Elizabeth Kalis Project Presentation

1. Hydraulic Fracturing
AKA Fracking
By,
Elizabeth Kalis

2. Fracking Process
●The ground is drilled at least a
mile down to reach the shale
formations
●
●Steel and cement casing is
installed in the well bore
●Casing is perforated at desired
distance
●Fracking fluid which is a mixture
of hundreds of harmful chemicals,
water and sand is blasted at high
pressure to fracture the shale
formations (1-8 million gallons)
●The fractured shale allows
pockets of natural gas to release
and follow the path of the well bore
to the surface where it is collected

3. US Natural Oil Zones
Natural Gas is found in shale formations at least a mile down underground. There
are five major gas reservoirs with the US noted on the map above.

4. Effects of Fracking
The major problem with fracking is the
fact that the chemicals in fracking fluid,
which are undisclosed to the public on
private land projects, contaminate the
water table. What some believe to be a
myth is a scary reality, tap water can be
set on fire because of the locals of
fracking sites have a dangerous amount
of methane and other contaminants in
their tap. It has also been reported that
people that live near these sites feel
nauseous, have migraines, lose
sensitivity to senses. Some have also
reported their pets who have been
drinking the tap to have premature death
and hair loss.

5. Extra Information
A great starting point to learn the facts
and problems with fracking is watching
Gas Land.
The hydraulic fracturing issue became
very public with the release of this
documentary film by Josh Fox.
For more information, visit
gaslandthemovie.com

6. Resources
161 U. PA. L. Rev. 431 (2012-2013), Federalism, Regulatory Lags, and the Political Economy of Energy Production; Spence, David B.
Bomgardner, Melody. "Testing Green Fracking Fluids." Central Science. Cleantech Chemistry, 5 Oct. 2012. Web. 16 Apr. 2013.
EXPERTS DRAFT GUIDANCE ON LIMITING FRACKING RISKS. Professional Engineering, 25 (10), 4.
Fetcher, Adam, and Megan Crandall. "Interior Releases Draft Rule Requiring Public Disclosure of Chemicals Used in Hydraulic
Fracturing on Public and Indian Lands." U.S Department of the Interior. U.S Department of the Interior, 4 May 2012.
Web. 16 Apr. 2013.
Gebel, Erika. "Digital Programs and Systems [Gateway]." Digital Programs and Systems [Gateway].Chemical & Engineering
News, 10 Dec. 2012. Web. 16 Apr. 2013.
Lara O. Haluszczak, Arthur W. Rose, Lee R. Kump, Geochemical evaluation of flowback brine from Marcellus gas wells in PA, USA,
Applied Geochemistry, Volume 28, January 2013, Pages 55-61, ISSN 0883-2927, 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.10.002
Myers, T. (2012) Potential Contaminant Pathways from Hydraulically Fractured Shale Aquifers. Ground Water, 50: 872-882. doi:
10.1111/ j. 1785-6584.2012.00933.x
"Oil and Natural Gas Air Pollution Standards Basic Information." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 10 Oct. 2012. Web. 18
Apr. 2013.
"Oil and Natural Gas Air Pollution Standards Regulatory Actions." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 19 Apr.
2013. Web. 19 Apr.2013.
"The Process of Hydraulic Fracturing." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 7 Feb. 2013. Web. 16 Apr. 2013.

7. Resources
161 U. PA. L. Rev. 431 (2012-2013), Federalism, Regulatory Lags, and the Political Economy of Energy Production; Spence, David B.
Bomgardner, Melody. "Testing Green Fracking Fluids." Central Science. Cleantech Chemistry, 5 Oct. 2012. Web. 16 Apr. 2013.
EXPERTS DRAFT GUIDANCE ON LIMITING FRACKING RISKS. Professional Engineering, 25 (10), 4.
Fetcher, Adam, and Megan Crandall. "Interior Releases Draft Rule Requiring Public Disclosure of Chemicals Used in Hydraulic
Fracturing on Public and Indian Lands." U.S Department of the Interior. U.S Department of the Interior, 4 May 2012.
Web. 16 Apr. 2013.
Gebel, Erika. "Digital Programs and Systems [Gateway]." Digital Programs and Systems [Gateway].Chemical & Engineering
News, 10 Dec. 2012. Web. 16 Apr. 2013.
Lara O. Haluszczak, Arthur W. Rose, Lee R. Kump, Geochemical evaluation of flowback brine from Marcellus gas wells in PA, USA,
Applied Geochemistry, Volume 28, January 2013, Pages 55-61, ISSN 0883-2927, 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.10.002
Myers, T. (2012) Potential Contaminant Pathways from Hydraulically Fractured Shale Aquifers. Ground Water, 50: 872-882. doi:
10.1111/ j. 1785-6584.2012.00933.x
"Oil and Natural Gas Air Pollution Standards Basic Information." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 10 Oct. 2012. Web. 18
Apr. 2013.
"Oil and Natural Gas Air Pollution Standards Regulatory Actions." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 19 Apr.
2013. Web. 19 Apr.2013.
"The Process of Hydraulic Fracturing." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 7 Feb. 2013. Web. 16 Apr. 2013.