This document summarizes a presentation about the spread of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) through contaminated feed. The key points are: 1. PEDV was first detected in the US in 2013 and caused high mortality in baby piglets. Testing found the virus in feed samples from three farms experiencing outbreaks. 2. Modeling showed that PEDV and other viruses could survive for over a month in certain feed ingredients, suggesting they could survive international transport. 3. This highlighted the risk of disease spread through global agricultural trade and the need for improved "feed biosecurity" practices domestically and internationally.

1. Crossing Borders:
Contaminated Feed and Food
UMN Distinguished Speaker Series
AD Leman Swine Conference 2018
Scott Dee DVM MS PhD Dipl;ACVM
Director, Pipestone Applied Research

3. Pipestone Holdings
• Pipestone Veterinary Services.
• 5 clinics, 40 veterinarians (20 swine vets)
• Pipestone System
• >250,000 sows
• 3rd largest system in US
• 70 managed sow farms.
• Pipestone Grow-Finish
• Manages >1,000,000 growing pigs
• Big Stone Marketing
• Contracting
• Wholestone Foods
• Harvest facility
• Pipestone International
• China & Mexico initiative

7. 3 strikes?

8. “Some are dead and some are living. In my life, I’ve loved them all” (J. Lennon ‘65)

9. 2013: PEDV Hits the US

10. The Culprit
• PEDV: porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
• Coronavirus: Corona = Crown
• RNA virus
• Enveloped
• Shed in feces in high quantities
• Highly infectious and contagious
• Clinical signs:
• Diarrhea
• Vomiting
• High mortality (~100%) in baby piglets

11. Stepping Forward.

12. Temporal relationship of feed delivery, consumption and diagnosis of PEDV in
3 affected breeding herds, January 2014
Incident Farm A (IA) Farm B (SD) Farm C (MN)
Feed outage area West gestation West farrowing North gestation
Feed delivery date January 6 January 8 January 9
Clinical signs January 9 January 10 January 12
Index cases West gestation West farrowing North gestation

13. Could It Be The Feed?
SCARY!
-30!
NO WAY!
NO PUBMED
CITATIONS!

14. ARE YOU KIDDING ME?!!!

15. VOILA!
Farm A Farm B Farm C
Feed sample PEDV (+) PEDV (+) PEDV (+)

16. (-) (+)
CRAZY!!

19. Where Did It Come From?
99% similarity!!

20. How Did It Get Here?

21. Metric Tons of Agricultural Products Imported from China to US: 2013-June, 2018
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
2018
(Jan-Jun)
1.9 M 1.6 M 1.9 M 1.9 M 1.7 M ~1 M
Courtesy Dr. Pyburn, NPB
!!!!!!!

22. 2013: “PEDV Can’t Survive Across the Ocean.”

23. Stepping Forward.

24. Modeling PEDV survival across the ocean!
Batch 1 (d 1 PI)
Batch 2 (d 8 PI)
Batch 3 (d 25 PI)
Batch 4 (d 37 PI)

25. Did PEDV live across the ocean? Its highly possible!
Ingredient Viability @ d37 Post-inoculation
SBM conventional positive
SBM organic positive
Lysine positive
Vitamin D positive
Choline positive
SB organic negative
SB conventional negative
D-L methionine negative
Tryptophan negative
Vitamin A negative
Vitamin E negative
Tetracycline negative
Carriers (RH & CC) negative

27. Expanding the effort!
Ingredient
SVA
(FMDV) ASFV
PSV
(SVDV)
FCV
(VESV) PCV2
BHV-1
(PRV)
PRRSV
174
BVDV
(CSFV) VSV
CDV
(NiV) IAV-S
Soybean meal-Conventional (+) (+) (+) (+) (-) (+) (+) (-) (-) (-) (-)
Soybean meal-Organic (-) (+) (+) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-)
Soy oil cake (+) (+) (+) (-) (-) (+) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-)
DDGS (+) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (+) (-) (-) (-) (-)
Lysine (+) (-) (+) (+) (+) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-)
Choline (+) (+) (-) (-) (+) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-)
Vitamin D (+) (-) (+) (-) (+) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-)
Moist cat food (+) (+) (+) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-)
Moist dog food (+) (+) (+) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-)
Dry dog food (+) (+) (+) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-)
Pork sausagecasings (+) (+) (+) (+) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-)
Complete feed (+ control) (+) (+) (+) (+) (+) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-)
Complete feed (- control) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-)
Stock virus control (-) (+) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-) (-)

29. The FBI said “Thank you”.

30. THE WORLD IS CHANGING!
• 1. Viruses can live in feed ingredients for extended periods of time.
• 2. Our data suggest they could survive across the ocean in the correct ingredient.
• 3. This novel risk factor affects multiple species, including humans.
• 4. We need to develop plans for “feed biosecurity”, both domestically and globally.
• 5. We are stepping forward: “Responsible Imports”.

31. GET INVOLVED!!
There is no better occupation than veterinary medicine!
There is no better place to be than in agriculture!
You can do so much!
The world is looking to you for leadership!
This is exactly where you want to be!

32. See you down the road!