Sub-surface Fertilizer Placement in Ohio
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Subsurface Placement - Opportunities And Considerations - Trey Colley, from the 2018 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, March 6 - 7, Ada, OH, USA. More presentations at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZBwPfKdlk4SB63zZy16kyA
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Sub-surface Fertilizer Placement in Ohio
- 1. 1 Sub-surface Fertilizer Placement Opportunities and Considerations for Ohio Adoption
- 2. 2 Trey Colley Graduate Research Assistant Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering Originally from AL. Passion for ag technologies, data, profitability. Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering About me:
- 3. 3 Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering Did you place any nutrients subsurface in 2017? a) Yes b) No
- 6. 6 Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering Which method of water loss has greater nutrient concentrations? a) Overland Runoff b) Sub-surface Drainage
- 7. 7 Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering Modes of Action for Nutrient Losses 1. Overland Runoff 1. Exposed Particles 2. Stratified Soil Erosion 2. Sub-surface Drainage 1. Macropore Movement 2. Drainage Overland Higher P concentrations Sub-surface Higher total loads (Pease et al., 2018)
- 9. 9 Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering 1. Overland Runoff • Particles • Stratification • Placing MAP below the soil surface reduced losses by 98% (Smith et al., 2016)
- 10. 10 Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering 1. Overland Runoff • Particles • Stratification 0-2 in 6-8 in 2-6 in *Percent of total sample P Core Depth (inches) 57% 29% 14%
- 11. 11 Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering Sub-surface Movement (Williams et al., 2017) Macropores Drainage (Lindsay Pease, USDA-ARS)
- 12. 12 Nutrient Management Practices Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering
- 13. 13 Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering Sub-surface Opportunities • Spread, incorporate • Planter applied • Coulter systems • Sub-surface Placement Equipment
- 14. 14 Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering 1. Meeting Fertility Needs 2. Assess opportunities for input reduction 3. Environmental Impact Sub-surface Strategy
- 15. 15 Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering Sub-surface Placement Profitability Minimize Variability Optimal Placement Environment 1. Equipment Options 2. Tool Selection 3. Seed environment 4. Implementation
- 16. 16 Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering 1. Ground Engaging Implement Precise Placement 2. Fertilizer Applicator Accurate Metering Accurate Distribution Sub-surface Equipment Set-up 1 2
- 17. 17 C. High Speed with Injection 15% or less disturbance B. Zone Mixing with Fertilizer Injection A. Deep Rip and Placement 40% or less disturbance 1. Ground Engaging Implement – Surface Tillage Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering
- 18. 18 C. High Speed with Injection B. Zone Mixing with Fertilizer Injection A. Deep Rip and Placement 1. Ground Engaging Implement – Sub-surface Disturbance Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering
- 19. 19 Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering Which equipment style is most suitable for use on your farm today? a) Deep Rip and Placement b) Zone Mixing c) Injection Placement d) Broadcast and Incorporate
- 20. 20 Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering Sub-surface Placement Opportunities 0-5”4-8” 2-4”
- 21. 21 2. Fertilizer Applicator - Source Dry AnhydrousLiquid (precisiontillage.com)(www.premierag.com) Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering
- 22. 22 2. Fertilizer Applicator - Metering • Variable-Rate • Dual Product • Section Control Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering
- 23. 23 2. Fertilizer Applicator - Distribution 1. Accurate Rate 2. Accurate Blend 3. Row-by-row variations Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering
- 24. 24 2. Fertilizer Applicator - Distribution 1. Accurate Rate 2. Accurate Blend 3. Row-by-row variations 14 10 9 8 8 9 10 14 (Linear ft) Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering
- 25. 25 Target Rate: 150 lb/ac 100 125 150 175 200 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ObservedApplicationRate(lb/ac) Row Number Average Potash Application (lb/ac) 150 lb/ac Target Rate 2. Fertilizer Applicator - Distribution 1. Accurate Rate 2. Accurate Blend 3. Row-by-row variations Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering
- 26. 26 Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering Seed Environment 1. Optimize Nutrient Uptake 2. Improve Planter Performance 3. Reduce Soil Compaction
