1. In general interest groups are strongest when they are concerned .docx
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1. In general interest groups are strongest when they are concerned with what kind of issues: a.religious b.foreign policy c.social d.economic e.personal 2. An individual who gains benefits from an interest group without putting any effort into the group is known as: a.politicians b.free traders c.free enterprisers d.free riders e.bureaucrats 3. Organizations set up by interest groups to raise and contribute money to campaigns in an attempt to elect or defeat candidates for public office are known as: a.political action committees b.political parties c.national committees d.credential committees e.focus committees 4. The individuals who represent interest groups before government and attempt to influence decision makers are known as: a. political consultants b. lobbyists c. opinion leaders d. solicitor general e. policy makers .
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What are the functions of public affairs committee.pdf
In the dynamic landscape of modern business, effective corporate communication serves as a cornerstone for organizational success. For more Information Read this article and Get Insights
Chapter 11 interest groups
This document discusses interest groups and their role in influencing government. It defines interest groups as collections of people who share common interests and seek to influence policy. Interest groups engage in tactics like lobbying to achieve their goals. Examples are given of different types of interest groups, such as single-issue groups, as well as tactics they use like litigation. Problems that can arise with interest groups are also outlined, such as the disproportionate influence of some groups. Key terms related to interest groups and their activities are defined.
1. Ambition must be made to counteract ambition is most closely lin
1. Ambition must be made to counteract ambition is most closely linked to
a. pluralism b. elitism c. socialism d. pacifism
2. An example of an interest group which pursues its goals primarily through litigation is the
a. ACLU b. American Tobacco Institute c. AARP d. Veterans of Foreign Wars
3. One criticism of the pluralistic viewpoint of interest groups is that the theory is
a. elitist
b. amoral
c. focuses on overall public interest
d. None of the above
4. C. Wright Mills believed that if pluralism exists, it
a. consists entirely of political interest groups
b. really consists of competing groups of elites
c. involves the masses
d. involves predominantly blue-collar workers
5. According to David Truman, a moderating influence on interest group politics is
a. socialization
b. multiple/overlapping memberships
c. potential interest groups
d. All of the above
6. Which of the following roles do interest groups fulfill?
a. Supplement Congressional representation
b. Initiate ideas
c. Perform a watchdog function
d. All of the above
7. Interest groups differ from political parties in that
a. interest groups promote their goals by running candidates for elected office
b. interest groups seek direct control of the government
c. interest groups seek responsibility for the management of government
d. interest groups seek to influence government rather than nominating candidates for
office
8. Which of the following is considered an “economic” interest group?
a. Sierra Club
b. American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO)
c. National Right to Life Committee
d. Public Citizen
9. Which of the following is considered a “single-issue” interest group?
a. Sierra Club
b. American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO)
c. National Right to Life Committee
d. Public Citizen
10. Which of the following is considered a “citizen” interest group?
a. American Medical Association
b. National Beer Wholesalers Association
c. National Right to Life Committee
d. Public Citizen
11. “Climate control” is the label applied to interest group tactics which
a. use public outreach to build favorable public opinion of the organization or company
b. seek to personally persuade political leaders to support the group’s position
c. provide financial aid or other forms of support for favored office seekers
d. are more commonly known as peaceful protests
12. The practice of organizing citizens to exert direct pressure on public officials in support of
an interest group’s policy preferences is known as
a. grassroots mobilization
b. grass tops mobilization
c. Astroturf lobbying
d. coalition formation
13. Which of the following organizations spent the most money lobbying government during
the last 15 years?
a. U.S. Chamber of Commerce b. AT&T c. General Motors d. AA ...
Interest Groups
This document provides information about interest groups and their role in democracy. It discusses key topics like what interest groups are, why people join them, how they influence government, and debates around whether they are good for democracy. The document uses clicker questions to engage readers on issues like whether all interests should be able to organize, what helps groups be powerful, and which strategies groups use like lobbying or mobilizing the public.
Interest group
This document provides an outline and details of Chapter 10 on Interest Groups. It discusses what interest groups are, characteristics of effective interest groups, and an evaluation of interest groups. Interest groups represent various segments of society and try to influence government policy outside of elections. Effective interest groups have significant money, membership, access to lawmakers, and focus on single issues. While interest groups are part of democracy, they may disproportionately represent well-organized, wealthy interests over public interests and smaller, less powerful groups.
04 - Interest Groups
This document discusses interest groups and their role in American democracy. It defines interest groups as organizations that work to influence government policies and programs on issues that are important to their members. While interest groups can promote political participation and representation, not all interests are equally represented. The document also describes different types of interest groups, how they attract members, and the strategies they use to influence government, such as lobbying elected officials directly or mobilizing public support for their issues.
Teacher Lecture: Interest Groups
Interest groups are collections of individuals who share views on public policy issues and work to shape policy in their favor. They provide a way for citizens to influence government and have their voices heard. Interest groups lobby at all levels of government to advance their policy positions. While they can provide useful information and stimulate debate, some critics argue that large, well-funded groups may drown out others and push policies that do not benefit the public overall. The illegal activities of lobbyist Jack Abramoff also showed how some groups try to exert influence through improper means like bribery. There is an ongoing debate around whether interest groups overall help or harm democracy.
P gs
Pressure groups, also known as interest groups, play a vital role in a liberal democracy by representing different interests in society and seeking to influence government policy through various methods like lobbying, protests, and public campaigns. While pressure groups can promote pluralism and political participation, some argue they may disproportionately benefit insider groups and business interests or distort the free market and overburden government. The overall impact of pressure groups on democracy is debated, as they can both promote representation but also introduce inequalities and inefficiencies into the political process.
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Chapter 11 interest groups
This document discusses interest groups and their role in influencing government. It defines interest groups as collections of people who share common interests and seek to influence policy. Interest groups engage in tactics like lobbying to achieve their goals. Examples are given of different types of interest groups, such as single-issue groups, as well as tactics they use like litigation. Problems that can arise with interest groups are also outlined, such as the disproportionate influence of some groups. Key terms related to interest groups and their activities are defined.
