This document discusses the evolution and terminology of single incision laparoscopic surgery (LESS). It describes how LESS progressed from traditional "open" and multi-port laparoscopic surgery. In 2008, experts standardized the term "Laparo-Endoscopic Single-Site Surgery" (LESS) to describe this technique. LESS has potential benefits for patients including less pain, shorter hospitalization and recovery times, fewer complications and smaller scars compared to traditional surgery. Urological procedures have comprised over half of published research on LESS.