LLS2017- Virtual Presentation

1. Wimonwan Aungsuwan
English Department, Thammasat University, Thailand
The Third International Conference on Language, Literature & Society
2016 (LLC2016)
18-19 January, 2016 Bangkok, Thailand.

2. •Purposes
To analyse and compare representation and
attitudes of the media towards Yingluck in the
political conflicts in Thailand between The Nation
and CNN.

3. •Definition
Conducted by Professor James Martin
The Appraisal framework means a particular
approach to exploring, describing and explaining the way
language is used to evaluate, to adopt stances, to
construct textual personals and to manage interpersonal
positionings and relationships. (White, 2012)

4. •Attitudinal positioning
It means that writers/speakers indicate either a
positive or negative assessment of people, places, things,
happenings and states of affairs.
Characteristics of Attitudinal positioning
1. Verbs of emotion such as laugh, cry, adjective of
emotion: happy, sad
2. Positive and negative affect such as happy, sad
3. A scale intensity of feeling such as like, love,
adore

5. •Types of attitudinal positioning
1. Affect
1.1 Happiness and unhappiness
Happiness
Cheer: laught, rejoice, enjoy
Affection: hug, embrace, loving, adoring
Unhappiness
Misery: cry, sad, miserable
Antipathy: revile, dislike, hate
1.2 Desire and undesire Desire such as suggest, request, demand

6. 1.3 Security and insecurity
Security: trust, confidence
Insecurity
Disquiet: restless, shaking, anxious
Surprise: cry out, astonished
1.4 Satisfaction and dissatisfaction
Satisfaction
Interest: attentive, involve, absorbed
Pleasure: compliment, satisfied, pleased
Dissatisfaction
Ennui: Yawn, stale, jaded
Displeasure: scold, angry, furious

7. 2. Judgement (evaluation matrix for human behavior)
2.1 Normality (how special) such as lucky, unlucky
2.2 Capacity such as educated, uneducated
2.3 Tenacity (how dependable) such as brave, timid
2.4 Veracity (truth) such as honest, dishonest
2.5 Propriety (ethic) such as good, bad

8. 3. Appreciation (artifact, object)
3.1 Reaction such as beautiful, ugly
3.2 Composition such as balance, unbalance
3.3 Valuation such as innovative, conservative

9. Corpus compilation
31 October – 31 December 2013
The Nation: 716 files, 867 tokens of Yingluck
CNN: 39 files, 162 tokens of Yingluck

10. 1. Affect
Table 1 Frequency comparison of Yingluck’s affect
Types of affect found in
The Nation
Tokens Percentage Types of affect found
in CNN
Tokens Percentage
Happiness 6 8.33 Happiness 0 0.00
Unhappiness 7 9.72 Unhappiness 0 0.00
Desire 46 63.89 Desire 5 50.00
Undesire 6 8.33 Undesire 5 50.00
Security 1 1.39 Security 0 0.00
Insecurity 6 8.33 Insecurity 0 0.00
Total 72 100.00 Total 10 100.00

11. 1. Happiness and unhappiness
Happiness (The Nation)
(1) Yingluck enjoyed much on familiar ground, where everyone and
everything appeared to comfort her and greet her with a homecoming
welcome. (The Nation December 15, 2013-3.txt)
(2) Yingluck cheered by welcome from supporters in home town;
returns to face the music today. (The Nation December 15, 2013-3.txt)
(3) Yingluck's eyes brimmed with tears as her supporters in the
northeastern province of Roi Et chanted to boost her spirits in a
traditional welcoming ceremony known as Bai Sri Su Kwuan. (The
Nation December 20, 2013-9.txt)

12. Unhappiness (The Nation)
(4) When asked if she felt heavy-hearted, the caretaker PM, with tears
brimming in her eyes, likened the current situation to a rocky road. (The
Nation December 27, 2013-1.txt)
(5) The last appearance of Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra seen in
Bangkok was when she could not hold back her tears during a press
interview about demands from anti-government protesters that she and her
family leave the country. (The Nation December 15, 2013-3.txt)
(6) CARETAKER Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra fought back
tears yesterday when asked by reporters to respond to the anti-government
group's demand that the whole Shinawatra clan leave the country. (The
Nation December 11, 2013-7.txt)

13. 2. Desire and undesire
 Desire
The Nation
(7) Yingluck … calls for elections (The nation December 9, 2013-8.txt)
(8) PM Yingluck said in response she would like to see … forgiveness
from all sides. (The Nation November 5, 2013-1.txt)
(9) Yingluck pleads with protesters to stop (The Nation November 7,
2013-14.txt)
(10) Earlier, in a live televised interview, Prime Minister Yingluck
Shinawatra said she was willing to "open every door" for negotiations to try
to find a peaceful resolution to some of the worst political turmoil in years.
(The Nation December 3, 2013-2.txt)

14. CNN
(11) … even after Thailand's PM, Yingluck Shinawatra, called
a snap election in attempts to defuse the kingdom's political crisis.
(CNN December 4, 2013-2.txt)
(12) Yingluck Shinawatra has responded to the escalating
situation with a call for … respect for law. (CNN November 25,
2013-1.txt)