1. Ambition must be made to counteract ambition is most closely lin
1. Ambition must be made to counteract ambition is most closely linked to
a. pluralism b. elitism c. socialism d. pacifism
2. An example of an interest group which pursues its goals primarily through litigation is the
a. ACLU b. American Tobacco Institute c. AARP d. Veterans of Foreign Wars
3. One criticism of the pluralistic viewpoint of interest groups is that the theory is
a. elitist
b. amoral
c. focuses on overall public interest
d. None of the above
4. C. Wright Mills believed that if pluralism exists, it
a. consists entirely of political interest groups
b. really consists of competing groups of elites
c. involves the masses
d. involves predominantly blue-collar workers
5. According to David Truman, a moderating influence on interest group politics is
a. socialization
b. multiple/overlapping memberships
c. potential interest groups
d. All of the above
6. Which of the following roles do interest groups fulfill?
a. Supplement Congressional representation
b. Initiate ideas
c. Perform a watchdog function
d. All of the above
7. Interest groups differ from political parties in that
a. interest groups promote their goals by running candidates for elected office
b. interest groups seek direct control of the government
c. interest groups seek responsibility for the management of government
d. interest groups seek to influence government rather than nominating candidates for
office
8. Which of the following is considered an “economic” interest group?
a. Sierra Club
b. American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO)
c. National Right to Life Committee
d. Public Citizen
9. Which of the following is considered a “single-issue” interest group?
a. Sierra Club
b. American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO)
c. National Right to Life Committee
d. Public Citizen
10. Which of the following is considered a “citizen” interest group?
a. American Medical Association
b. National Beer Wholesalers Association
c. National Right to Life Committee
d. Public Citizen
11. “Climate control” is the label applied to interest group tactics which
a. use public outreach to build favorable public opinion of the organization or company
b. seek to personally persuade political leaders to support the group’s position
c. provide financial aid or other forms of support for favored office seekers
d. are more commonly known as peaceful protests
12. The practice of organizing citizens to exert direct pressure on public officials in support of
an interest group’s policy preferences is known as
a. grassroots mobilization
b. grass tops mobilization
c. Astroturf lobbying
d. coalition formation
13. Which of the following organizations spent the most money lobbying government during
the last 15 years?
a. U.S. Chamber of Commerce b. AT&T c. General Motors d. AA ...
Interest Groups
This document provides information about interest groups and their role in democracy. It discusses key topics like what interest groups are, why people join them, how they influence government, and debates around whether they are good for democracy. The document uses clicker questions to engage readers on issues like whether all interests should be able to organize, what helps groups be powerful, and which strategies groups use like lobbying or mobilizing the public.
Interest group
This document provides an outline and details of Chapter 10 on Interest Groups. It discusses what interest groups are, characteristics of effective interest groups, and an evaluation of interest groups. Interest groups represent various segments of society and try to influence government policy outside of elections. Effective interest groups have significant money, membership, access to lawmakers, and focus on single issues. While interest groups are part of democracy, they may disproportionately represent well-organized, wealthy interests over public interests and smaller, less powerful groups.
04 - Interest Groups
This document discusses interest groups and their role in American democracy. It defines interest groups as organizations that work to influence government policies and programs on issues that are important to their members. While interest groups can promote political participation and representation, not all interests are equally represented. The document also describes different types of interest groups, how they attract members, and the strategies they use to influence government, such as lobbying elected officials directly or mobilizing public support for their issues.
Teacher Lecture: Interest Groups
Interest groups are collections of individuals who share views on public policy issues and work to shape policy in their favor. They provide a way for citizens to influence government and have their voices heard. Interest groups lobby at all levels of government to advance their policy positions. While they can provide useful information and stimulate debate, some critics argue that large, well-funded groups may drown out others and push policies that do not benefit the public overall. The illegal activities of lobbyist Jack Abramoff also showed how some groups try to exert influence through improper means like bribery. There is an ongoing debate around whether interest groups overall help or harm democracy.
P gs
Pressure groups, also known as interest groups, play a vital role in a liberal democracy by representing different interests in society and seeking to influence government policy through various methods like lobbying, protests, and public campaigns. While pressure groups can promote pluralism and political participation, some argue they may disproportionately benefit insider groups and business interests or distort the free market and overburden government. The overall impact of pressure groups on democracy is debated, as they can both promote representation but also introduce inequalities and inefficiencies into the political process.
Page 1Question part one OutlineInterest Groups and Public Poli.docx
Page 1
Question part one Outline
Interest Groups and Public Policy
1. Definition of an interest group: (a) Collection of people; (b) that share a common interest, cause, agenda or goal; (c) that has organized itself to pursue a public policy objective; (d) in the political arena.
2. Major categories of interest groups: (a) economic – largest, most varied, and most important; (b) single issue – focus on one issue, not economic; (c) ideological – has political agenda; (d) public interest – public concerns; (e) foreign policy – foreign nations and American citizens who identify with a foreign nation; (f) Governmental – employees and institutions; (g) social – groups that have social identity.
3. Americans, a nation of joiners; existence of many citizen interests; freedom to organize and act on behalf of interests basic to a democratic system of government.
4. Interest groups are actively engaged at every level of government: federal, state, local.
5. Unique aspects of the structure of the American political and economic system impact the work and efforts of interest groups: (a)Federalism: creates decentralization of power and encourages interest group formation and activity by providing numerous points of access within national and state government. (b) Separation of powers: with no concentration of government power interest groups can enter the policy making process at different points of access – congressional committees, executive branch agencies, levels of the judiciary. (C) Political andeconomic culture: we encourage individual rights, free speech, freedom to politically organize, respect for private property, capitalism, the free marketplace, the work ethic, etc. All these factors create a culture that promotes the efforts of interest groups to be politically involved and attempt to limit government intervention in the economy. (d) Checks and balances: Gives interests groups multiple opportunities to work within various institutions of the political arena. (e) Media: TV, Radio, Social media, Internet: contributes to promoting interest group activity (membership, information exchange, donations). (f) Diminished role of political parties: Offers interest groups an opportunity to play a greater in the political environment.
6. Factions: Founding fathers feared divisive factions: interest groups and political parties. Founders believed that interest groups and political parties would promote interests “adverse” to the “aggregate” concerns of the general public.
7. Critical view of the role of interest groups: (a) makes it difficult to govern effectively or fairly as they create inequalities and ineffectual governance. (b) Public policy has become a private bargaining relationship between government officials and interest groups. (.
Interest articulation presentation
This document discusses interest articulation and citizen participation through interest groups. It defines interest articulation as expressing dissatisfaction to encourage government action on local and national needs. Citizens can participate through voting, informal groups, contacting officials, protests, and interest groups. Interest groups represent shared interests and advocate on their members' behalf. The document outlines pluralist, democratic corporatist, and controlled models of interest group systems and their different structures. It also discusses how interest groups access policymakers through legitimate and coercive channels to influence public policy.
