1.
Good practice in
lighting design
By Nick Smith IEng FILP MIES
Managing Director
Nick Smith Associates Limited
Date: 2020-11-26
Happy Thanksgiving

2.
Course program
• 12 modules
• Introduction to BS EN13201
• BS5489-1:2020 changes
• Reasons for road lighting
• Environmental considerations
• Energy considerations
• Design classification determination
and the risk assessments
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• Variable lighting considerations
• Conflict areas
• Photometry
• Maintenance Factor
• S/P ratio
• Glare, glare metrics
• Some worked examples using lighting
software
• Plucked out some to talk about today
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3.
BS5489-1:2020 changes
• The changes to BS5489-1:2020 was covered in the seminar delivered in
May 2020
• https://theilp.org.uk/project/ilp-cpd-webinar-british-standard-5489-
update
• Or use your preferred search engine
– ilp-cpd-webinar-british-standard-5489-update
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4.
Reasons for road lighting
• We cover this topic is covered in
more detail
• looking at issues associated with
road and street lighting
• The lighting should reveal the
– positions of kerbs
– road markings,
– the directions of roads,
– the presence of any pedestrians
– other obstructions,
– Stationary vehicles
– and the movement of any
vehicles.
• Horizontal illuminance
• Luminance
• Vertical Illuminance
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5.
Five Principles of responsible outdoor
lighting
• All lights should have a purpose
• Lighting should be targeted only
where needed
– Tilt!
• Lights should be no brighter than
necessary
• Lights should be used only when
needed
• Colour temperature
– Blue light!
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6.
Bats
• All British bats are classed as European Protected Species and therefore receive
protection under the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017 (as
amended), making it an offence to:
– Deliberately kill, injure or capture a bat;
– Deliberately disturb bats, including in particular any disturbance
• which is likely to impair their ability to survive,
• to reproduce or to rear or nurture their young,
• or their ability to hibernate or migrate,
• or which is likely to affect significantly their local distribution or
abundance;
– Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place of a bat.
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7.
Bats
• Some ecology reports state
– Potential for bat roosts, what does this mean?
• Foraging roosts,
• maternity roosts,
• hibernation roosts
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8.
Bats
• In addition, all British bats are also listed under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and
Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) which contains further provisions making it an
offence to intentionally or recklessly:
– Obstruct access to
• any structure or
• place which any bat uses for
• shelter or protection; or
– Disturb bats while occupying
• a structure or place that it uses for that purpose.
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9.
Bats some of the actions
• Bats and artificial lighting document (BCT/ILP) 2018 under revision
• Lighting level
– Some Bat more sensitive species dependant
• Lower Mounting height
• Lantern horizontal (0° Tilt)
• Spill light
– To trees
– And hedgerows
• Colour temperature
– Warm white
• <3000° Kelvin
• <2700° Kelvin better
• <2200° Kelvin better still
• Amber LED or RED LED
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10.
More Lighting actions
• Sensitive lighting will be most important in proximity to:
– Retained hedgerows
– Used for bat commuting routes
• Trees featuring bat potential (please see attached);
– Bat roosts
– Nesting birds
• Proposed areas of standing water ;
– Ponds, rivers etc often used as feeding areas of bats and hence owls
• Any green POS areas
– Feeding area of commuting routes
• Green linkages/corridors proposed throughout the site.
– commuting routes
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11.
Energy considerations
• Variable Lighting (can it be used)
• Why use variable lighting
– Change in usage
– Typical times
– Rush hour end /start
– Going to bed
• Options to control lighting
– Via CMS
– Via photocell
– Pre programmed driver
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12.
Design class determination and the risk
assessments
• Class selection
• Situational analysis
• Or risk assessments
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13.
Class Selection
Traffic
Flow
Lighting Class
E1 to E4 E1 & E2 E3 & E4
Pedestrian and
cyclists only
Speed
limit v ≤ 30
mph
Speed
limit v ≤
30 mph
Busy P5 P4 P3
Normal P5 P5 P4
Quiet P6 P5 P4
• NOTE 1: Table A.5 assumes no parked vehicles; see risk
assessment in A.3.3.2.
• NOTE 2:An EV lighting class using vertical illuminance,
from BS EN 13201-2:2015, Table 6, can be specified in
addition to the general lighting class when there are
particular concerns about crime and personal safety. EV is
calculated at the typical height of a human face (1.5 m)
and in relevant viewing orientations.
• NOTE 3: To ensure adequate uniformity, the actual value
of the maintained average illuminance is not to exceed 1.5
times the value indicated for the class.
• NOTE 4: The actual overall uniformity of illuminance, Uo,
needs to be as high as reasonably practicable (see 7.2.6).
• NOTE 5: The ambient luminance descriptions E1 to E4 refer
to the environmental zone as defined in ILP GN01 [N2].
• NOTE 6: The illuminance classes are suggested minimum
levels. A risk assessment needs to be carried out to ensure
that the light levels are adequate, particularly for
pedestrians and cyclists.
I went thorough this in more
detail in the May seminar on
BS5489
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14.
Situational Analysis
Annex A –Selection of lighting class
5 Step Approach
1. Select benchmark lighting class from table
2. Do Risk Assessment or Situational Analysis & refer local policy
3. Adjust target level based on specific risks
4. Adjust target level in not “white” light
5. Look at variable lighting options
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15.
Documenting Decisions
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16.
Documenting Decisions
Design criteria Form
Design Considerations
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17.
Conflict areas
• Covered before in the region
• Conflict creep
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18.
Photometry
• Photometric files
• Absolute and relative photometry
• File formats
• Displaying photometry from different software
• What to look out for
• And more
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19.
Grid setup
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1.5m grid spacing
375m x 375m
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20.
Grid setup
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1.5m grid spacing
375m x 375m
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21.
Grid setup
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1.5m grid spacing
375m x 375m
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22.
Maintenance Factor
• Another example of change is the section on maintenance factors
– ILP guidance note 11/19 and
– ISO / CIE TS22012:2019
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23.
The Human Eye and retinal receptors
• Cones provide day vision and
there are 3 type
– L cone –red
– M cone –green
– S cone – blue
• Rods
– Scotopic vision
– ipRGC- blue dashed line
– Non image forming sensors
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The Human Eye and retinal receptors
L cone – red dotted
M cone – green dotted
S cone – blue dotted
Scotopic vision (grey line)
ipRGC- (blue dashed line)
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25.
Glare and TI%
• Another area that has been significantly modified is the application and
calculation of glare at the design stage.
• Many use
– luminous intensity classes
– G classes as a way of specifying or deciding the right optic setting to use.
• BS5489 now falls in line with the recommendations of EN13201
– EN13201 after BS5489-1:2013
– suggesting that the function of threshold increment should be calculated for
P and C classes as the first choice when (function of) threshold increment
cannot be calculated.
– If TI% cannot be calculated, the designer can consider the luminous
intensity classes as an alternative but his should not be the only
consideration.
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26.
Glare Example
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27.
Glare Example
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28.
Course Delivery
• Good Practice in Lighting Design Course will be available shortly
• from the ILP website
• Once it has been formatted and tested
• Watch out for emails and other social media
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29.
Questions
• New online training course now available
– www.nicksmithassociatestraining.thinkific.com
• Training course details at
– www.nicksmithassociates.co.uk
• mail@nicksmithassociates.com
• www.youtube.com
– Search for Nick Smith Associates Training
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