants are synthesized by no. of
m. o. e.g: Acinotobacter
3) Diagnosis of disease and treatment:
Different test are used to detect infectious m. o.
e.g: ELISA test and Widal test:
13 alcoholic and other pharmaceutical product: many

9. Antimicrobial suitability testing is mainly used for
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glycerol and amines.
Cynide is degraded by Streptomyces lavendulae.
14 selection of antibiotics for treatment of microbial infections.
4)Treatment of Industrial waste material:
Microbial species are used for decomposition of industrial
waste material and organic components.
e.g: actinomycetes, fungi
Anaerobic bacteria decomposes of organic matter by yielding
simple organic molecule such asacid, alcohol,

10. 6)Sterile product preparations:
./ It deals with the preparations of sterile rooms, aseptic
techniques, and detection of microbes by sampling and
testing of different sterile preparations.
7) Sterilization:
Different pharmaceutical products are sterilized by killing of m.o.
The process of killing of m.o is known as sterilization.
All the sterilization process may be validated by using
indicator.
A biological indicator preparation of m.o usually bacterial
spores.
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11. 8) Identification of M. O:
Two vital function of microbiology andbiotechnology are
enumeration and identification of m.o found in product and
Mfg environment.
9) Testing of Pharmaceuticals:
Raw material and finished product
Microbial assay of antibiotics
Evalution of disinfectant
Antimicrobial, preservative efficiency testing
Endotoxin testing
Test for support of the sterility assurance system
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