1. Today, there are many vocal special interest groups, prominent l.docx
1. Today, there are many vocal special interest groups, prominent lobbying groups, and prominent political contributors who encourage elected policy makers to develop policies for the benefit of the special interest group. Do you think that today’s policy makers truly represent the general public, or do they actually represent special interest groups and the elite population? Why, or why not?
2. Interest groups become heavily involved in public debates that eventually evolve into established policy. Should policy commitments be derived solely from these groups? What other parties should be involved?
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Please keep them number. Please keep them #. Only 250 Words per question. Discussion Board
.
Chapt 12 interest groups
Interest groups represent different interests in society and seek to influence the policy process through both insider tactics like lobbying and litigation, and outsider tactics that influence elections and media. They serve representation, participation, and information functions, but some argue they primarily benefit wealthy special interests. Pluralists see competition between groups as moderating and improving policy, while critics argue it distorts outcomes away from the public good. The influence of iron triangles of agencies, committees, and groups has also been questioned as potentially undermining democracy.
Political Parties
Political parties are groups that organize to nominate candidates, win elections, govern, and determine policies. The two major US political parties are Democrats and Republicans. Political parties recruit candidates, dispense patronage to reward loyalty, and educate the public about issues. Third parties challenge the two major parties by promoting new ideas, but face difficulties getting on ballots nationwide and raising money like the major parties.
Political Parties
Political parties are groups that organize to nominate candidates, win elections, govern, and determine policies. The two major US political parties are Democrats and Republicans. Political parties recruit candidates, dispense patronage to reward loyalty, and educate the public about issues. Third parties challenge the two major parties by promoting new ideas, but face difficulties getting on ballots nationwide and raising as much money for campaigns.
Interest groups and public opinion
Interest groups are organizations that share common goals and organize to influence government policy on issues important to their members. They spend significant money and effort lobbying government officials to support beneficial bills and policies. Unlike political parties, interest groups focus on a few specific issues rather than taking ideological stances and trying to gain a wide range of members. They use methods like letter writing campaigns, media outreach, and political donations to inform the public and officials about their issues and sway decisions.
Interest groups
This document discusses interest groups and how they influence public policy. It defines interest groups as private organizations that try to persuade public officials to adopt policies that benefit their members. Interest groups are one way Americans influence government and a hallmark of American pluralism, as they represent many competing interests. The document outlines different types of interest groups and how they use propaganda techniques, public opinion, and lobbying of officials to achieve their policy goals.
Slide 5 WestCal Political Science 1 - US Government 2015-2016
American Leadership Policy Studies (ALPS) is a for-college credit certificate program that teaches the fundamentals of American government. ALPS includes a custom tailored Political Science 1 – US Government course taught in partnership with accredited colleges to assure students receive college credit. The class is taught from the perspective of industry professionals who work in local/state/federal bureaucracies and/or political/union campaigns. This course program may operate at the site of a partnering college or instructor of record who licenses ALPS course materials from WestCal Academy or at WestCal Academy’s main campus in partnership with an accredited college. WestCal Academy
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1. America’s Democratic Republic
2. Partisanship & Political Profiling
3. Party Competition
4. America’s Two Party System
5. Power Of The Vote
6. Power Of Money In The Political System
7. Elections As Symbolic
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9. Political Campaign Rhetoric
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15. Messages & Manipulation
16. Elitism Take On Communication
17. Pluralism Take On Communication
HSA Review: Unit Three
There are two main types of political groups: political parties which seek to gain power by winning elections, and interest groups which lobby the government to support their specific causes. The major political parties in the US are the Democrats and Republicans, with the Democrats generally favoring an expanded government role and more social programs, while Republicans favor lower taxes and a smaller government role. Third parties rarely win elections due to the winner-take-all electoral system and lack of funding compared to the major parties. The media influences both government and public opinions, and candidates use media like TV ads to persuade voters, requiring significant fundraising. Polls are the best way to measure shifting public opinion, which candidates closely track. Campaigns involve organizing, strategizing,
Chapter 9 presentation
The document discusses the roles and influence of interest groups in the US political system. It defines interest groups as collections of people who work to shape public policy to their benefit on issues they share views on. Interest groups try to influence policymaking and public opinion through both direct lobbying of government officials and indirect grassroots efforts. They employ tactics like contributing to political campaigns, conducting propaganda, and mobilizing their members to contact elected representatives.
Explain the political doc 11.docx
The political and religious views of individuals play significant roles in shaping their motivations and behaviors.
Political Views: Political views encompass a range of ideologies, including conservatism, liberalism, socialism, libertarianism, and others. These views reflect individuals’ perspectives on the distribution of power, governance, economic systems, social justice, and individual rights. Political beliefs can have a profound impact on motivations in several ways:
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b. Activism and Social Movements: Strong political views can drive individuals to participate in activism and social movements. Motivations may stem from a sense of injustice, a commitment to a cause, or a desire to effect change in society.
c. Political Engagement: Political views can inspire individuals to become politically engaged, including joining political parties, running for office, or participating in electoral campaigns. Motivations may include a desire to shape public policy, represent their community, or advance their ideological agenda.
d. Policy Analysis and Research: Political views can motivate individuals to engage in policy analysis and research. Motivations may arise from a desire to understand the impact of policies, develop evidence-based solutions, or contribute to informed public discourse.
Religious Views: Religious beliefs and practices encompass diverse traditions, such as Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and many others. Religious views provide individuals with a moral and ethical framework and influence their motivations in various ways:
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CSR
Civil society organizations (CSOs) were developed to represent social values outside of the market and state sectors. There are two main types of CSOs - promotional groups that represent common attitudes open to all, and sectional groups that represent exclusive member interests. CSOs are stakeholders for businesses because they can raise awareness of problems, help set priorities, and inform future visions. While companies don't have to listen to every CSO, managers benefit from considering alternative perspectives. CSOs use tactics like research, protests, and boycotts to gain attention, though direct violent actions are difficult to condone.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document defines and describes different types of pressure groups and how they operate. It discusses sectional/interest groups that promote the interests of their members, and promotional/issue groups that promote a particular cause. Pressure groups aim to influence policy through lobbying, publicity campaigns, and demonstrations. Their success depends on factors like resources, organization, public support, and access to politicians. The document also distinguishes between insider groups that are regularly consulted by government, and outsider groups that must use other methods to influence policy from outside formal decision-making processes.
