This document discusses the particle model of matter and how heat affects the states of matter. It explains that all matter is made up of tiny particles that are always in motion, with different amounts of space between particles determining if a substance is a solid, liquid, or gas. Adding heat increases the particles' kinetic energy and speed, allowing them to overcome attractive forces and change states from solid to liquid to gas as the particles spread further apart.

1. Heat Affects Matter
We will be learning about the science of heat

2. States of Matter and the Particle
Model of Matter
 Everything in the universe is made of
matter.
 The desks, the trees, the air, and
everything else

3.  Matter exists in three states:
◦ SOLID
◦ LIQUID
◦ GAS
◦ Matter can be changed between these
states by adding or removing heat energy

5. Don’t Write!
 In Canada, water outside goes through
all the state changes.
◦ Winter – Solid ice is seen on rivers and lakes
 Weather warms up
◦ Spring – Ice begins to melt into water
 Weather warms up
◦ Summer – Some water is evaporated into the
air
 Weather cools down
◦ Fall – Ice begins to form on the lakes or
rivers
 Weather cools down

6.  SOLID melts into LIQUID
 LIQUID melts into GAS
 GAS condenses into LIQUID
 LIQUID condenses into SOLID

8. Next Slide is VERY
IMPORTANT

9. Particle Model of Matter
1. All matter is made up of extremely tiny
particles
2. The tiny particles of matter are ALWAYS
moving
3. The particles have space between them
4. Adding Heat to matter makes the
particles move around faster

10. 1. Matter is made of tiny particles
 These are much too small to see with
the human eye
 We can only see it using highly
powerful tools called electron
microscopes

12. 2. Matter particles are always
moving
 This form of energy is known as
KINETIC ENERGY
 Each particle has kinetic energy–
energy of movement

14. 3. Space between particles
 Different states of matter
(solid, liquid, or gas) have different
amounts of space between them.

16. 4. Adding heat
 Faster moving things have more
kinetic energy
 Adding heat increases the kinetic
energy of the particle

18. States of Matter and Volume
 Solid
 Because solid particles are so tightly packed together
it has a final shape and volume
 Liquid
 Liquid particles are a little looser attached than solid,
so they take the shape of their container
 Gas
◦ Particles are not connected to each other at all. Takes
up as much space as its container allows