15.  Undesire
The Nation
(13) Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra yesterday rejected
the anti-government protesters' demand for a "people's council",
(The Nation November 29, 2013-3.txt)
CNN
(14) Yingluck says she doesn't want the country "to suffer from
more losses" (CNN December 9, 2013-2.txt)
(15) Thai Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra dismissed calls
by protesters for her to step down by Tuesday, (CNN December 2,
2013-2.txt)

16. 3. Security and insecurity
Security (The Nation)
(16) Yingluck also expressed confidence government officials would
continue to work to serve the people even though the protests were making
their work harder. (The Nation November 28, 2013-15.txt)
Insecurity (The Nation)
(17) Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra expressed concern yesterday
about protesters occupying the Finance Ministry compound. (The Nation
November 26, 2013-1.txt)
(18) …Yingluck Shinawatra was concerned about the anti-amnesty
protests, (The Nation November 5, 2013-1.txt)
(19) After her statement, Yingluck reportedly was very shocked to know
that the public was angered by her statement. (The Nation November 6, 2013-
5.txt)

17. 2. Judgement
Table 2 Frequency comparison of Yingluck as the appraised
focusing on judgement
Types of judgement found in
The Nation
Tokens Percentage Types of judgement
found in CNN
Tokens Percentage
Capacity 1 3.57 Capacity 3 23.08
Incapacity 2 7.14 Incapacity 0 0.00
Tenacity 9 32.14 Tenacity 2 15.38
Untenacity 7 25.00 Untenacity 8 61.54
Veracity 1 3.57 Veracity 0 0.00
Inveracity 5 17.86 Inveracity 0 0.00
Propriety 1 3.57 Propriety 0 0.00
Impropriety 2 7.14 Impropriety 0 0.00
Total 28 100.00 Total 13 100.00

18. Table 3 Frequency comparison of the appraiser of Yingluck
focusing on judgement
Types of The appraiser
found in The Nation
Tokens Percentage Types of the appraiser
found in CNN
Tokens Percentage
Government member 6 21.42 Government member 3 23.08
Opponent 17 60.71 Opponent 7 53.85
News reporter 5 17.86 News reporter 3 23.08
Total 28 100.00 Total 13 100.00

19. 1. Capacity and Incapacity
• Capacity
The Nation
(20) Yingluck led the ruling Pheu Thai Party to victory in 2011 elections.
(The Nation December 11, 2013-8.txt)
CNN
(21) In 2011, and about ten weeks into her political career, she won a
landslide victory to lead a country of 67 million people. (CNN November 4,
2013-1.txt)
(22) Yingluck Shinawatra became Thailand's first female PM after a
landslide victory in 2011. (CNN November 4, 2013-1.txt)

20. • Incapacity (The Nation)
(23) As for remarks from opposition MPs that she was "stupid", (The
Nation November 27, 2013-5.txt)
(24) "The prevailing political crisis has occurred because the country
has a leader with low intellect … (The Nation November 20, 2013-
1.txt)

21. 2. Tenacity and untenacity
• Tenacity
The Nation
(25) Yingluck says she not relying on Thaksin. (The Nation
November 6, 2013-12.txt)
(26) Yingluck showed no sign of giving up. (The Nation December
26, 2013-3.txt)
CNN
(27) Two years on, Yingluck Shinawatra says she has been making
decisions based on her own experience… (CNN November 4, 2013-
1.txt)
(28) … but she insists she has always been independent. (CNN
November 26, 2013-4.txt)

22. • Untenacity
The Nation
(29) "The prevailing political crisis has occurred because the country
has a leader …who is a puppet of another," he said. (The nation
November 20, 2013-1.txt)
(30) The protesters say Yingluck is a proxy for her billionaire
brother, former PM Thaksin Shinawatra, (The nation December 14,
2013-8.txt)
CNN
(31) Yingluck may never fully leave the shadow of her brother let
alone the scrutiny of her naysayers, (CNN November 4, 2013-1.txt)
(32) That move added fuel for critics who accuse Yingluck of being
nothing more than Thaksin's puppet, (CNN December 2, 2013-2.txt)

23. 3. Veracity and inveracity (The Nation)
• Veracity
(33) Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra Tuesday denied that she has
tolerated corruption practices … (The Nation November 26, 2013-12.txt)
• Inveracity
(34) Abhisit denounces Yingluck as 'centre of comprehensive corruption
practices' (The Nation November 26, 2013-10.txt)
(35) He said Yingluck is not sincere in making the offers and distorted the
information to make people think his party was the cause of the coup d’etat in
2006. (The Nation December 8, 2013-11.txt)
(36) He said she had failed to keep the promises made during the 2011
election campaign, (The Nation November 29, 2013-5.txt)

24. 4. Propriety and Impropriety (The Nation)
• Propriety
(37) In her defence, Yingluck said she had performed her job
responsibly, (The Nation November 29, 2013-5.txt)
• Impropriety
(38) Somkiat Homlaor, leader of the Business Club for Democracy
(BCD), added that Yingluck was just avoiding her responsibility and
passing the buck on to the Senate. (The Nation November 7, 2013-8.txt)

25. Identity construction
Discussion
Similarities and differences
Implications
Further studies