Interest groups
The document discusses interest groups and how they influence public officials and policy in the United States. It defines interest groups as private organizations that try to persuade public officials to respond to their members' needs. While political parties concern themselves with winning elections and a wide range of issues, interest groups focus on influencing specific policies. The document outlines the various ways interest groups try to shape public opinion and lobbying efforts, such as using propaganda techniques and grassroots campaigns, in order to ultimately impact legislation and policy outcomes. A wide variety of interest groups exist in the US across economic sectors, religions, and causes.
Interest groups
This document discusses interest groups, which are organizations that attempt to influence government decision-making. It notes that interest groups can help address issues like collective action problems. There are different types of interest groups, including economic groups, public interest groups, and think tanks. Lobbyists represent interest groups to government officials. Political action committees raise money to influence elections. Recent Supreme Court rulings have increased the role of money in politics. Interest groups engage in both insider lobbying of Congress as well as outsider efforts to shape public opinion. There is a debate around the representational inequalities and influence that interest groups, especially those with greater resources, may wield.
Political Science 1 - Introduction To Political Science - Power Point #6
Political Science 1 - Introduction To Political Science - Spring 2013 - Power Point Presentation #6 - © 2013 Tabakian, Inc.
Chapter 9Learning Objectives1. Identify various types of orga.docx
Chapter 9:
Learning Objectives
1. Identify various types of organized interests and distinguish interest groups from political parties.
2. Describe strategies used by interest groups to influence the political process.
3. Assess the organizational problems facing interest groups and the factors contributing to their success.
4. List some of the most powerful interest groups and explain their purposes and strategies.
5. Evaluate the costs and benefits of interest group activity for American democracy.
Introduction
Whereas political parties mainly exist to support campaigns and win elections, interest groups seek to directly influence government policy. Interest groups play an important role in extending the practice of democracy by linking citizens and citizen groups to their government in a more permanent fashion than do periodic elections. Interest groups may educate voters and public officials on the issues, support candidates in their campaigns, and litigate in the courts, among other functions. But the relationship of interest groups to democracy is neither simple nor consistently beneficial. Interest groups may also pursue specific objectives harmful to society’s larger interests. This lesson explores the range of interest group activity in the American political system and evaluates the impact of interest groups on policy and, more generally, the democratic process.
Study Questions
1. How do interest groups differ from political parties?
2. Why do interest groups form?
3. Define the following:
a. The collective action problem
b. Free riders
4. Why are some groups more successful in mobilizing their potential membership than others?
5. Define the following types of interest groups and give at least one example of each, including:
a. Public interest groups
b. Economic interest groups
c. Government groups
d. Single-issue vs. Multi-issue
e. Political Action Committees
f. Ideological
6. What is the difference between a "public" and a "special" interest? Is the dividing line usually clear? Give an example.
7. What kind of individuals are more likely to be represented in interest groups?
8. What strategies do interest groups use to achieve their goals? Discuss the following:
a. Lobbying
b. Grass-roots organization (vs. "astro-turfing")
c. Public relations
d. PACs and political contributions
e. Advertisements
f. Demonstrations
9. How do lobbyists practice their trade? What legal constraints have been placed on lobbying?
10. Explain some of the problems associated with interest group participation in the policy-making process. To what phenomena do the following phrases refer?
a. Iron triangles
b. The revolving door
c. Capture theory of regulation
11. The number of lobbyists working in Washington, DC has more than doubled in the last eight years. Many believe that the influence of lobbyists has proven seriously corrosive to democratic principles. Do you agree?
12. What is the theory known as pluralism?
13. Contrast pluralism with the elitist unde.
Interest Groups
Presentation developed for a series of lectures on interest groups for PS 101 American Government at the University of Kentucky, Spring 2007. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Instructor.
Pressure groups
Pressure groups aim to influence government policy through lobbying and propaganda. They represent organized groups focused on a shared issue or interest. Pressure groups' power depends on factors like wealth, size, and strong leadership. They can exert influence through ministers, parliament, political parties, and by shaping public opinion. While pressure groups can promote democracy through wider participation, they also potentially threaten democracy if their influence becomes disproportionate or not transparent.
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1. Primary sources
2. Secondary sources
3. La Malinche
4. Bacon’s rebellion
5. Robert Carter III
6. Mesoamerica
7. Middle Passage
8. Indentured servitude
9. The Jefferson-Hemings Controversy
10. Triangular trade
11. Saint Dominique Revolt
12. Syncretism
13. Olaudah Equiano
14. Christopher Columbus
15. Columbian Moment
16. Hernan Cortes
17. Florentine Codex
18. Master Narrative of American History
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23. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
24. Niños Heroes (Heroic Children)
25. Antonio López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón
26. The Royal Africa Company
27. John Locke
28. St. Patrick’s Battalion
29. Chilam Balam
30. Popol Vuh
31. El requerimiento (The Requirement)
32. Manifest Destiny
33. Moses and Stephen F. Austin
34. Colonialism
35. Colonial Legacy
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Page 1Question part one OutlineInterest Groups and Public Poli.docx
Page 1
Question part one Outline
Interest Groups and Public Policy
1. Definition of an interest group: (a) Collection of people; (b) that share a common interest, cause, agenda or goal; (c) that has organized itself to pursue a public policy objective; (d) in the political arena.
2. Major categories of interest groups: (a) economic – largest, most varied, and most important; (b) single issue – focus on one issue, not economic; (c) ideological – has political agenda; (d) public interest – public concerns; (e) foreign policy – foreign nations and American citizens who identify with a foreign nation; (f) Governmental – employees and institutions; (g) social – groups that have social identity.
3. Americans, a nation of joiners; existence of many citizen interests; freedom to organize and act on behalf of interests basic to a democratic system of government.
4. Interest groups are actively engaged at every level of government: federal, state, local.
5. Unique aspects of the structure of the American political and economic system impact the work and efforts of interest groups: (a)Federalism: creates decentralization of power and encourages interest group formation and activity by providing numerous points of access within national and state government. (b) Separation of powers: with no concentration of government power interest groups can enter the policy making process at different points of access – congressional committees, executive branch agencies, levels of the judiciary. (C) Political andeconomic culture: we encourage individual rights, free speech, freedom to politically organize, respect for private property, capitalism, the free marketplace, the work ethic, etc. All these factors create a culture that promotes the efforts of interest groups to be politically involved and attempt to limit government intervention in the economy. (d) Checks and balances: Gives interests groups multiple opportunities to work within various institutions of the political arena. (e) Media: TV, Radio, Social media, Internet: contributes to promoting interest group activity (membership, information exchange, donations). (f) Diminished role of political parties: Offers interest groups an opportunity to play a greater in the political environment.
