different types of variables

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Nature of Inquiry and Research
Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021

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Objectives:
At the end of the session, learners are expected to:
1. differentiate kinds of variables;
and
2.decide on variables to be
included in their research.
Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021
A variable is any factor or
property that a researcher
measures, controls, and/or
manipulates.

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021
It is also the changing quantity
or measure of any factor, trait,
or condition that can exist in
differing amounts or types.

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021
`quality or characteristics
what type or which category
Qualitative
Categorical

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021
Qualitative
Categorical
Binary
Two values only
Multiple
Independent /
Dependent
Nominal
Name/Label
Ordinal
Order/Rank

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021
Sex:
Male/Female
Answer: Yes/No
Section: Rational,
Smart, Innovative
Movie: Action, Comedy,
Horror, Romance…
Birth Order: Oldest,
Middle, Youngest
Level of Education:
Preschool, Elementary,
JHS, SHS, undergrad,
grad school

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021
`measurable numeric quantity
how many or how much
Quantitative
Numerical

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021
Quantitative
Numerical
Discrete
Whole numerical
values
Continuous
Take any value within
a range
Ratio
True absolute zero
Interval
Has values below zero

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021
# of student in a class
# of FB likes
# of votes in an
election
Age
Height
Weight
Temperature (C or F)
pH values
Age range

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021
`lacks the manipulation of an IV
measures variables as they
naturally occur (in the lab or
real world)
Non-
Experimental
Comparison/Relationship

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021
Non-
Experimental
Comparison/Relationship
Self-Esteem of 50 STEM students and 50
ABM students
Educational Background and Voting
preferences of senior citizens

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021
Experimental
Scientific/Experimentation
`involves manipulation or control
of variables

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021
Experimental
Scientific/Experimentation
Independent
Unaffected
Dependent
Measured or Tested
Control
Constant and
Unchanging

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021
https://theory.labster.com/experimental_variables/

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021
https://sciencenotes.org/what-is-a-control-variable-definition-and-examples/

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021
Other Variables
Predictor
Used to predict
outcomes
Criterion
Predicted from one
or more variables
Extraneous/
Confounding/
Mediating/
Intervening

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021
Independent
Variable
Extraneous
Variable
Dependent
Variable
How the independent
variable affect the
dependent variable
Unfortunately, an
extraneous variable might
also affect the dependent
variable in some way

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021
Drinking coffee
- Cigarette
smoking
- Diet
Heart Disease
Does drinking coffee lead to
heart disease?
There may also be other
factors leading to heart
disease

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021
Confounding
Variable
Independent
Variable
Extraneous
Variable
Dependent
Variable
https://theory.labster.com/experimental_variables/

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021
Work
Drinking Coffee
Cigarette
Smoking
Heart Disease

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021
Mediating
https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/mediator-vs-moderator/
Predictor Criterion
Moderating

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021
Learning
Strategy
Distance
Learning
Academic
Performance
Tutorial Video

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Title: Blended Learning and Grade 12 STEM
Students Level of Perception of Their
Academic Performance
IV – Blended Learning
DV – Level of Perception of Academic
Performance
EV – Availability of Learning Materials,
Internet Connection, Stress

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021
Blended Learning
- Availability of
learning materials
- Internet
connection
- Stress
Level of Perception
on Academic
Performance
Does the use of blended
learning increase the level of
perception of academic
performance of STEM
students?
There may also be other
factors affecting the level of
perception on academic
performance.

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Title: Conduct of Guidance Counselling
Programs and Absenteeism and Drop-Out
Rate among Grade 11 Students
PV – guidance counselling program
CV – absenteeism and drop-out rate
Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021
Guidance
Counselling Program
Absenteeism and
Drop-out Rate

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Practical Research 2 Classroom Observation Thelma V. Villaflores October 4, 2021
Guidance
Counselling Program
Absenteeism and
Drop-out Rate
Beliefs /
attitude
Usap Tayo Project