Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 2 Annotated Bibliography Vincent Oluwakorede Chamberlain University 05/30/2019 Annotated Bibliography “Compare and contrast society during the early Renaissance in Europe to contemporary society” Renaissance is referred to as a period of rebirth in Europe. Renaissance marked a time of significant changes in the culture, education, art, philosophy, literature, among other major areas that define the Europeans. To have a better understanding of what really changed during and after the period of the Renaissance, it is important to carry out an in depth research on the society before and after the Renaissance. This paper is an annotated bibliography of the sources to be used in providing relevant information in comparing life in Europe before and after the Renaissance. Guarnieri, M., & Negro, P. (2012). The Italian Renaissance: Transition from Medieval to Early Modern Europe of the University system and Higher Learning. Proceedings of 10th Jubilee of Wu Chien-Shiung, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275966514_The_Italian_Renaissance_Transition_from_Medieval_to_Early_Modern_Europe_of_the_University_System_and_Higher_Learning. This chapter provides insightful information on where Renaissance started. The authors show how Renaissance started in Italy and how it spread to other regions across Europe. The authors determine that the impact of the Renaissance was first felt within the university system, which led to the advancement in science and technology. The authors show that Renaissance in Italy caused a wave across Europe, which influenced other regions to follow suit, thus; leading to a complete change in the university system across Europe. The authors, Massimo Guarnieri and Pietro Del Negro are professors from the University of Padova, which make their contribution to the topic credible. The information from the article presented by both authors will be applicable in the first part of the essay, which will describe how Renaissance started and later spread across Europe. Kaufman, P. (2012). From the Renaissance to the Modern World—Introduction. Religious, Vol 3, 1138=1139. This is an informative article that describes Europe from the period of the Renaissance to the modern world. The author notes that the Renaissancewas a landmark in the history of Europe, which forever changed Europe. The author points out on how the Renaissance period changed the education system, culture, art, and philosophy. The ideas presented through the article show the impact of the Renaissance to the modern world and how the modern living in Europe has been influenced by the Renaissance. The author, Peter Kaufman is affiliated to the University of Richmond and his article is one of the many articles that he has written in regard to European history, making it a credible source for research. The content of the article will be used through the paper since it covers the perio.

1. Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
1
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 2
Annotated Bibliography
Vincent Oluwakorede
Chamberlain University
05/30/2019
Annotated Bibliography
“Compare and contrast society during the early Renaissance in
Europe to contemporary society”
Renaissance is referred to as a period of rebirth in Europe.
Renaissance marked a time of significant changes in the culture,
education, art, philosophy, literature, among other major areas
that define the Europeans. To have a better understanding of
what really changed during and after the period of the
Renaissance, it is important to carry out an in depth research on
the society before and after the Renaissance. This paper is an
annotated bibliography of the sources to be used in providing
relevant information in comparing life in Europe before and

2. after the Renaissance.
Guarnieri, M., & Negro, P. (2012). The Italian Renaissance:
Transition from Medieval to Early Modern Europe of the
University system and Higher Learning. Proceedings of 10th
Jubilee of Wu Chien-Shiung,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275966514_The_Italia
n_Renaissance_Transition_from_Medieval_to_Early_Modern_E
urope_of_the_University_System_and_Higher_Learning.
This chapter provides insightful information on where
Renaissance started. The authors show how Renaissance started
in Italy and how it spread to other regions across Europe. The
authors determine that the impact of the Renaissance was first
felt within the university system, which led to the advancement
in science and technology. The authors show that Renaissance
in Italy caused a wave across Europe, which influenced other
regions to follow suit, thus; leading to a complete change in the
university system across Europe. The authors, Massimo
Guarnieri and Pietro Del Negro are professors from the
University of Padova, which make their contribution to the
topic credible. The information from the article presented by
both authors will be applicable in the first part of the essay,
which will describe how Renaissance started and later spread
across Europe.
Kaufman, P. (2012). From the Renaissance to the Modern
World—Introduction. Religious, Vol 3, 1138=1139.
This is an informative article that describes Europe from the
period of the Renaissance to the modern world. The author
notes that the Renaissancewas a landmark in the history of
Europe, which forever changed Europe. The author points out
on how the Renaissance period changed the education system,
culture, art, and philosophy. The ideas presented through the
article show the impact of the Renaissance to the modern world
and how the modern living in Europe has been influenced by the
Renaissance. The author, Peter Kaufman is affiliated to the
University of Richmond and his article is one of the many
articles that he has written in regard to European history,

3. making it a credible source for research. The content of the
article will be used through the paper since it covers the period
before the Renaissanceand the period after the Renaissance. The
article provides detailed information that makes it relevant
through the paper.
Malanima, P. (2008). The Italian Renaissance Economy (1250-
1600).
This article provides insightful information on the different
stages of growth of Italy`s economy during the Renaissance.
According to the author, Italy`s economy was performing fairly
during the 13th century, but started to rise over the years. The
author attributes the growth of the economy to the
advancements in the education systems, which enlightened them
and led to the growth of different sectors of the economy. Some
of the relevant ideas that the author draws in the article is the
contribution of the Renaissance period to agricultural and
industrial sectors, The improvement in these areas is believed to
have led to the improvement in employment rates and
productivity, which had a positive impacton the economy. The
author, Paulo Malanima is a professor in Universita' degliStudi
"Magna Græcia" DI Catanzaro, which makes his article a
credible source for the topic under study. The article will be
relevant in the middle section of the paper where the impact of
the Renaissance on the European economy will be discussed.