6. Factions: Founding fathers feared divisive factions: interest groups and political parties. Founders believed that interest groups and political parties would promote interests “adverse” to the “aggregate” concerns of the general public.
7. Critical view of the role of interest groups: (a) makes it difficult to govern effectively or fairly as they create inequalities and ineffectual governance. (b) Public policy has become a private bargaining relationship between government officials and interest groups. (.
Interest articulation presentation
This document discusses interest articulation and citizen participation through interest groups. It defines interest articulation as expressing dissatisfaction to encourage government action on local and national needs. Citizens can participate through voting, informal groups, contacting officials, protests, and interest groups. Interest groups represent shared interests and advocate on their members' behalf. The document outlines pluralist, democratic corporatist, and controlled models of interest group systems and their different structures. It also discusses how interest groups access policymakers through legitimate and coercive channels to influence public policy.
1. Today, there are many vocal special interest groups, prominent l.docx
1. Today, there are many vocal special interest groups, prominent lobbying groups, and prominent political contributors who encourage elected policy makers to develop policies for the benefit of the special interest group. Do you think that today’s policy makers truly represent the general public, or do they actually represent special interest groups and the elite population? Why, or why not?
2. Interest groups become heavily involved in public debates that eventually evolve into established policy. Should policy commitments be derived solely from these groups? What other parties should be involved?
3. Political party sides often seem sincere in their convictions and conclusions for the reality of climate change but catastrophic consequences may loom in our generation. What should drive environmental solutions, political parties or the science that focuses on the reality of the problem?
Please keep them number. Please keep them #. Only 250 Words per question. Discussion Board
.
Chapt 12 interest groups
Interest groups represent different interests in society and seek to influence the policy process through both insider tactics like lobbying and litigation, and outsider tactics that influence elections and media. They serve representation, participation, and information functions, but some argue they primarily benefit wealthy special interests. Pluralists see competition between groups as moderating and improving policy, while critics argue it distorts outcomes away from the public good. The influence of iron triangles of agencies, committees, and groups has also been questioned as potentially undermining democracy.
Political Parties
Political parties are groups that organize to nominate candidates, win elections, govern, and determine policies. The two major US political parties are Democrats and Republicans. Political parties recruit candidates, dispense patronage to reward loyalty, and educate the public about issues. Third parties challenge the two major parties by promoting new ideas, but face difficulties getting on ballots nationwide and raising money like the major parties.
Political Parties
Political parties are groups that organize to nominate candidates, win elections, govern, and determine policies. The two major US political parties are Democrats and Republicans. Political parties recruit candidates, dispense patronage to reward loyalty, and educate the public about issues. Third parties challenge the two major parties by promoting new ideas, but face difficulties getting on ballots nationwide and raising as much money for campaigns.
Interest groups and public opinion
Interest groups are organizations that share common goals and organize to influence government policy on issues important to their members. They spend significant money and effort lobbying government officials to support beneficial bills and policies. Unlike political parties, interest groups focus on a few specific issues rather than taking ideological stances and trying to gain a wide range of members. They use methods like letter writing campaigns, media outreach, and political donations to inform the public and officials about their issues and sway decisions.
Interest groups
This document discusses interest groups and how they influence public policy. It defines interest groups as private organizations that try to persuade public officials to adopt policies that benefit their members. Interest groups are one way Americans influence government and a hallmark of American pluralism, as they represent many competing interests. The document outlines different types of interest groups and how they use propaganda techniques, public opinion, and lobbying of officials to achieve their policy goals.
Slide 5 WestCal Political Science 1 - US Government 2015-2016
American Leadership Policy Studies (ALPS) is a for-college credit certificate program that teaches the fundamentals of American government. ALPS includes a custom tailored Political Science 1 – US Government course taught in partnership with accredited colleges to assure students receive college credit. The class is taught from the perspective of industry professionals who work in local/state/federal bureaucracies and/or political/union campaigns. This course program may operate at the site of a partnering college or instructor of record who licenses ALPS course materials from WestCal Academy or at WestCal Academy’s main campus in partnership with an accredited college. WestCal Academy
This slide covers the following:
1. America’s Democratic Republic
2. Partisanship & Political Profiling
3. Party Competition
4. America’s Two Party System
5. Power Of The Vote
6. Power Of Money In The Political System
7. Elections As Symbolic
8. Candidate Image
9. Political Campaign Rhetoric
10. Interest Groups Protecting Elite Values
11. Lobbyists And The Power They Possess
12. Political Action Committees (PACs)
13. Invisible Hand: Capitalism & Democracy
14. Elite To Mass Communication
15. Messages & Manipulation
16. Elitism Take On Communication
17. Pluralism Take On Communication
HSA Review: Unit Three
There are two main types of political groups: political parties which seek to gain power by winning elections, and interest groups which lobby the government to support their specific causes. The major political parties in the US are the Democrats and Republicans, with the Democrats generally favoring an expanded government role and more social programs, while Republicans favor lower taxes and a smaller government role. Third parties rarely win elections due to the winner-take-all electoral system and lack of funding compared to the major parties. The media influences both government and public opinions, and candidates use media like TV ads to persuade voters, requiring significant fundraising. Polls are the best way to measure shifting public opinion, which candidates closely track. Campaigns involve organizing, strategizing,
Chapter 9 presentation
The document discusses the roles and influence of interest groups in the US political system. It defines interest groups as collections of people who work to shape public policy to their benefit on issues they share views on. Interest groups try to influence policymaking and public opinion through both direct lobbying of government officials and indirect grassroots efforts. They employ tactics like contributing to political campaigns, conducting propaganda, and mobilizing their members to contact elected representatives.
Explain the political doc 11.docx
The political and religious views of individuals play significant roles in shaping their motivations and behaviors.
