1. Parallelism is a writing technique where the same grammatical structure is used for elements that have the same importance. 2. It creates clarity, rhythm, and balance in writing by using consistent structures for lists, series, comparisons, and contrasts. 3. Maintaining parallel structure is required for lists, series, correlative expressions, and comparisons to ensure consistent grammar is used for related elements.

1. The French, the Italians, Spanish, and Portuguese The French, the Italians, the Spanish, and the Portuguese In spring, summer, and in winter In spring, in summer, and in winter

2. Parallelism

3. It is also known as parallel construction. It means using the same pattern of words, phrases or clauses within the sentence to show that ideas have the same level of importance. The principle of the matter is that expressions of similar content and function should be outwardly similar. The likeness of form enables the reader to recognize more readily the likeness of content and function. Parallelism

4. It allows you to show order and clarity and rhythm in a sentence, a paragraph, a section, or a whole document by putting elements that have the same function in the same grammatical form. It creates a sense of balance and provides a sense of the relative importance of pieces of information. Parallel structures may be as simple as groups of single words (nouns, adjectives, verbs, etc.) or as complicated as groups of phrases or clauses within a sentence or headings within a document. Sometimes the parallel structures appear as pairs, sometimes as lists or series. They are usually connected with and, but, or, or nor. Parallelism

5. Parallelism is required in lists and series; in compound structures; in every kind of comparison, including those using than or as; and in contrasting elements Parallel Words:Depression and belligerence are behaviors that many abused children exhibit. Infinitive phrase: I couldn’t decide whether to pay my rent, to buy food, or to go to the movies. Dependent Clauses: Michiko told the judge that she had been pulled out of a line of fast-moving traffic and that she had a perfect driving record.. Independent Clauses:In matters of principle, stand like a rock; in matters of taste, swim with the current.

6. Faulty: Her complaints were boring, childish, and showed how ignorant she was. Improved: Her complaints were boring, childish, and ignorant. Lists/series

7. An article or a preposition applying to all the members of a series must either be used only before the first term or else be repeated before each term. Faulty: In spring, summer, or in winter Improved: In spring, summer, or winter (In spring, in summer, or in winter)

8. Correlative expressions (both, and; not, but; not only, but also; either, or; first, second, third; and the like) should be followed by the same grammatical construction. Faulty: She worked late in the evening not only to catch up on her studies, but also writing her paper. Improved: She worked hard late in the evening not only to catch up on her studies, but also to write her paper.

9. Faulty: A time not for words, but action Improved: A time not for words, but for action. Faulty: My objections are, first, the injustice of the measure; second, that it is unconstitutional. Improved: My objections are, first, that the measure is unjust; second, that it is unconstitutional.

10. Place correlative conjunctions immediately before the parallel terms Faulty: Either you must grant his request or incur his ill will. Improved: You must either grant his request or incur his ill will. Faulty: Brad has both experienced the sweet taste of success and the bitterness of defeat. Improved: Brad has experienced both the sweet taste of success and the bitterness of defeat.

11. When making comparisons, the things you compare should be couched in parallel structures whenever that is possible and appropriate. Faulty: My income is smaller than my wife. Improved: My income is smaller than my wife's. Faulty: In love as war, no holds are barred. Improved: In love as in war, no holds are barred. Faulty: I like officiating basketball more than playing basketball. Improved: I like to officiate basketball more than I like playing basketball.