4. References
Guarnieri, M., & Negro, P. (2012). The Italian Renaissance:
Transition from Medieval to Early Modern Europe of the
University system and Higher Learning. Proceedings of 10th
Jubilee of Wu Chien-Shiung,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275966514_The_Italia
n_Renaissance_Transition_from_Medieval_to_Early_Modern_E
urope_of_the_University_System_and_Higher_Learning
Kaufman, P. (2012). From the Renaissance to the Modern
World—Introduction. Religious, Vol 3, 1138=1139.
Malanima, P. (2008). The Italian Renaissance Economy (1250-
1600).
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
3
Research proposal
“Compare and contrast society during the early Renaissance in
Europe to contemporary society”
In the fourteenth and fifteenth century, Europe experienced
significant changes in history. This marked the rebirth and

5. intellectual growth of Europe since many changes were realized
during the people. Renaissance was the word used to describe
the rebirths that occurred. Renaissance marked the time of
significant changes in cultural, literature, philosophical, and art
revolution in other nations in Europe (Kaufman, 2012). The
change started in Italy and expanded to other areas in Europe.
During the early Renaissance, the society had unique
characteristics. However, after the occurrence of changes,
contemporary society or the current society was developed. The
contemporary society is also characterized by unique features
compared to the early Renaissance. However, the two types of
society are characterized by features that are similar, while
others are different. This research is guided by a thesis
statement indicating that similarities and differences between
the two spread across all aspect of life, including the education
system, cultural practices, and economic inventions, among
others.
According to Guarnieri and Negro (2012), the difference in the
two societies is marked by changes in the spread of knowledge
whereby during the early renaissance society information was
spread through handwritten forms. Renaissance left to the
invention of the printing press. This also reformed the education
system since in the ancient times, education was reserved for
the rich people, but the rebirth led to the middle class and low
classes are educated. This has led to early discoveries and the
spread of information. Currently, society spread written
material through online press whereby it reaches many people
as compared to contemporary society. Renaissance has also
facilitated the rise of Humanism. In the early Renaissance era,
people were devoted to living a religious life. This was
accompanied by fulfilling their spiritual purpose of life. In
contemporary society, humanism raised such that people are
now interested in filling their interests rather than religious
demands. The modern society emphasize more on worldly
presses as well as studied classic texts from scholars and

6. philosophers such as Aristotle and Plato to obtain aspirating.
People have developed an increased desire to travels and
acquire knowledge (Kaufman, 2012).
The goal of the paper is to deeply study the two societies “to
compare and contrast society during the early Renaissance in
Europe to contemporary society.” To achieve this goal, the
researcher will strive to meet various objectives, which include
identifying characteristics of religious and cultural practices in
early renaissance society and contemporary society. The study
seeks to examine the changes in the education system between
the two societies. The researcher will also determine the
changes in the literature that have taken place by comparing
early Renaissance with contemporary society. Finally, the study
will investigate the impact of Renaissance in Europe over the
years so that its benefit and challenges are identified.
This study will be necessary to all student and philosophers
since it will enhance understanding of the contemporary by
defining the similarities and difference of the two societies.
This informs will also enable future production of the society.
The identification of similarities and differences between early
renaissance and contemporary society will be on help to society
today so that challenges accompanying the changes can be
identified and ways of handling the changes designed.
The researcher will embrace qualitative research method. The
qualitative research method is appropriate because it enables the
researcher to explore the topic deeply and gain understanding of
the reasons, motivation, and opinions of the concepts and
develop an insightful an understanding of the two societies. The
researcher will use secondary data whereby meta-analysis of
information from other scholars will be used to develop the
study. The researcher will carry out an explorative literature
review about the two societies so that all relevant information
regarding the study. The secondary data will aid the study by
providing information about the practices and lifestyle of
people in the early renaissance time which cannot be identified
through primary data since most of the people living during that

7. time are long gone. The information obtained will be analyzed
through content analysts. This method of analysis intends to
identify essential content for the research topic. Therefore,
qualitative research method will be suitable for the study and
the use of a secondary data to understand the similarities and
difference of the early renaissance society as well as
contemporary society.
References
Guarnieri, M., & Negro, P. (2012). The Italian Renaissance:
Transition from Medieval to Early Modern Europe of the
University system and Higher Learning. Proceedings of 10th
Jubilee of Wu Chien-Shiung,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275966514_The_Italia
n_Renaissance_Transition_from_Medieval_to_Early_Modern_E
urope_of_the_University_System_and_Higher_Learning.
Kaufman, P. (2012). From the Renaissance to the Modern
World—Introduction. Religious, Vol 3, 1138=1139.