Political Views: Political views encompass a range of ideologies, including conservatism, liberalism, socialism, libertarianism, and others. These views reflect individuals’ perspectives on the distribution of power, governance, economic systems, social justice, and individual rights. Political beliefs can have a profound impact on motivations in several ways:
a. Policy Advocacy: Political views motivate individuals to advocate for specific policies or reforms that align with their ideology. Motivations may arise from a desire to promote equality, protect individual freedoms, ensure social welfare, or support economic growth.
b. Activism and Social Movements: Strong political views can drive individuals to participate in activism and social movements. Motivations may stem from a sense of injustice, a commitment to a cause, or a desire to effect change in society.
c. Political Engagement: Political views can inspire individuals to become politically engaged, including joining political parties, running for office, or participating in electoral campaigns. Motivations may include a desire to shape public policy, represent their community, or advance their ideological agenda.
d. Policy Analysis and Research: Political views can motivate individuals to engage in policy analysis and research. Motivations may arise from a desire to understand the impact of policies, develop evidence-based solutions, or contribute to informed public discourse.
Religious Views: Religious beliefs and practices encompass diverse traditions, such as Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and many others. Religious views provide individuals with a moral and ethical framework and influence their motivations in various ways:
a. Moral Guidance: Religious views often provide moral guidance, shaping individuals’ motivations by defining what is right and wrong, promoting virtues, and encouraging altruistic behavior. Motivations may arise from a desire to fulfill religious duties, seek spiritual growth, or gain divine approval.
b. Community and Fellowship: Religious beliefs often foster a sense of community and fellowship. Motivations may include a desire to support and connect with fellow believers, participate in religious rituals, and contribute to the welfare of the community.
CSR
Civil society organizations (CSOs) were developed to represent social values outside of the market and state sectors. There are two main types of CSOs - promotional groups that represent common attitudes open to all, and sectional groups that represent exclusive member interests. CSOs are stakeholders for businesses because they can raise awareness of problems, help set priorities, and inform future visions. While companies don't have to listen to every CSO, managers benefit from considering alternative perspectives. CSOs use tactics like research, protests, and boycotts to gain attention, though direct violent actions are difficult to condone.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document defines and describes different types of pressure groups and how they operate. It discusses sectional/interest groups that promote the interests of their members, and promotional/issue groups that promote a particular cause. Pressure groups aim to influence policy through lobbying, publicity campaigns, and demonstrations. Their success depends on factors like resources, organization, public support, and access to politicians. The document also distinguishes between insider groups that are regularly consulted by government, and outsider groups that must use other methods to influence policy from outside formal decision-making processes.
Interest groups
The document discusses interest groups and how they influence public officials and policy in the United States. It defines interest groups as private organizations that try to persuade public officials to respond to their members' needs. While political parties concern themselves with winning elections and a wide range of issues, interest groups focus on influencing specific policies. The document outlines the various ways interest groups try to shape public opinion and lobbying efforts, such as using propaganda techniques and grassroots campaigns, in order to ultimately impact legislation and policy outcomes. A wide variety of interest groups exist in the US across economic sectors, religions, and causes.
Interest groups
This document discusses interest groups, which are organizations that attempt to influence government decision-making. It notes that interest groups can help address issues like collective action problems. There are different types of interest groups, including economic groups, public interest groups, and think tanks. Lobbyists represent interest groups to government officials. Political action committees raise money to influence elections. Recent Supreme Court rulings have increased the role of money in politics. Interest groups engage in both insider lobbying of Congress as well as outsider efforts to shape public opinion. There is a debate around the representational inequalities and influence that interest groups, especially those with greater resources, may wield.
Political Science 1 - Introduction To Political Science - Power Point #6
Political Science 1 - Introduction To Political Science - Spring 2013 - Power Point Presentation #6 - © 2013 Tabakian, Inc.
Chapter 9Learning Objectives1. Identify various types of orga.docx
Chapter 9:
Learning Objectives
1. Identify various types of organized interests and distinguish interest groups from political parties.
2. Describe strategies used by interest groups to influence the political process.
3. Assess the organizational problems facing interest groups and the factors contributing to their success.
4. List some of the most powerful interest groups and explain their purposes and strategies.
5. Evaluate the costs and benefits of interest group activity for American democracy.
Introduction
Whereas political parties mainly exist to support campaigns and win elections, interest groups seek to directly influence government policy. Interest groups play an important role in extending the practice of democracy by linking citizens and citizen groups to their government in a more permanent fashion than do periodic elections. Interest groups may educate voters and public officials on the issues, support candidates in their campaigns, and litigate in the courts, among other functions. But the relationship of interest groups to democracy is neither simple nor consistently beneficial. Interest groups may also pursue specific objectives harmful to society’s larger interests. This lesson explores the range of interest group activity in the American political system and evaluates the impact of interest groups on policy and, more generally, the democratic process.
Study Questions
1. How do interest groups differ from political parties?
2. Why do interest groups form?
3. Define the following:
a. The collective action problem
b. Free riders
4. Why are some groups more successful in mobilizing their potential membership than others?
5. Define the following types of interest groups and give at least one example of each, including:
a. Public interest groups
b. Economic interest groups
c. Government groups
d. Single-issue vs. Multi-issue
e. Political Action Committees
f. Ideological
6. What is the difference between a "public" and a "special" interest? Is the dividing line usually clear? Give an example.
7. What kind of individuals are more likely to be represented in interest groups?
8. What strategies do interest groups use to achieve their goals? Discuss the following:
a. Lobbying
b. Grass-roots organization (vs. "astro-turfing")
c. Public relations
d. PACs and political contributions
e. Advertisements
f. Demonstrations
9. How do lobbyists practice their trade? What legal constraints have been placed on lobbying?
10. Explain some of the problems associated with interest group participation in the policy-making process. To what phenomena do the following phrases refer?
a. Iron triangles
b. The revolving door
c. Capture theory of regulation
11. The number of lobbyists working in Washington, DC has more than doubled in the last eight years. Many believe that the influence of lobbyists has proven seriously corrosive to democratic principles. Do you agree?
12. What is the theory known as pluralism?
13. Contrast pluralism with the elitist unde.
Interest Groups
Presentation developed for a series of lectures on interest groups for PS 101 American Government at the University of Kentucky, Spring 2007. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Instructor.
Pressure groups
Pressure groups aim to influence government policy through lobbying and propaganda. They represent organized groups focused on a shared issue or interest. Pressure groups' power depends on factors like wealth, size, and strong leadership. They can exert influence through ministers, parliament, political parties, and by shaping public opinion. While pressure groups can promote democracy through wider participation, they also potentially threaten democracy if their influence becomes disproportionate or not transparent.
