1. Evolution from manufacturing
to operation management
• Industrial revolution
• Scientific management
• Human relation movement
• Operation research
• Computer revolution
• Globalization
• Supply chain management
• Electronic commerce
• Service revolution

2. Evolution of the Factory system
• Factory system is a working arrangement .
• The term factory generally refers to a large establishment
employing many people involved in mass production of
industrial or consumer goods.
• In 17th century is year of industrial revolution there are
various new technology was come and need to development
of factory system.
• 1913 In USA ‘Ford motors’ change in assembly line techniques
use modern development of factory system .
• ‘Automation’ concept few people operating factory with the
help of new machine.

3. Evolution of manufacturing system
• Find new solution for increases productivity .
• Automation with large volume product but in large variety.
• 20th century manufacturing system were pushed another level
of development. with high level of productivity , good quality,
rapid capability to change production according to market
needs.
• Evolution of flexible automation manufacturing system . like
industrial robots .they reduce technical mistakes .
• In 1952 ‘cincinnati hidrotel company ‘ made it & used it for
transfer and handling , without human operator.

4. Evolution of quality
inspection to total quality
• Early stage production increases but quality of product
inspected by any unskilled inspector.
• But there are various problems occurred
Technical problems, lack of specialization, lack of training,
conflict with production workers , negligence to increase output.
• Need of separate inspection department with ‘chief
inspector’.
• Heavy work load and lack of standards, training, and no
accuracy in measuring equipment .
• Evolution of quality controlled department.
• 1920-1950 there are various statically theory began to
effective quality control.

5. Evolution of quality
inspection to total quality
• Firstly ‘shewhart’ sketch Morden quality control then its
theory was developed by Deming , Dodge and today
comprise the theory of ‘statistical process control ‘(SPC)
• 1969 first international conference on quality control
sponsored by japan, America Europe. and in Early 1980
there is concept of ‘total quality management.’

6. Evolution of mass customization
• Mass Customization was firstly identified in book “future
shock” by Tofter , later described by in book ‘future
perfect ‘ by Davis .
• The use of mass customization is to improved mass
production. And better customer knowledge to
improved their business on large scale.
• Customization is based on the observation that there is a
customer interest in products and performance . its
coming within the reach of many consumer. At same time
there have been massive development of technology,
production control , flexible manufacturing .

7. Evolution of mass customization
• The customization is evolved in 3 generation
• First generation :- its combination of the strategies of a profit
taker and rebid for increase operational efficiency with focus on
the business to business
• Second generation:- under it they again compared with
strategies of a profit taker and vehicles for increase operational
efficiency. But expanding of consumer market this time they
focus on offering customization but not provides sustainable
value for there consumer.
• Third generation :- overcome the problem of last generation
and it show elements of strategies profit taker, vehicle for
learning and path to mass producer.