It is about compositing

1. UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL
SCIENCES RAICHUR
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE RAICHUR
ORGANIC PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
ELP 409 (0+10 )
PRESENTED BY
PUNIT PATIL
UG19AGR3315
PRESENTED TO
DR.BASAVANEPPA
DR.ANAND KAMBLE
DR.SHRIDHAR J N

2. COMPOSTING AND IT’S
METHODS

3. COMPOST
• A mass of rotted organic matter made from waste is
called compost.
• The compost made from farm waste like
sugarcanetrash, paddy straw, weeds and other plants
and otherwaste is called farm compost.
• The compost made from town refuses like night
soil,street sweepings and dustbin refuse is called
towncompost.
• Composting is essentially a microbiological
decomposition of organic residues collected from rural
area (rural compost) or urban area (urban compost).

4. AVERAGE NUTRIENT CONTENTS IN
FARM COMPOST AND URBAN
COMPOST

5. BENEFITS OF COMPOST
• Compost improves the quality of soil, and for this reason
it is considered as a soil conditioner.
• It contains a variety of the basic nutrients required for
healthy growth of plants.
• .In addition to, nitrogen, phosphorous,and potassium,
certain micronutrientsviz. manganese, copper, iron, and
zincalso found in compost which helpsthem to control
diseases and insects.
• Compost improves the structure and texture of the soil
enable them to retain nutrients, moisture, and air for the
betterment of growth of plants.

6. MECHANISM OF COMPOSTING

7. MICRO ORGANISMS INVOLVED IN
COMPOSTING

9. INDORE METHOD
• In the Indore method of composting, organic wastes
arespread in the cattle shed to serve as bedding.
• Urine soaked material along with dung is removed
every day and formed into a layer of about 15 cm
thick at suitable sites.
• Urine soaked earth, scraped from cattle sheds is
mixed with water and sprinkled over the layer of
wastes twice or thrice a day.

10. • Layering process continued for about a fortnight. A
thin layer of well decomposed compost is sprinkled
over top and the heap given a turning and reformed.
• Old compost acts as inoculum for decomposing the
material.
• The heap is left undisturbed for about a month. Then
it is thoroughly moistened and given a turning. The
compost is ready for application in another month.

12. SIZE OF THE PIT
Breadth 6-8 feet
Length 10 feet or more
Depth 2-3 feet
RAW MATERIALS
PLANT RESIDUES
GRASS
WOOD ASHES
ANIMAL DUNG
WATER
URINE SOAKED MUD
TURNINGS
1ST Turning 10 – 15 days after filling the pits
2nd turning 15 days after 1st filling
3rd turning after 2 months of 2nd turning

13. BANGALORE METHOD
• In the Bangalore method of composting, dry waste
material of 25 cm thick is spread in a pit and a thick
suspension of cow dung in water is sprinkled over
formoistening.
• A thin layer of dry waste is laid over the moistened layer.
• The pit is filled alternately with dry layers of material and
cow dung suspension till it rises 0.5 m above ground
level.
• It is left exposed without covering for 15 days. It is given
a turning, plastered with wet mud and left undisturbed for
about 5 months or till required.

14. • This method saves labour cost because there is no
need of turning and regular sprinkling of water.
•SIZE OF THE PIT
• Composting is done in
• A) trenches of 30’*6’*3’
• B) pits of 20’*6’*3’

16. METHOD OF FILLING THE PITS
• Spread the moist farm refuse at the bottom of the pit
up to one inch.
• Then, spread two inch of cattle dung and urinated
mud followed by 1 or 2 inch layer of soil
• This heap is made up to 1.5-2.0 feet above the
ground level following above process.
• Finally the heap is covered with 1 inch thick mud.
• After 8-9 months all material decomposes and
compost becomes ready for the application.

17. NADEP METHOD
• This method facilitates a lot of composting through minimum
use of cattle dung.
• In this method, the decomposition process takes place
aerobically.
• SIZE OF PIT
• The tank should be 10’*6’*3’ in size and are prepared with 9
inch thick wall.
• Proper blocks and holes of 7 inches should be left on all the
four side of the tank wall for the circulation of air.
• Plastering of inner wall and floor of the tank should be done
by mixture of dung and mud.

18. • Slurry made of cow dung and water should be sprinkled
on the floor and the walls of tank. The filling of tank
follows these steps:
• First layer : Plant residues are spread evenly in layer up
to 6 inches (10-100 Kg) in tank.
• Second layer : 4-5 Kg Cattle dung of gobber gas- slurry
in 125 to 150 litres of water should be apply on the first
layer.
• Third layer : 50 – 60 kg soil added on the second layer of
tank.

20. COIMBATORE METHOD
• In Coimbatore method, composting is done in pits of different
sizes depending on the waste material available.
• A layer of waste materials is first laid in the pit.
• It is moistened with a suspension of 5-10 kg cow dung in 2.5
to 5.0 of water and 0.5 to 1.0 kg fine bone meal sprinkled over
it uniformly.
• Similar layers are laid one over the other till the material rises
0.75 m above the ground level. It is finally plastered with wet
mud and left undisturbed for 8 to 10 weeks.
• Plaster is then removed, material moistened with water, given
a turning and made into a rectangular heap under shade. It is
left undisturbed till its use.

22. VERMICOMPOST
• Vermicomposting is a process that relies on earthworms
and microorganisms to help stabilize active organic
materials and convert them to a valuable soil
amendment and source of plant nutrients.
• Earthworms will consume most organic materials,
including food preparation residuals and leftov scrap
paper, animal manure, agricultural crop residues, organic
byproducts from industries, yard trimmings.

23. SUITABLE SPECIES OF EARTHWORMS
• Eisenia foetida
• Lumbricus rubellus
• Eudrilus eugeniae
• Perionyx excavatus
• Eisenia andrei
• Dendrobaena hortensis