Similar to 1. In general interest groups are strongest when they are concerned .docx (20)
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Page 1Question part one OutlineInterest Groups and Public Poli.docx
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1. Today, there are many vocal special interest groups, prominent l.docx
Slide 5 WestCal Political Science 1 - US Government 2015-2016
Slide 5 WestCal Political Science 1 - US Government 2015-2016
Political Science 1 - Introduction To Political Science - Power Point #6
Political Science 1 - Introduction To Political Science - Power Point #6
Chapter 9Learning Objectives1. Identify various types of orga.docx
Chapter 9Learning Objectives1. Identify various types of orga.docx
More from vannagoforth
1. Primary sources2. Secondary sources3. La Malinche4. Bacon’s.docx
1. Primary sources
2. Secondary sources
3. La Malinche
4. Bacon’s rebellion
5. Robert Carter III
6. Mesoamerica
7. Middle Passage
8. Indentured servitude
9. The Jefferson-Hemings Controversy
10. Triangular trade
11. Saint Dominique Revolt
12. Syncretism
13. Olaudah Equiano
14. Christopher Columbus
15. Columbian Moment
16. Hernan Cortes
17. Florentine Codex
18. Master Narrative of American History
19. Reconquista
20. The Paradox of Slavery
21. Indian Removal Act 1830
22. Trail of Tears
23. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
24. Niños Heroes (Heroic Children)
25. Antonio López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón
26. The Royal Africa Company
27. John Locke
28. St. Patrick’s Battalion
29. Chilam Balam
30. Popol Vuh
31. El requerimiento (The Requirement)
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1. Prepare an outline, an introduction, and a summary.docx
The document instructs the reader to prepare a 4 page double spaced report on an attached article, including an outline, introduction, and summary, and to prepare 4 PowerPoint slides summarizing the report.
1. Normative moral philosophy typically focuses on the determining t.docx
According to Aristotle, virtues are traits of character that are good for a person to have and that are developed through habitual actions over time. Acting virtuously leads to morally correct actions. The document discusses Aristotle's view of virtue ethics and how it differs from normative moral philosophy by focusing on the character of the moral agent rather than just determining the right action. It asks how virtue ethics would analyze two different medical ethical dilemmas.
1. Paper should be 5-pages min. + 1 page works cited2. Should have.docx
1. Paper should be 5-pages min. + 1 page works cited
2. Should have at least 10 annotated sources (copy article onto word, highlight main point, write a few sentences about how it'll help you in writing the paper at the bottom of page)
3
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SAMPLE OUTLINE
Research Paper Outline
Title: Rebellious Libya
Thesis: The United States should not get involved with Libya’s conflicts.
I.
Introduction:
A.
Start with the question, what is war? Explain briefly.
B.
Talk about the wars of the United States.
C.
What were the outcomes of some of those wars?
II.
Narration:
A.
Give some background on Libya.
B.
Explain how Col. Muammar Gaddafi became the leader of Libya
C.
Talk about why the citizens of Libya want to overthrow Gaddafi.
D.
Explain why the people feel that the United States should get involved in Libya’s conflicts.
III.
Partition:
A.
Thesis: I believe that the United States should not get involve with Libya’s conflicts.
B.
Essay Map.
1.
Cost of war.
2.
Using money in other Departments other defense.
3.
Killing innocent civilians and soldiers.
4.
Helping unknown rebels
5.
Involvement of foreign wars
IV.
Arguments:
A.
The cost of war is rising by the minute. The Obama Administration proposed a budget of $553 billion dollars for the department.
B.
Instead of spending all that money on war, we should be investing that money on health care and education.
C.
This conflict has caused the lives of many innocent civilians. NATO openly admitted to have killed innocent civilians, due to misguidance.
D.
The rebels fighting against Gaddafi are in need of military supplies. I don’t think that it is a good idea to help unknown rebels. We helped the Afghanistan rebels when they were fighting Russia. After they were victorious, they later became the “Taliban” and used those weapons to attack the US.
E.
Getting involved in foreign wars is not a good idea. The US has been involved in many foreign wars lately. These wars have been in foreign countries where Islam is the prominent religion. Libya is one of these countries. The involvement of the US in these places, builds a bad reputation worldwide and among the Muslim community.
V.
Refutation:
A.
Gaddafi’s actions against the civilians of Libya are totally wrong. Killing your own people is bad and therefore, we should help the rebels overthrow him.
B.
Gaddafi has been in power for many years. In fact, he holds the record for most years in power in a single country. This type of power can potentially lead to corruption and mistreatment of civilians.
C.
The people of Libya deserve to have democracy. They should have the right to elect their own leader.
D.
If Al Qaeda is threatening NATO and Libyan mercenaries then we should help them fight terrorism.
VI.
Conclusion:
A.
Summarize my arguments.
B.
State why we should not get involve with Libya’s conf.
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1. Name and describe the three steps of the 'looking-glass self'.
2. List and describe the three stages in George Mead's model of human development.
3. Piaget developed a four-stage process to explain how children develop reasoning skills. List each and give an example of one of the stages.
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2. Honduras, El Salvador and Panama. Research the political and economic situation of these countries and write about their peculiar circumstances.
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4. Colombia and Ecuador. Research about the truths and myths about this two countries and write about your impressions on these stereotypes.
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You can consider these five following principles for your Discussion. What do these issues mean? How do you think they matter?
Adequacy Equity Exportability Neutrality Simplicity
What other tax revenue systems could you consider? How do you think they would be better or worse?
2. What role do taxes play in political issues?
3. What is your opinion of a flat tax as some politicians have proposed?
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2. Explain the difference between and authoritarian regime and a totalitarian regime.
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followowed exactly whats written here.
PS: please dont waste my time if you will do a messy assigment, just dont send me a msg.
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2. What is the difference between basic sociology and applied sociology?
3. List and describe the eight steps of the scientific research model.
4. Discuss the importance of ethics in social research. Define what is meant by ethics.
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1. Members of one species cannot successfully interbreed and produc.docx
1. Members of one species cannot successfully interbreed and produce fertile offspring with members of other species. This idea is known as
a. reproductive success.
b. punctuated evolution.
c. adaptive radiation.
d. the biological species concept.
e. geographic isolation.
2. The origin of new species, the extinction of species, and the evolution of major new features of living things are all changes that result from
a. macroevolution.
b. fitness.
c. speciation.
d. the biological species concept.
e. convergent evolution.