- 27. 27 Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering Planting Depth Seedbed Preparation – Case Study No-Till 8” Strip-Till
- 28. 28 Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering • Placement that benefits early growth, strong roots • In some instances, yield increases have been shown 1. Nutrient Uptake 8 in 6 in V5 P
- 29. 29 Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering • Ride Quality • Optimal Emergence • Downforce control helps 2. Planter Performance
- 30. 30 Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering 3. Compaction Management
- 31. 31 Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering What are the biggest barriers to sub- surface adoption on your farm? a) Time b) Equipment Limitations c) Added cost of application d) Other
- 32. 32 Implementation • Time • Field capacity • Equipment limitations • Increased application cost Field Operations 1. Till 2. Fertilize 3. Incorporate 4. Plant 5. Manage 6. Harvest 1. Sub-surface placement 2. Plant 3. Manage 4. Harvest
- 33. 33 Take-a-ways • Sub-surface equipment getting more popular • Many tools available, not all suitable for your farm • Opportunities for implementation today • Many innovations to come
- 34. 34 Thanks! Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering
- 35. 35 Questions? Trey Colley Ohio State Precision Ag Program (205) 213-8519 Colley.65@osu.edu Follow along: Twitter: @OhioStatePA Facebook: @OhiostatePA
Editor's Notes
- We know we have some issues, how can we as producers make a difference? Lot’s of finger pointing that goes around.
- Note the sediment losses
- Removes the potential for particles to be washed off – 98% reduction in DRP at agricultural outlets Stratification – highly concentrated soils moved off site
- Removes the potential for particles to be washed off – 98% reduction in DRP at agricultural outlets Stratification – highly concentrated soils moved off site
- Removes the potential for particles to be washed off – 98% reduction in DRP at agricultural outlets
- Stratification – highly concentrated soils moved off site
- Mean dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentration for the broadcast, inject, and till treatments Installed lysimeter under a 1 m2 square of soil to test the effect of sub-surface placement on drainage quality Also, traditional drainage through soil profile – least concentrated of the drainages
- Spreader applications in long-term no till can build stratified soils
- Till Fertilize Plant Spray Harvest
- Make sub-surface work for your farm. Consider your current nutrient plan, see how you can work it in. Why are you interested in sub-surface application?
- Sub-surface is difficult to implement: takes patience, and an all-in approach
- Have some degree of customization Determines final placement, not only influence on placement put primary driver in how fert is distributed. Ensures that right rate/blend arrives at the opening on implement – Rate Distribution – rate/placement
- Precision nutrient management.
- Rate checks, important to understand that these units are putting out accurate rates
- When applying in blend, do a simple check on blend quality
- Most systems are capable of making and holdling rate throughout, but check row by row variations.
- Challenge you to think about what your resulting seedbed environment looks like after this operation.
- No-Till vs ST – 2017 WARS Soil compaction impedes root growth at 200 PSI (Red) Planting at 1.75” Look at environment seed is starting it’s life in Fertilizer placement No-till, top 0-3” of soil, induces stratification Strip-till, primed for optimal growth nutrients ready for uptake Root growth/health
- Pushing sub-surface placement – WLEB nutrient concerns, greater FUE Planter performance, emergence, single pass savings Reducing compaction, shatter zone
- Pushing sub-surface placement – WLEB nutrient concerns, greater FUE Planter performance, emergence, single pass savings Reducing compaction, shatter zone
- Compaction levels from the downforce study
- Demo day, learned a lot about the unit
- Nutrient management becoming more of a focus in agriculture across the board. Sub-surface offers a toolset to accomplish responsible nutrient management. Tools coming out that enable better placement, operation dependent. Lot’s of opportunities for adoption outside of strictly “sub-surface placement” Will be exciting to see innovations and how these products evolve.
- Looking forward to a good year: A few issues during the fall VRT field was first one up, was behind at harvest and missed window.
- Looking forward to a good year: A few issues during the fall VRT field was first one up, was behind at harvest and missed window.