3. Which is a barrier that can contribute to reproductive isolation?
a. timing
b. behavior
c. habitat
d. incompatible reproductive structures
e. all of the above
4. Which of the following statements is false?
a. Horses and donkeys are separate species.
b. Two mules can mate and produce fertile offspring.
c. A horse and a donkey can mate and produce offspring.
d. Two donkeys can mate and produce fertile offspring.
e. Two horses can mate and produce fertile offspring.
5. The evolution of the penguin’s wing from a wing suited for flying to a “flipper-wing” used for swimming is an example of
a. refinement of existing adaptations.
b. reproductive isolation.
c. adaptation of existing structures to new functions.
d. inheritance of acquired characteristics.
e. the biological species concept.
6. Which of the following have been preserved as fossils?
a. dinosaur footprints
b. insects preserved in amber
c. petrified plant remains
d. animal bones
e. all of the above
7. The mass extinctions that included the dinosaurs took place during which period?
a. Cambrian (543–510 million years ago)
b. Devonian (409–363 million years ago)
c. Carboniferous (363–290 million years ago)
d. Jurassic (206–144 million years ago)
e. Cretaceous (144–65 million years ago)
8. The development of the complex, camera-like eye of a mammal is an example of
a. refinement of existing adaptations.
b. reproductive isolation.
c. adaptation of existing structures to new functions.
d. inheritance of acquired characteristics.
e. the biological species concept.
9. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Carbon-14 dating is useful for studying the age of early dinosaur fossils.
b. Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5,730 years.
c. Uranium-238 has a very short half-life.
d. Uranium-238 is present in all organisms.
e. Carbon-12 is not found in living plants.
10. Which of the following provides the best explanation for why Australia has so many organisms unique to that continent?
a. punctuated equilibrium
b. the biological species concept
c. convergent evolution
d. continental drift
e. cladistics
11. Scientists think that a meteor that fell in ____________________ may have led to the extinction of the dinosaurs.
a. Australia
b. the Yucatán peninsula
c. The Galápagos Islands
d. Pangaea
e. India
12. The great diversit.
1. Of the three chemical bonds discussed in class, which of them is .docx
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2.Carbohydrates are very important sources of energy for life. Plants and arthropods also use carbohydrates as components of structures that are very important for their existence. Provide the names of the two most important carbohydrate based structures (one for plants and one for arthropods) and the carbohydrate components that are used to form them.
3._____________ _____________ are joined by ______________ bonds to form proteins.
4.Proteins can be used for several functions. Provide examples of structural and metabolic functions of proteins.
5.Describe the phosholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. Why is this bilayer important for the formation of cells and the sequestration of chemical reactions within the cell?
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2. Look at your diagrams for fluorine and chlorine. What do they have in common?
Picture is in the link. Put answers on the word document and re-submit
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1. Name the following molecules2. Sketch the following molecules.docx
1. Name the following molecules:
2. Sketch the following molecules:
3-cyclohexenone
4-ethyl 2,2,5-trimethyl 3-hexanone
ethyl butyrate
pentanoic acid
2-chloro 4-methyl 2,5-heptadienal
3,4-dichloro 4-ethyl octanal
p-chloro phenol
3-bromo 2-chloro 4-methyl hexane
3-cyclopropyl 1,2-cyclopentanediol
methyl phenyl ether
3,5-dimethyl 2-heptene-4,5-diol
3. Give two different uses for ethanol.
4. Name two categories of organic compounds (alkanes, aldehydes…) that have very strong characteristic odours.
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1. List the horizontal and vertical levels of systems that exist in organizations.
2.
Describe at least five steps involved in systems integration
3.
What is the role of ERP systems in system integration?
4. Why do you think functional silos are not appropriate for today's organization? Discuss your answer from organizational and technical perspectives.
5. Pick an organization that you know of or where you are/were working and provide examples of logical and physical integration issues that were faced by the organization when they broke the functional silos and moved to integrated systems.
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1. If we consider a gallon of gas as having 100 units of energy, and 25 of those units are used to move the car, what law of thermodynamics accounts for the other 75 units of energy? (Points : 2)
the first law
the second law
2. Which of these is not a component of a molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)? (Points : 3)
adenosine
phosphate
deoxyribose sugar
ribose sugar
3. Glycolysis is a sequence of ______ chemical reactions. (Points : 3)
nine
six
five
ten
4. Exergonic reactions produce products with a ___ energy level than that of the initial reactants. (Points : 3)
lower
higher
the same
5. When chemical X is reduced, which of these expressions would be an accurate representation of its reduced state? (Points : 3)
XO
XH
X
HX
6. Most enzymes are which kind of organic compound? (Points : 3)
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
none of the above
7. The area on an enzyme where the substrate attaches is called the: (Points : 3)
active site
allosteric site
anabolic site
inactive site
8. Which of the following creatures would not be an autotroph? (Points : 3)
cactus
cyanobacteria
fish
palm tree
9. The process by which most of the world's autotrophs make their food is known as: (Points : 3)
glycolysis
photosynthesis
chemosynthesis
herbivory
10. Plants are the only organisms that use ATP for the transfer and storage of energy. (Points : 2)
True
False
11. The colors of light in the visible range (from longest wavelength to shortest) are: (Points : 3)
ROYGBIV
VIBGYOR
GRBIYV
ROYROGERS
12. Chlorophyll is a green pigment because it absorbs only the green part of the visible light spectrum. (Points : 2)
True
False
13. The photosynthetic pigment that is essential for the process to occur is: (Points : 3)
chlorophyll a
chlorophyll b
beta carotene
xanthocyanin
14. A photosystem is: (Points : 3)
a collection of hydrogen-pumping proteins
a series of electron-accepting proteins arranged in the thylakoid membrane
a collection of photosynthetic pigments arranged in a thylakoid membrane
found only in prokaryotic organisms
15. Which of these molecules is NOT a product of the Electron Transport System? (Points : 3)
ATP
Water
Pyruvate
NAD+
16. The dark reactions require all of these chemicals to proceed except: (Points : 3)
ATP
NADPH
carbon dioxide
oxygen
17. The structural unit of photosynthesis, where the photosystems are located, are called: (Points : 3)
chlorophylls
eukaryotes
stroma
thylakoids
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NADPH converts to NADP
ADP converts to ATP
ATP converts to ADP
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aerobic respiration
anaerobic respiration
chemiosmosis
photosynthesis
20. The first stable chemical formed by the Calvin Cycle is: (Points :.
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